Optimization and Kinetic studies of biodiesel production from the green alga Ulva fasciata Delile

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In this investigation, optimization experiments were carried on lipid extraction and biodiesel production parameters from Ulva fasciata as a potential feed stock. This study was carried by running one to one optimization model. The results showed that, the highest yield and the best quality of biodiesel was achieved at the optimum condition of <0.16 mm algal particle size, 55oC extraction temperature, 25:1 v/w solvent to solid ratio, 60 min extraction time and 250 rpm shaking speed, using chloroform:  methanol: H2O (2: 2: 1) solvent mixture. The recorded lipid yield was 28.84 mg g-1 with total fatty acids ΣTFAs content 1148.94 µg g-1, saturated fatty acids ΣSFAs=979.43 µg g-1, monounsaturated ΣMUFAs=136.98 µg g-1 and polyunsaturated ΣPUFAs fatty acids =32.53 µg g-1. The quality of the  produced biodiesel at these optimum conditions was determined by its physicochemical properties which showed a very high quality. Cetane number (CN) was 73.21, while kinematic viscosity (υ), density (ρ), higher heating value (HHV) and iodine value (IV) were 4.68 mm2s-1, 0.87 g cm-3, 39.85 MJ kg-1 and 18.48 gI2100g-1fat, respectively. Other properties such as degree of unsaturation (DU), saponification value (SV) and long chain saturation factor (LCSF) recorded 17.58, 200.66mg KOHg-1 and 23.06, respectively. On the other hand, Linolenic acid (C18:3) % and Polyunsaturated fatty acid methyl esters containing ≥ 4 double bonds % recorded 0.68% and 0.98%, respectively. The initial extraction rate (h) was 6.169 ml g-1 min-1; the extraction capacity (Cs) was 31.036 g ml-1; the second order extraction constant (k) was 0.0064 ml g-1 min-1 and the coefficient of determination (R2) was 0.9994.

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