Toxicity of Aspergillus niger Fungus Against Biomphalaria alexandrina Snails and Schistosoma mansoni Free Larval Stages

Aspergillus niger is a one-of-a-kind fungus with benefits for both
terrestrial and aquatic species, although research on the effects of A. niger on
aquatic animal species is limited. The present study investigated the impact of
Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, and Alternaria alternate filtrates on Biomphalaria
alexandrina snails (the main intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni in
Egypt). Moreover, the effect of A. niger (the most toxic fungus) filtrate was
assessed against infected B. alexandrina snails with S. mansoni, in addition to its
efficacy against S. mansoni free larval stages. Aspergillus niger had more
toxicity (100 % mortality) than A. flavus (40% mortality), while Alternaria
alternate did not affect B. alexandrina snails. Chronic exposure to sub-lethal
concentrations of A. niger caused histopathological changes in the head-foot,
digestive gland, kidney, and hermaphrodite gland of B. alexandrina snails.
Furthermore, after exposure to the determined sub-lethal concentrations of A.
niger, both uninfected and infected snails with S. mansoni showed low survival
rates. In addition, the lethal time for miracidia and cercariae after exposure to
LC25 of A. niger was 130 and 200 minutes, respectively. Additionally, exposure
to sub-lethal A niger concentrations resulted in a significant decrease in the
infection rate and mean total count of cercariae shed per snail, as well as the shed
of aberrant cercariae. In conclusion, Aspergillus niger filtrate had a potent
molluscicidal activity against B. alexandrina, and a damaging effect on cercariae,
hence it can play a role in reducing schistosomiasis.



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