Monitoring of Water Quality and Pollution Index in Intensive Pacific White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Cultivation in Buleleng Regency, Bali Province, Indonesia

Litopenaeus vannamei is one of the main commodities of the aquaculture sector in Indonesia. To support export needs to several countries, intensification activities in L. vannamei cultivation have been carried out in several regions in Indonesia including the North Coast of Bali Province. This intensification activity is one of the causes of the decline in the quality of the coastal environment due to the high supply of organic waste materials that are related to the coastal environment without prior processing. This study aimed to asses the quality of wastewater from L. vannamei cultivation that had been carried out in Gerokgak District, Buleleng Regency, Bali Province. The results of this study showed that temperature, turbidity, DO, BOD, COD, nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, and organic substances in wastewater had significant differences between sampling locations. The highest water pollution index analysis occurred at station 3 in Patas Village with a "heavy pollution" index value. The pH, temperature, and COD values were among the factors affecting the quality of L. vannamei pond wastewater in general based on PCA analysis. The findings of this study confirmed that wastewater from L. vannamei cultivation using an intensive system may reduce water quality in coastal areas, therefore it is highly recommended to install a wastewater treatment plant to support a sustainable aquaculture system.