Snailicidal, antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer activities of Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae and Paecilomyces lilacinus fungal extracts

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Abstract

Fungi are capable of producing a wide variety of secondary metabolites. Entomopathogenic fungi along with species which parasitize nematodes represent excellent candidates for bioactive compounds production. This study aimed at exploring the snailicidal, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of ethyl acetate and acetone extracts of Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae and Paecilomyces lilacinus.  Ethyl acetate and acetone extracts were prepared and tested against Biomphalaria alexandrina snails, their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities were alsoinvestigated. The anticancer activity of P. lilacinus acetone extract was tested on hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells. Acetone extract of P. lilacinus (LC50 =120 ppm) was more toxic to B. alexandrina snails than that of B. bassiana (LC50= 231 ppm). Sublethal concentrations of both extracts adversely affected survival rate, histological pattern of digestive and hermaphrodite glands of the tested snails, besides their genotoxicity to DNA of snails.  P. lilacinus acetone extract showed the highest antioxidant activity. Also, itsantimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans was high. Moreover, itwas cytotoxic to HepG2 cells (IC50 =2.81 µg/ml). GC/MS analysis indicated the presence of 37 compounds in B. bassiana acetone extract with 2­methylhept­2,6­dien­4­ol and 1,3­dimethoxy­2­(hydroxymethyl)­9h­xanthene as major compounds. While 48 compounds were identified in P. lilacinus acetone extract where hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester and 10, 13­ octadecadienoic acid,  methyl ester were the major compounds. In conclusion, B. bassiana and P. lilacinus are excellent sources of bioactive compounds which have multiple biological effects.

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