Water Scarcity Review; Challenges and Future Prospects, A Case Study in Egypt

Khedr, Alaa I.; Ghannam, Hala Elshahat; Talab, Abdelrahman

doi:10.21608/ejabf.2025.411306.6353

Water Scarcity Review; Challenges and Future Prospects, A Case Study in Egypt

Document Type : Review articles

Authors

¹ National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, (NIOF), Cairo, Egypt

² National Insitute of Oceanography and Fisheries, NIOF, Cairo, Egypt

10.21608/ejabf.2025.411306.6353

Abstract

A major global challenge is ensuring access to clean drinking water as freshwater resources become increasingly scarce. This review presented an overview of the causes, types, aspects, future challenges, and potential solutions to water scarcity, using Egypt as a case study. It highlighted Egypt’s current water situation, the factors contributing to scarcity, and the types of water resources available in the country. Several measures implemented by Egypt to mitigate water scarcity risks and manage water resources were also discussed. Improving river water quality forecasting is essential to support sustainable water management strategies. Brackish and seawater desalination represent promising options to alleviate scarcity; however, these technologies remain constrained by high costs, intensive energy requirements, and the environmental impacts of hypersaline effluents. The insights from this review provide valuable guidance for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners working to safeguard water resources globally.

Keywords