Bugis et al., R. (2023). Physicochemical and Bacteriological Assessment of some Groundwaters in Al-Khoarah, Rabigh Governorate, Makkah Province, Saudi Arabia. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries, 27(3), 87-108. doi: 10.21608/ejabf.2023.299579
Raid M. Bugis et al.. "Physicochemical and Bacteriological Assessment of some Groundwaters in Al-Khoarah, Rabigh Governorate, Makkah Province, Saudi Arabia". Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries, 27, 3, 2023, 87-108. doi: 10.21608/ejabf.2023.299579
Bugis et al., R. (2023). 'Physicochemical and Bacteriological Assessment of some Groundwaters in Al-Khoarah, Rabigh Governorate, Makkah Province, Saudi Arabia', Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries, 27(3), pp. 87-108. doi: 10.21608/ejabf.2023.299579
Bugis et al., R. Physicochemical and Bacteriological Assessment of some Groundwaters in Al-Khoarah, Rabigh Governorate, Makkah Province, Saudi Arabia. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries, 2023; 27(3): 87-108. doi: 10.21608/ejabf.2023.299579
Physicochemical and Bacteriological Assessment of some Groundwaters in Al-Khoarah, Rabigh Governorate, Makkah Province, Saudi Arabia
Before using well water for human health maintenance, its quality and compatibility for human and agricultural consumption require regular evaluation. Thus, ten water samples were collected from ten wells scattered in the area of Al-Khoarah of Rabigh, Makkah Province, Saudia Arabia. Samples were analyzed for physical, chemical, and microbiological parameters, including salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), anions (F-1, NO3-1, SO4-2, Cl-1), Cations (K+, Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+) and heavy metals (Cr, Cd, Be, Ba, As, Al, Ag, Zn, Sb, Se, Pb, Hg & Cu). In addition, bacteriological assessment (Total coliform bacteria, fecal coliform bacteria & total bacterial count) was addressed in this study. The physical, chemical, and microbiological analyses were compared to the standards of the World Health Organization, the Saudi Standards Organization (SASO), and the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCCS). Following WHO guidelines, the total hardness, EC, and salinity of water samples from all wells were significantly higher than the permissible limits. The anions were found to be below the WHO's acceptable standards for drinking water quality; whereas, the cations exceeded the WHO's allowable limits. Six water wells were contaminated with fecal coliform bacteria, suggesting that the water was unsafe for human consumption.
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