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Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries
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Darwesh, N., Allam, M., Meng, Q., Helfdhallah, A., Ramzy S. M., N., El Kharrim, K., A. Al Maliki, A., Belghyti, D. (2019). Using Piper trilinear diagrams and principal component analysis to determine variation in hydrochemical faces and understand the evolution of groundwater in Sidi Slimane Region, Morocco. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries, 23(5 (Special Issue)), 17-30. doi: 10.21608/ejabf.2019.63248
Nabil Darwesh; Mona Allam; Qingyan Meng; Al Aizari Helfdhallah; Naser Ramzy S. M.; Khadija El Kharrim; Ali A. Al Maliki; Driss Belghyti. "Using Piper trilinear diagrams and principal component analysis to determine variation in hydrochemical faces and understand the evolution of groundwater in Sidi Slimane Region, Morocco". Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries, 23, 5 (Special Issue), 2019, 17-30. doi: 10.21608/ejabf.2019.63248
Darwesh, N., Allam, M., Meng, Q., Helfdhallah, A., Ramzy S. M., N., El Kharrim, K., A. Al Maliki, A., Belghyti, D. (2019). 'Using Piper trilinear diagrams and principal component analysis to determine variation in hydrochemical faces and understand the evolution of groundwater in Sidi Slimane Region, Morocco', Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries, 23(5 (Special Issue)), pp. 17-30. doi: 10.21608/ejabf.2019.63248
Darwesh, N., Allam, M., Meng, Q., Helfdhallah, A., Ramzy S. M., N., El Kharrim, K., A. Al Maliki, A., Belghyti, D. Using Piper trilinear diagrams and principal component analysis to determine variation in hydrochemical faces and understand the evolution of groundwater in Sidi Slimane Region, Morocco. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries, 2019; 23(5 (Special Issue)): 17-30. doi: 10.21608/ejabf.2019.63248

Using Piper trilinear diagrams and principal component analysis to determine variation in hydrochemical faces and understand the evolution of groundwater in Sidi Slimane Region, Morocco

Article 2, Volume 23, 5 (Special Issue), December 2019, Page 17-30  XML PDF (981.12 K)
Document Type: Original Article
DOI: 10.21608/ejabf.2019.63248
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Authors
Nabil Darweshorcid ; Mona Allam; Qingyan Meng; Al Aizari Helfdhallahorcid ; Naser Ramzy S. M.; Khadija El Kharrimorcid ; Ali A. Al Maliki; Driss Belghyti
Abstract
The water quality of groundwater is one of the most important issues for development and life societies. The chemical parameters of the groundwater play a significant role in classifying and assessing water quality. In this study, twenty samples were collected from different locations in a rural region to determine the hydrochemical facies characteristics and understand the evolution of groundwater quality in the Sidi Slimane area in Morocco. Piper trilinear diagram and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to find out the major contributing parameters involved in groundwater samples. The results showed that the analytical values obtained when plotted on Piper’s plots revealed that the alkalis (Sodium, Potassium), are significantly dominant over alkaline earth metals (Calcium, Magnesium) and the strong acidic anions (Chlorides, Sulfates) dominant over the weak acidic anions (Carbonates and Bicarbonates). Piper trilinear diagram classified 90 % of the samples from the study area under Na+- K+ - Cl- - SO42- type and only 10 % samples under Ca2+- Mg2+- Cl--SO42- type.  the Piper plots highlighted that the groundwater is dominant of Na–Cl type and the water types originating from halite dissolution (saline) in the study area. Also, correlation matrix showed that 95%, 100%, 65%, 75%, 65% and 55% of the examined groundwaters exhibit higher concentration of Sodium, Ammonium, Calcium, Electrical Conductivity EC, Chloride, and Nitrate respectively than the maximum acceptable limit of the Moroccan’s standards for drinking water.  PCA suggests a significant mutual positive correlation between two main groups of parameters (EC, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Na+, HCO3- and Cl-) and (pH, NH4+, SO42-, and NO3-). The output of  PCA analysis is in confirmation with that of the Piper trilinear diagram and the correlation matrix to identify the characteristics of the samples and aid to comprehend their spatial distribution.
Keywords
Groundwater quality; Piper trilinear diagram; Sidi Slimane; Correlation matrix; Morocco
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