Spatial Distribution of Appropriate Aquatic Mosquitos’ Larval Sites Occurrence Using Integration of Field Data and GIS Techniques

Mosquitoes are the most important vectors of several serious diseases. They can transmit filaria, malaria, dengue fever, Rift Valley fever virus, West Nile virus zika (ZIKV) and chikungunya (CHIKV). The spatial distribution analysis of mosquito occurrence increases our understanding of the Nile Valley transmitted diseases locality, which helps the decision makers to find alternative plans to reduce the disease spread. This paper examined patterns of environmental variability of mosquito species locality using spatial distribution models. The present study aimed to identify environmental characteristics associated with mosquito breeding sites in Gharbia Governorate, Egypt using geographical information system (GIS), field surveys and analyses of mosquito larvae and breeding water. Spatial distribution models were performed by ArcGIS ^(10.8) and statistically analyzed by R package. The results recorded the occurrence of Culex pipiens, Cx. Perexiguus, Cx. antennatus and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus in El Gharbia Governorate, Egypt, and the most common species was Culex pipiens. The highest diversity was (D = 0.831), and the species richness (S) recorded was 13 in Tanta City. The results revealed that regarding TDS, an insignificant variation (P> 0.05) was detected between all studied sites and (Temperature and PH), (TDS), (PH), (TDS and Temperature) and (TDS) that were the most effective parameters in controlling species abundance within each studied site, compared to the remaining parameters.