Impact of Addition of Purple Miana Leaf Extract (Coleus scutellarioides L. Benth) to Feed on Total Hemocytes and Phagocytic Activity of the Black Tiger Prawns (Penaeus monodon)

Miana leaves are known to possess bacterial inhibitory properties comparable to those of antibiotics and can be used to treat vibriosis in shrimp. However, the bioactive compounds in miana leaves and their potential as immunostimulants in feed, particularly their effects on total hemocytes and the phagocytic activity of the tiger prawns, have not yet been fully explored. The experiment used miana leaf extract in feed at concentrations of 0, 10, 20, and 40g/ kg. Bioactive compounds were analyzed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), and statistical analysis of total hemocytes, phagocytic activity, and the tiger prawn survival was performed using the SPSS program. The analysis identified 100 chemical compounds in the ethanol fraction of miana leaf extract. Among these, the three compounds with the highest peak areas were: carbamic acid, methyl ester (CAS methyl carbamate) at 21.13%; 4(5H)-Thiazolone, 2-amino- (CAS pseudothiohydantoin) at 16.16%; and Cyclotrisiloxane, hexamethyl- (CAS 1,1,3,3,5,5-hexamethyl-cyclohexasiloxane) at 20.50%. The experimental results showed that the miana leaf extract significantly affected phagocytic activity and survival but did not influence the total hemocytes of the tiger prawns. The highest values for phagocytic activity, survival, and total hemocytes were observed in the 40g/ kg treatment, with values of 76%, 6.25 x 10^5 CFU/mL, and 86.67%, respectively. In conclusion, miana leaf extract contains active antibacterial, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory compounds, and it enhances total hemocytes, phagocytic activity, and the survival of the tiger prawns.