A Biological and Reproduction Profile of the Blood Cockle (Tegillarca granosa Linnaeus, 1758) Captured by Fishermen in North Aceh

Blood cockles (Tegillarca granosa Linnaeus, 1758) play a significant economic and ecological role in North Aceh’s fisheries sector, serving as both a protein source and an environmental bioindicator due to their sensitivity to habitat changes. This study aimed to support sustainable management by examining morphology, reproductive status, water quality, and environmental influences. From May to June 2024, samples were collected from three coastal sites and analyzed for morphometric parameters, allometry, condition factor, meat yield, sex ratio, gonadal maturity, heavy metal concentrations (Pb and Zn), and water quality. Findings show relatively uniform shell length and body weight, with males generally larger than females. ANOVA revealed significant differences in total and flesh weight between sites, suggesting environmental influence. Growth efficiency varied: males at Station 1 showed positive allometry (b = 2.56), while females at Station 2 showed negative allometry (b = 0.76). The sex ratio was male-skewed, particularly at Station 2 (3.17:1), possibly due to ecological or reproductive factors. Most individuals were immature or in developmental stages, with no spawning observed, indicating seasonal or environmental constraints on reproduction. Heavy metal concentrations were within acceptable safety standards, though correlations between metal levels and weight suggest potential bioaccumulation. Water quality parameters (salinity, pH, and dissolved oxygen) met acceptable limits, although temperature fluctuations may induce stress. In conclusion, morphometric traits showed no significant differences between sexes or locations, condition factors remained stable, and reproductive stages were predominantly immature. Although heavy metal levels were safe, bioaccumulation remains a concern. Future research should expand spatial coverage, include additional contaminants, and assess broader environmental influences on cockle populations. Limitations of this study include restricted sampling areas, focus on only two heavy metals, and a limited reproductive observation period.