Inactivation of Toxocara vitulorum eggs by Ammonia in combination with solar energy

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Eggs of  intestinal parasitic helminthes Toxocara  spp. are one of the most resistant pathogens to all ways of water disinfection at  waste water treatment plants.  In this study inactivation of(Toxocara vitulorum) eggs by ammonia and solar energy in laboratory conditions has been indicated. Toxocara vitulorum eggs were used as an alternative model for Ascaris lumbricoides. Eggs in samples with ammonia different concentrations (0%, 1%, and 2% ) and pH values were duplicated and  the results suggested that the presence of ammonia at (2%) concentration allowed 70% inactivation of eggs. The applicability of solar energy for disinfection ofeggs using one-side blackened  PET bottles were continuously exposed to direct sun light for 7 hours with water temperature in the range of 50 – 65.5 °C that was enough for destroying 95 % of eggs. Complete destruction of the eggs was achieved at 65.5°C.The influence of solar energy against the viability ofeggs in water using Diamidino-2-Phenylindole (DAPI) and Propidium Iodide (PI) vital stains was found to be highly significant (P < 0.001). The combined effect of ammonia and solar energy on  samples containing eggs with temperature 55°C within 21 days of storage within experiment operated in lab . The effect of ammonia and solar energy on viability of eggs using scanning electron microscope , (DAPI); and Propidium Iodide ( PI) vital stain were evaluated. The results showed that 100 % inactivation of eggs  could be possible in samples, supporting  results have an important implication for ecological sanitation and sustainable development technologies in water and waste water treatment plants. The low cost and operational simplicity of this study make it affordable and usable especially in rural areas where other sources of energy like electricity and gas are not easily available. 

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