et al., T. (2025). Environmental Risk of Zinc and Cadmium Mixture: Developmental Toxicity Assessment in Water Flea, Daphnia magna Through Acute and Chronic Toxicity. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries, 29(3), 453-468. doi: 10.21608/ejabf.2025.427245
Tong et al.. "Environmental Risk of Zinc and Cadmium Mixture: Developmental Toxicity Assessment in Water Flea, Daphnia magna Through Acute and Chronic Toxicity". Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries, 29, 3, 2025, 453-468. doi: 10.21608/ejabf.2025.427245
et al., T. (2025). 'Environmental Risk of Zinc and Cadmium Mixture: Developmental Toxicity Assessment in Water Flea, Daphnia magna Through Acute and Chronic Toxicity', Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries, 29(3), pp. 453-468. doi: 10.21608/ejabf.2025.427245
et al., T. Environmental Risk of Zinc and Cadmium Mixture: Developmental Toxicity Assessment in Water Flea, Daphnia magna Through Acute and Chronic Toxicity. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries, 2025; 29(3): 453-468. doi: 10.21608/ejabf.2025.427245
Environmental Risk of Zinc and Cadmium Mixture: Developmental Toxicity Assessment in Water Flea, Daphnia magna Through Acute and Chronic Toxicity
Daphnia magna (D. magna) is a microcrustacean widely used as an indicator organism in the assessment of metal toxicity. Therefore, the aim of the study was to evaluate the acute (48 hours) and chronic (21 days) toxicity of cadmium (Cd2+) and zinc (Zn2+) on D. magna with different concentrations under Elendt M4 medium. The results of the evaluation of the mortality rate of D. magna acute exposure to 40mL Cd2+ (10.00 – 125.00μg.L–1) and 40mL Zn2+ (300.00 – 1,800.00μg.L–1) showed that Cd2+ is more toxic than Zn2+ with 50% effect concentration (EC50) of test organisms at 75.30 and 1,274.80μg.L–1, respectively. For the Cd2+ – Zn2+ (300.00 – 1,800.00μg.L–1) mixture containing 75.30μgCd.L–1, the EC50 value was 1,833.50μg.L–1 higher than the single metal indicating that Zn2+ has a protective role in D. magna against Cd2+ toxicity. In the chronic toxicity test, D. magna was exposed to Cd2+ (0 – 9.50μg.L–1) and Zn2+ (0 – 200.00μg.L–1) with EC50 of 1.80 and 126.90μg.L–1, respectively. The mixture of Cd2+ – Zn2+ containing 1.80μgCd.L–1 was toxic to D. magna at the end concentrations of the trial with a mortality rate of up to 81.50% of individuals. At the concentration range of 0 – 140.00μgZn.L–1, the organism is protected from chronic toxicity of Cd2+, hence it does not affect the maturation and reproduction of D. magna. The research results are the basis for studying the toxicity of other metals on microcrustaceans to assess the quality of aquatic ecosystems and human health.
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