Estimation of tilapia fish quality in Lake Edku through physiological analyses regarding trace element accumulation, antioxidant enzymes, proximate composition, and human health risk assessment as the ultimate consumer

Lake Edku is one of the most important northern lakes whose people with limited income depend on its fish as a cheap source of food. In 2016, the Egyptian government has developed a strategy to develop the historical and economic value of northern lakes included Edku Lake within the Egypt vision 2030. That is why this study was conducted to monitor the physiological state of tilapia fish caught by different fishermen around the Edku lagoon. The results reported that the highest concentration was for As in O. aureus (2.16±0.3μg/g), which increased the safe limits permitted by FAO/WHO, EU' and the EOSQC. S. galilaeus was recorded the lowest Hg level (0.35±0.1 μg/g). The results estimated that the highest mean carbohydrate (13.85±1.26), fats (22.26±1.32), and water content (77.66±0.62%) were found in O. aureus. Otherwise, the largest ash (10.66 ± 1.72%) and protein (65.16±1.27) concentrations were recorded in S. galilaeus. The current study showed that S. galilaeus had the highest activity of antioxidant enzymes in the liver. The present study suggested that the children should intake less than 18.51g/day or 129.62g/week O. niloticus muscle, 13.761g/day or 96.33 g/week O. aureus muscle, and 16.66g/day or 116.66 g/week S. galilaeus muscle. Youth, on the other hand, should consume no more than 49.38g/day or 345.67g/week O. niloticus muscle, 36.69g/day or 256.88g/week O. aureus muscles, and 44.44g/day or 311.11g/week S. galilaeus muscle. Finally, adults should intake fewer than 84.65g of O. niloticus muscle per day or 592.59g per week, 62.90g of O. aureus muscle per day or 440.36g per week, and 47.61g of S. galilaeus muscle per day or 333.33g per week.