et al., G. (2025). Assessment of Oxidative Stress in the Freshwater Fish (Cyprinus carpio) Exposed to Lead Dioxide. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries, 29(1), 2717-2731. doi: 10.21608/ejabf.2025.414815
Ghorab et al.. "Assessment of Oxidative Stress in the Freshwater Fish (Cyprinus carpio) Exposed to Lead Dioxide". Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries, 29, 1, 2025, 2717-2731. doi: 10.21608/ejabf.2025.414815
et al., G. (2025). 'Assessment of Oxidative Stress in the Freshwater Fish (Cyprinus carpio) Exposed to Lead Dioxide', Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries, 29(1), pp. 2717-2731. doi: 10.21608/ejabf.2025.414815
et al., G. Assessment of Oxidative Stress in the Freshwater Fish (Cyprinus carpio) Exposed to Lead Dioxide. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries, 2025; 29(1): 2717-2731. doi: 10.21608/ejabf.2025.414815
Assessment of Oxidative Stress in the Freshwater Fish (Cyprinus carpio) Exposed to Lead Dioxide
To assess ecotoxicological risks, scientists use biomarkers to detect early signs of pollution. Various biochemical and cellular biomarkers, particularly those related to oxidative stress, have been studied in aquatic organisms, particularly fish, and are recommended for monitoring water quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate lead bioaccumulation and oxidative stress biomarkers in the organs of C. carpio exposed to different doses of lead dioxide (LD10, LD50, and LD90) in the laboratory. The analysis of animal tissue using atomic absorption spectroscopy showed significant lead accumulation in the gills, liver, and muscle of carp treated with LD10, LD50, and LD90. This study illustrated that fish could accumulate lead in their organs when exposed to high doses, regardless of whether the organs are in direct contact with water or not. The findings from biochemical biomarker assays indicate that freshwater animals undergo oxidative stress, which impacts enzymes and substrates responsible for their regulation. This biochemical response is evident in the different organs of both control and treated C. carpio, as evidenced by an increase in CAT and GST activity in the gills, liver, and muscles, with a higher increase observed in carp treated with lead dioxide in the following order: LD50 > LD10 > LD90. Moreover, a decrease was recorded in the glutathione (GSH) level in the organs of treated carp, followed by an increase in the MDA level in the organs (liver, gills, and muscle) of carp treated at different doses compared to controls. This response varies depending on the concentration of the pollutant studied and the organ.
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