Occurrence of Non-Indigenous Epinephelus malabaricus, Abudefduf vaigiensis, and Acanthocybium solandri with Positive View of the Lionfish Expanding, Safety Processing, Nutritional Values, and Further Control Along the Egyptian Mediterranean Coast

This study reported non-indigenous species for the first time along the Egyptian Mediterranean coast, including Epinephelus malabaricus, Abudefduf vaigiensis, and Acanthocybium solandri, as well as filling the gap for two lionfish species (Pterois miles and P. volitans). Specimens and data were collected from 2021 to 2023 for the first three species and identified morphologically. For lionfish, specimens were collected from 2016 to 2024, along with relevant fisheries data, distribution, safety, processing, consumption precautions, nutritional values, venom treatment, and further control. Lionfish species P. miles (13–42cm TL) and the newly reported P. volitans (15–35cm TL) are mainly found in trawl and longliner fisheries from Alexandria to Sallum, in sandy-rocky habitats at depths up to 30m, with a minor presence in trammel nets. P. miles is more predominant. Consumption is safe when proper handling and processing procedures are followed. Symptoms from lionfish spine stings, such as pain and swelling, were detected but resolved with simple treatment, without fatal effects. The price has increased from 10 to 70 LE per kg, adding a positive socio-economic value. Nutritional values for P. miles muscles showed high crude protein (78.97±7.57% for large specimens, 81.46±7.35% for small ones). The amino acid profile included 16 amino acids (8 essential, 8 non-essential), with good levels of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids. This study highlighted the benefits of lionfish species and recommends continuous monitoring of non-indigenous species, assessing their positive and negative ecosystem impacts. For lionfish control, fishing by skilled spearfishermen could be aligned with socio-economic and food strategies, without compromising conservation efforts. Additionally, the Malabar grouper (E. malabaricus) may be useful in biological control of lionfish. Public awareness is needed regarding the risk of handling both live and dead lionfish due to their venomous spines.