Investigating Fish Composition and Diversity About Physicochemical Oceanographic Conditions Captured in the Cape Region, Bone Gulf, South Sulawesi, Indonesia

       Coastal areas, especially around headlands, are crucial for maintaining biodiversity in coastal ecosystems. However, environmental factors and anthropogenic pressures can threaten their sustainability. This study aimed to analyze the influence of variations in environmental factors on the most abundant fish species in coastal headlands, as well as the impact of seasonal changes on the composition, structure, and diversity of fish communities in Bone District, South Sulawesi. Fish catch data were collected at three fishing stations using passive traps (sero) four times a month from February to November 2023. Environmental conditions, including temperature, current speed, pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen (DO), turbidity, and phosphate, were measured. The results revealed that 69 fish species from 42 families were found, with a total of 2,059 individuals. Fish diversity was higher at stations II (diversity index 3.17) and III (3.32) compared to station I (2.6). Environmental factors affecting fish abundance included DO, current speed, pH, and salinity. Most fish species were categorized as Least Concern (LC) according to the IUCN. The sustainability of coastal habitats is essential for maintaining species diversity, with ongoing management recommendations that consider climate change, pollution, and human impacts. Further research is needed to monitor changes in seasonality and habitat quality.