Effectiveness of Decaying Fruits as Carbon Source on Fish Productivity and Water Quality Improvement in Aquaculture: A Narrative Review

Et Al., Kurniawan

doi:10.21608/ejabf.2025.446023

Effectiveness of Decaying Fruits as Carbon Source on Fish Productivity and Water Quality Improvement in Aquaculture: A Narrative Review

Author

Kurniawan et al.

10.21608/ejabf.2025.446023

Abstract

Aquaculture waste, particularly nitrogen-related waste, contributes to water quality deterioration and reduced fish productivity. Conversely, decaying fruit, when used as a carbon source, can stimulate the growth of heterotrophic microbes that help control nitrogenous waste through denitrification. This review aimed to explore the role of decaying fruit as an organic material and plant-based carbon source for managing aquaculture water quality before fish stocking in ponds and for promoting fish growth. It highlights the potential of decaying fruit as a carbon source in water, facilitating the denitrification of organic waste originating from feed, feces, and metabolic byproducts in fish farming. Additionally, decaying fruit can serve as a supplemental feed source, improving pellet feed utilization. Moreover, its use may enhance water quality while supporting beneficial gut microbiota, growth performance, immune function, and overall fish health.

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