Physicochemical Characterization of the Water of Sidi Boudaroua Lake, Ouezzane, Morocco: Towards Explanation of Biodiversity of the Lake

A lake is a dynamic aquatic system in continuous exchange with its surrounding environment, upon which it depends. This study aimed to assess the physicochemical characteristics of Lake Sidi Boudaroua in order to evaluate their influence on the lake’s biodiversity. Seasonal sampling campaigns were conducted throughout the year 2020 at the Sidi Boudaroua water body. Samples were collected in January, April, July, and September. In situ measurements were taken for key physicochemical parameters, including pH, electrical conductivity, turbidity, and dissolved oxygen. In addition, concentrations of major anions (HCO₃⁻ and Cl⁻) and cations (Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Na⁺, and K⁺) were analyzed. Four sediment samples were also collected and analyzed for granulometry, organic matter, and carbonate content. The lake water was found to be weakly alkaline, with an average pH of 8.59, and moderately mineralized, with an average electrical conductivity of 1339 µS/cm. Cation analysis revealed high concentrations of sodium (258.4mg/ L) and calcium (131.3mg/ L), with lower levels of magnesium (20.80mg/ L) and potassium (6.82mg/ L). Among the anions, chlorine (195.82mg/ L) and bicarbonates (134.55mg/ L) were dominant. The water was well oxygenated, with an average dissolved oxygen level of 8.12mg/ L, and showed low turbidity, averaging 7.38 NTU. Geochemical analysis of sediment samples indicated relatively low levels of organic matter and carbonates, with high mineral content across all sites. Overall, Lake Sidi Boudaroua represents a significant hydrological basin, characterized by a calcium-chloride-sodium bicarbonate water type. Seasonal variations in the chemical composition reflect the influence of climatic conditions on the lake’s physicochemical dynamics.