Investigating Aquaculture Management Practices and Challenges in Selective Aquaculture Hatcheries Across Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Aquaculture is a rapidly expanding food production industry worldwide, involving the controlled or semi-controlled rearing of aquatic animals. This study aimed to gather data on the management practices and challenges in aquaculture hatcheries across Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The data were collected through structured surveys, field visits, interviews, and focus group discussions with aquaculture hatchery managers, workers, and relevant government officials, focusing on the management practices of fish hatcheries. Warm-water hatcheries had a larger proportion than cold-water hatcheries in terms of surface area, and the numbers of ponds varied between 10 and 80, with a ratio of 60% technical to 80% non-technical staff. The most commonly cultured fish in warm-water hatcheries include Cirrhinus mrigala, Hypophthalmychthys molitrix, Ctenopharyngodon idella, Labeo rohita, Catla catla, and Carassius auratus. Cold-water hatcheries contained Salmo trutta, Oncorhynchus mykiss, and Oncorhynchus mykiss kamloops, while semi-cold water hatcheries had Tor putitora and Carassius auratus. Only 46.70% of hatcheries use hormonal applications for breeding success, such as ovaprim, ovatide, and MS-222. Brooders in hatcheries were fed with oryza, AMG, aquafeed, wheat bran, rice bran, soybean oil, and grasses. The feed of fries consisted of a combination of oryza, AMG, aquafeed, supreme feed, rice bran, wheat bran, egg yolk, soybean, and Chenab feed. The common diseases found in hatcheries across Khyber Pakhtunkhwa were fin rot, proliferative kidney disease (PKD), saprolegnia, branchiomycosis, lernaesis, argulosis, fish ulcer, dropsy, and whirling diseases. The study concluded that most of the hatcheries in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa faced problems, such as the unavailability of laboratories, incomplete staff, electricity problems, water scarcity, infected stream water, and waterlogging. The government is recommended to overcome these basic problems and improve hatchery production to stimulate the province’s economy.



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