Potential Effect of Acalypha indica Extract as Antimicrobial Agent Against Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Enhancer of the Growth of Litopenaeus vannamei

Acalypha indica has been widely recognized for its medicinal properties, yet its potential application in aquaculture remains underexplored. This study evaluated the antimicrobial effects of Acalypha indica extract against Vibrio parahaemolyticus and its impact on the growth performance of Litopenaeus vannamei. The study utilized ethanolic extracts of A. indica at varying concentrations (1%, 3%, and 5%), incorporated into shrimp feed. A complete randomized design was applied, with four treatment groups, including a control, each with three replications. Antibacterial activity was assessed through inhibition zone measurement, while shrimp growth was evaluated based on average daily gain (ADG) and survival rate (SR). Phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, and terpenoids in the extract. The results showed that A. indica extract exhibited antimicrobial activity, with a 5% concentration demonstrating the highest inhibition against V. parahaemolyticus. Shrimp fed with the 5% extract exhibited significantly higher ADG (2.73g) compared to the control (1.65g), suggesting enhanced growth performance. The study concludes that A. indica extract at 5% concentration is effective in inhibiting V. parahaemolyticus, while improving shrimp growth. Further research is recommended to investigate its long-term effects and optimal dosage for commercial application.