Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1
Department Agricultural Product Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Khairun University, Ternate, Indonesia
2
Faculty of Fisheries and Food Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
3
Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, Khairun University, Ternate 9717, Indonesia
4
Department Agricultural Product Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Khairun University, Ternate 9717, Indonesia
5
Animal Husbandry Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Khairun, Ternate, North Maluku, Indonesia
Abstract
Although chitosan from the waste of the sea urchin Tripneustes gratilla has the potential to be developed into a nanoparticle product through a variety of evolving methods, it is not yet known which method is most effective for producing high-quality nanoparticles with optimal physicochemical properties and how these methods affect their characteristics and potential applications. This study aimed to characterize chitosan sea urchin nanoparticles (NPs CsSU) produced using the bead-milling method with Tween-80 surfactant at different concentrations. NPs CsSU and TPP were mixed using a dropwise technique to prevent reagglomeration in the suspension, followed by the addition of Tween-80 surfactant at concentrations of 0, 30, 60, and 90% (v/v) to obtain NPs CsSU. The analysis results showed that NPs CsSU had moisture content ranging from 12.73 to 18.37% and lightness (L) values between 60.26 and 88.74. The average particle size (d50) ranged from 75 to 528nm, with the lowest polydispersity index (PI = 0.72) observed at 60% (v/v) Tween-80. The FTIR spectra indicated strong peaks in the range of 3480– 3400cm⁻¹, corresponding to hydrogen-bonded O–H vibrations. SEM analysis revealed more uniform morphology and smaller particle sizes, averaging below 100nm at 60% (v/v) Tween-80. The zeta potential values were 1.94, 3.63, 0.58, and 0.42mV, each showing only one peak. Meanwhile, the XRD spectrum showed a diffraction peak at 2θ = 19.05°, indicating lower crystallinity with an amorphous structure. As a conclusion that characterization of chitosan ion interactions with tween-80 showed an influence in the formation of chitosan sea urchin nanoparticle (NPs CsSU) polymers due to the use of surfactant media in chitosan suspensions using a beads-milling method.
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