Suppressive of hepatotoxicity caused by lead and cadmium in the sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax by using an algal mixture of Spirulina platensis and Chlorella vulgaris

S. Hasanein, Soha; M. Helal, Amr

doi:10.21608/ejabf.2021.212893

Suppressive of hepatotoxicity caused by lead and cadmium in the sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax by using an algal mixture of Spirulina platensis and Chlorella vulgaris

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

10.21608/ejabf.2021.212893

Abstract

Heavy Metals as Cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) are toxic and harmful to humans and animals. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effect of three concentrations of an algal mixture of Spirulina platensis and Chlorella vulgaris in chelating of the mixture of cadmium chloride and lead nitrate in the liver of seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase, the total cytochrome P450 (CYP 450), antioxidant enzymes Superoxide dismutase SOD, Catalase CAT, Glutathione peroxidase Gpx, and non-enzymatic antioxidant metallothionein MTs were measured as biomarkers. n the experimental diets, the first group was fed with a basal diet and lived in seawater (control 1); in other groups, heavy metals (0.003 mg/l of CdCl₂ + 0.003 mg/l Pb(NO₃)₂ were added and fed a basal diet (control 2), or 3% of diet supplemented with the algal mixture of Spirulina and Chlorella in the ratio (1: 1) (diet 1), 5% of a diet with the algal mix (diet 2), and 7% of a diet with the algal mixture (diet 3). Fish were fed 5% of the average body weight three times a day. There is a significant decrease in the activity of Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase (P <0.05) between (control 1) and the other groups. The groups of diets 2 and 3 showed significant improvements in the value of Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase compared to the control “1” group. The CYP is highly induced in the control “2” compared to the control “1” or other groups. Diet “3” shows a minimum significance of CYP concentration than the control “2”. There is a significant increase in SOD and Gpx activities in the liver of treated fishes (diets 2 and 3) compared to the control “2”. The results reveal that the best supplement of the algal mixture appears in the concentration of 7% (diet 3). This concentration repairs the ionic disturbance and oxidative stress of lead and cadmium toxicity and increases the antioxidant activities responsible for reactive oxygen species ROS scavenging

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