Characterization of Marine Primary Productivity as a Source of Fish Nutrition Using UFL+ (Underwater Fish Lamp Plus) Integrated with a Real-Time Sensor-Based System

Nur, Muhammad; Fajriah, Fajriah; Zulkifli, Zulkifli; Isamu, Kobajashi Togo; Abidin, Muhammad Sainal

doi:10.21608/ejabf.2025.428033.6681

Characterization of Marine Primary Productivity as a Source of Fish Nutrition Using UFL+ (Underwater Fish Lamp Plus) Integrated with a Real-Time Sensor-Based System

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

¹ Agribusiness Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Muhammadiyah Kendari, Jati Raya, Jl. K.H. Ahmad Dahlan No. 10, Wowawanggu, Kadia District, Kendari City, Southeast Sulawesi 93127, Indonesia.

² Department of Fisheries Resource Utilization, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Kendari, Jati Raya, Jl. K.H. Ahmad Dahlan No. 10, Wowawanggu, Kadia District, Kendari City, Southeast Sulawesi 93127, Indonesia.

³ Management Study Program, Faculty of Islamic Economics and Business, Universitas Muhammadiyah Kendari, Jati Raya, Jl. K.H. Ahmad Dahlan No. 10, Wowawanggu, Kadia District, Kendari City, Southeast Sulawesi 93127, Indonesia.

⁴ Department of Fisheries Product Technology, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Universitas Halu Oleo, 93232, Indonesia

⁵ Electrical Medical Technology Study Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Mandala Waluya Kendari, 93561. Indonesia.

10.21608/ejabf.2025.428033.6681

Abstract

Marine primary productivity underpins aquatic food webs and determines nutrient availability for fish populations. Light spectrum and depth significantly influence phytoplankton photosynthesis, yet their interactive effects in tropical marine environments remain insufficiently quantified. This study evaluated the effects of Underwater Fish Lamp Plus (UFL+) with green and orange light spectra on chlorophyll-a concentration, plankton community structure, and environmental parameters in Tondonggeu coastal waters, Kendari, Indonesia. Experiments were conducted at depths of 5, 10, and 15m. Chlorophyll-a was measured spectrophotometrically; plankton were identified microscopically, and ecological indices of diversity (H′) and evenness (E) were calculated. Real-time data on light intensity, temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, and turbidity were recorded by integrated sensors. Green UFL+ illumination significantly increased chlorophyll-a concentration (1.11mg m⁻³), plankton abundance (1.47 × 10⁴ cells L⁻¹), diversity (H′ = 1.81), and evenness (E = 0.83) compared with orange light (0.950 mg m⁻³; 1.20 × 10⁴ cells L⁻¹; H′ = 1.60; E = 0.78). Green light penetrated deeper (2,100 lux at 15m) than orange light (1,000 lux), with optimal productivity observed at 10m depth where temperature (27–29 °C), salinity (30–31 ppt), and dissolved oxygen (6.7–6.9 mg L⁻¹) remained stable. UFL+ with green light enhances marine primary productivity and plankton community stability through improved light penetration. The integration of UFL+ and real-time sensors offers a novel approach for monitoring ecosystem dynamics and supporting sustainable, ecosystem-based fisheries management.

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