The synergistic effect of dietary protein and periphyton enhances the growth, feed consumption, and gene expression of Litopenaeus vannamei in biofloc systems.

The study examined the impacts of varying protein levels and additional substrate area for periphyton formation on the growth and survival of whiteleg shrimp postlarvae reared in a biofloc system. Shrimp postlarvae were stocked in eighteen 100L tanks, each filled with 60L of seawater (28 ‰ salinity). In a 3×2 factorial arrangement, the experimental diets were formulated to contain three varying dietary protein levels (25, 35, and 45% CP). Shrimp diets were prepared and supplied during the subsequent interval of the trial. The dietary protein levels were subjected to study in combinations with two different levels of periphyton surface areas (no periphyton P0% and P100% tank surface area). Different dietary protein and substrate addition levels significantly influenced growth performance, feed utilization, and survival. The dietary protein level in the diets of shrimp postlarvae reared in the Biofloc system can be reduced from 45 to 35% CP without negative effects on growth and feed conversion response. Regardless of the dietary protein level, results indicated much greater benefits for adding periphyton substrate to the shrimp-rearing system. Survival ranged between 76.67 and 91.33% and increased significantly from 84.33 (without substrate) to 91.56% (100% additional substrate area) regardless of the dietary protein level. Irrespective of substrate levels, they were 83.667, 88.167, and 92.0% for 25, 35 and 45% of CP, respectively. Likewise, periphyton enhances the immunity gene expressions of L. vannamei. The artificial substrate has economic advantages and is easy to establish. Although the positive impact for white leg shrimp, there is no interaction between the percentages of protein levels and the presence of absent artificial substrate.



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