Analysis of Reproductive Performance of the Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in the Application of Biofloc and Non-Biofloc Technology

      This study evaluated the reproductive performance of the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in biofloc and non-biofloc systems. An experimental approach was used, with fish cultured under controlled conditions and reproductive parameters—fecundity, egg diameter, and gonadal maturity—analyzed at 3, 4, and 5 months of age. Data were statistically assessed using an Independent Sample T-Test. The results showed no significant differences between the two systems in fecundity, egg diameter, gonadal maturity levels, or gonadal maturity index (P> 0.05). However, the highest fecundity was observed in the non-biofloc system, while the largest egg diameter was recorded in the biofloc system. The histological analysis of gonadal maturity levels indicated variations in developmental stages between the two systems, though the gonadal maturity index did not significantly differ. These findings suggest that both culture methods effectively support reproductive performance. Beyond protein, macronutrients such as lipids and vitamins should be considered, as deficiencies may hinder reproductive productivity. Optimizing culture conditions and nutrient balance is crucial for sustainable and efficient tilapia aquaculture. Further research is needed to refine biofloc applications and to enhance long-term reproductive outcomes.