Physa acuta snail as a biomonitor for the efficacy of bioremediation treatment of heavy metals (Fe III and Cd II) using the fungus (Eupenicillium lapidosum) in lined and unlined laboratory conditions

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Egypt

2 Environmental Research and Medical Malacology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Imbaba, Giza, Egypt

3 Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Egypt

Abstract

The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Physa acuta snail as biomonitor for the efficacy of bioremediation treatment of heavy metals (Fe III and Cd II)  using fungus Eupenicillium lapidosum.So,the effects of these heavy metals on the mortality percent of adult P. acuta snail, heavy metal concentrations in their soft tissuesand on the antioxidant enzymes were evaluated under laboratory lined (sand cement) and unlined (mud) conditions for 2, 24 hrs and 7 days of exposure to the fresh mycelia of the fungus E. lapidosum, (50 ppm of Fe (III) & Cd (II)) and biosorption treatments of  Fe and  Cd by the fungus E. lapidosum. The data indicated that Cd was somewhat more toxic to the snails than Fe in cement lining than that of unlined conditions (mud). While, the lowest mortality percent was that of the biosorption treatments against  tested  heavy metals. The metal biosorption values by E. lapidosum against Cd were higher than that of Fe in cement lining than that of unlined ones. Concerning the results of iron and cadmium analysis in soft tissues of P. acuta snails demonstrated that the iron concentrations were higher than that of cadmium. While, during the biosorption processes the concentrations of accumulated metals were decreased by increasing the time of exposure. The data of the biochemical responses in tissues of exposed P. acuta snails showed alterations of some antioxidant parameters which was indicated by the significant increase in the lipid peroxidation (MDA) and decrease of endogenous antioxidant enzymes; Catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) in lined conditions than that of unlined ones, while the effect decreased in the case of Fe and Cd biosorption. So, these results indicated  that P. acuta snail and the fungus E. lapidosum are useful in the searches for biomarkers and biosorption, respectively.

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