Sub-Lethal Effects of Profex Super on Hematological, Biochemical, and Histopathological Responses in Clarias magur (Hamilton, 1822)

Pesticides pose a threat to the environment and can be harmful to human health. Freshwater fishes are negatively impacted by the pesticides that runoff from agricultural activities. The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of the commonly used organophosphate pesticide, Profex Super, on the freshwater catfish Clarias magur. To study the potential hazards of Profex Super, the fishes were collected and acclimatized for a week, grouped, and exposed to experimental doses of 0.05 and 0.1µl/ L for 24 and 48 hours for each of the doses to determine the changes in hematological, biochemical, and histopathological responses. The LC50 value of Profex was found as 1µl/ L in Clarias magur. The study indicated a significant decrease in hemoglobin, RBCs, and hematocrit levels, accompanied by a dramatic increase in white blood cells. The histological study of the Profex-treated fishes revealed various alterations in important organs, such as the kidney and liver. In the liver of the treated fishes, distortion of the central vein and portal vein along with lymphocyte infiltration was observed in the 0.1µl/ L treated groups. Degenerative changes were also observed in the kidney tissues at the dose of 0.1µl/ L. A significant decrease in liver protein and blood glucose levels was observed in Profex-treated fish at 0.1µl/ L for both durations. However, it was more pronounced during the 48-hour treatment period. The current study's findings showed that exposure to the organophosphate Profex Super led to changes in hematological and biochemical profiles, as well as histopathological responses in the freshwater catfish, Clarias magur.