Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1
Doctoral Student of Coastal and Marine Resources Management Study Program, Department of Aquatic Resources Management, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, IPB University, Dramaga, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia
2
Department of Aquatic Resources Management, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, IPB University, Dramaga, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia Center for Environmental Research, International Research Institute for Environment and Climate
3
Department of Aquatic Resources Management, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, IPB University, Dramaga, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia
4
Department of Aquatic Resources Management, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, IPB University, Dramaga, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia Doctoral Student of Ecology, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
10.21608/ejabf.2025.433488.6820
Abstract
Coastal fishery resources are among the most vulnerable components of marine ecosystems due to environmental changes and anthropogenic activities originating from terrestrial areas. One of the key approaches to managing these resources is through the assessment of fish biodiversity. Traditional sampling methods, however, tend to cause habitat disturbances, necessitating more environmentally friendly alternatives such as environmental DNA (eDNA). This study aims to compare fish biodiversity detected using eDNA and traditional methods in the coastal waters of Eretan, as well as analyzing biodiversity indices—including Shannon, Simpson, Pielou, Berger–Parker, and species richness—across both approaches. The research was conducted in October 2024 at three sampling stations along the Eretan coastal area, Indramayu, West Java, Indonesia. Fish were collected using traditional mini trawl fishing and seawater samples for eDNA analysis. Data processing and analysis were carried out using R Studio software, encompassing comparative analysis, relative abundance, and biodiversity index calculations with various statistical packages. The results revealed that the eDNA method detected a total of 43 fish species, whereas the traditional mini trawl method identified 31 species, with 15 species shared between both methods. Biodiversity indices were consistently higher in the eDNA dataset, with Shannon index ranging from 2.00–2.32, Simpson index from 0.75–0.86, and species richness between 27–39 species, compared to 1.79–2.28, 0.75–0.83, and 16–28 species, respectively, for the traditional method. The findings indicate that eDNA metabarcoding provides a broader representation of fish community structure than conventional trawl sampling. Therefore, integrating molecular and traditional approaches enhances the accuracy of biodiversity assessment and offers a reliable foundation for sustainable management of the Eretan coastal ecosystem within the WPPNRI 712 fisheries area.
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