A Promising Approach to Control Aquatic Developmental Stages of Culex Cx. univittatus Theobald, 1901 Using 4G Mobile (HSDPA 2100) Radiation

The International Telecommunication Union reported more than 7 billion cellphone subscriptions worldwide. Therefore, the net result is the production of a number of biological effects on the whole biomolecules, cells, and organisms. Such effects induced changes in the intracellular ion concentrations, the rate of the composition of different biomolecules, cell reproduction rates, and animal reproductive capacity. Biologically, The emitted electromagnetic field (EMF) impacted the exposed insect populations. Both the larval instars and the pupal lifespan were significantly depressed due to exposure to mobile radiation. Additionally, the failure of adult emergence increased significantly. Moreover, the sex ratio of Cx. (Cx.) univitattus was significantly affected by exposure to mobile radiation. The duration of the first larval instar declined from 1.36 ± 0.13 days, compared to 0.90 ± 0.34 (P< 0.01) days for both the control and the exposed larvae, respectively. Meanwhile, the durations of the second larval instar decreased from 2.53 ± 0.27 to 1.2 ± 0.09 days for both the control and the exposed larvae (P< 0.05), respectively. Moreover, the duration of the third larval instar was declined from 3.78 ± 0.40, compared to 1.09 ± 0.05 days for both the control larvae and the exposed larvae group (P< 0.05), respectively. Additionally, the duration of the fourth larval instar decreased (5.27 ± 0.9 days) for the exposed larvae group compared to the control (8.33 ± 2.18 days; P < 0.001). The total larval duration was 16.00 ± 2.98 days compared to 8.46 ± 1.38 days for both the control and the exposed larvae (P< 0.001), respectively. Meanwhile, the pupal lifespan was significantly affected by the exposure to mobile radiation (2.2 ± 0.1 days, and 2.5 ± 0.9 days; P< 0.05) for the control and the exposed pupae, respectively. The adult emergency was significantly affected by the exposure to mobile radiation (4:3, and 16:1; P< 0.001) for the control and the exposed groups, respectively. The same pattern was true for the males and females emergency, which was significantly affected (1:1.8) for males, and (1:2.7) females of both the control group and the exposed groups, respectively.