Genotoxicity of Withania somnifera Leaf Extracts on the Marine Diatom Cylindrotheca closterium (Ehrenberg) Reimann & Lewin

Allelochemicals disintegrate more readily and tend to pose less of a risk
to non-target organisms, making them a safer, less intrusive, and
ecologically friendly alternative to conventional pest management methods.
The production of allelochemicals with algicidal properties was
demonstrated in this research. Methanol, ethyl acetate, hexane and pet-ether
extracts of Withania somnifera were used to inhibit the growth of
Cylindrotheca closterium. The results demonstrated that C. closterium
growth in the hexane extract of W. somnifera showed a decreasing trend,
peaking at 0.021 at 0 minutes and decreasing to 0.009 after 120 minutes.
After being exposed to W. somnifera hexane extract, algal cells shrank in
size and took on a pale, nearly colorless appearance. In addition, the cell
wall shrank and became irregular. The results demonstrated the primary
ingredient in several extracts was different fatty acids. The primer
(5'd[GGTGCGGGAA]-3') that was applied had the highest polymorphism
and reflected 71% of the genetic variation for C. closterium after it was
exposed to four solvents containing W. somnifera extract as the active
component. In contemporary research, the emphasis is largely on with
molecular and genetic pathways receiving significant attention. In contrast,
micro-perspectives including gene expression studies are comparatively
rare.



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