Applications of Marine Bacteria in the Aquaculture Industry for Improving Water Quality and Treating Microbial Attack

Marine bacteria are one of the most important sources of novel enzymes (such as lipase, chitinase, etc.) in the domain of industry. The importance of biofilm-forming bacteria for heavy metal bioremediation has been previously described in many studies. Some bacterial processes are included in heavy metal metabolism and detoxification. Because the expenses of the gas and oil industries, aquaculture, desalination plants, maritime transport, and other industries are so high, numerous solutions for preventing biofilm formation and cleaning contaminated surfaces have been developed. Biological filters might be a viable option for producing high water quality while conserving water in a recirculation aquaculture system. In a recirculating aquaculture system, the biofilters can remove nitrate, nitrite, and ammonia from wastewater, particularly through denitrification and nitrification processes, which are the objects of biological wastewater treatment. Probiotics are increasingly being utilized as a supplement in aquaculture to improve the quality and safety of protein output. Probiotics have been applied to rearing water, complicating the concept by using terminology, such as biocontrol, bioremediation and bioaugmentation. They can be utilized in aquaculture in a variety of ways, including direct immersion in water, feeding, or injection, and they can be singularly utilized or in combination. The use of bacteria aggregated or kept together in a medium with particle organic matter is known as biofloctechnology, which improved water quality and boosted aquaculture growth. On the other hand, the production of nanoparticles is an important tool for inhibiting biofouling, and it is used in aquaculture to maintain and preserve water quality and reduce economic losses.