The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613125320210501The non-indigenous isopod Paracerceis sculpta Holmes, 1904 invasion of the Marchica lagoon (Moroccan Mediterranean Coast)11217179310.21608/ejabf.2021.171793ENReda El Kamcha Et Al.Journal Article20210524<span>The non-indigenous <em>Paracerceis sculpta</em> (Holmes, 1904) is native to the Pacific coast of North and Central America and has widely invaded several areas of the Mediterranean. The current study was conducted to examine the first and extended record of <em>P. sculpta</em> in the Marchica lagoon in the Mediterranean coast of Morocco (southern Alboran Sea). The species is well established in the lagoon and its presence and abundance are clearly associated with vegetated habitats. Shipping activity was the most likely vector for the introduction of <em>P. sculpta</em> into Marchica lagoon.</span>The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613125320210501The Effect of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Against Cyanobacterial Microorganisms132117213010.21608/ejabf.2021.172130ENKarima Boutarfa Et Al.Journal Article20210525Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂ NPs) present a high interest as an excellent antibacterial agent against pathogenic microorganisms. Currently, the massive proliferation of potentially toxic cyanobacteria in the water of dams presents a threat to the public health of these water consumers. This study was maintained to evaluate the antibacterial activity of TiO₂ NPs against the cyanobacteria « <em>Microcystis </em>sp.<em>»</em> responsible for toxic blooms in the freshwater reservoirs intended for drinking water production. Three concentrations of TiO₂ NPs (150 mg.l<sup>-1</sup>¸ 300 mg.l<sup>-1 </sup>and 600 mg.l<sup>-1</sup>) were tested in the laboratory on two strains of <em>Microcystis </em>sp. (S1¸ S2) over a period of eight days. In parallel, three biotic variables were measured: <em>Microcystis </em>sp. cells density (cell.ml<sup>-1</sup>), Chlorophyll (a) (µg.l<sup>-1</sup>), and Phycocyanin (µg.l<sup>-1</sup>) content every 48 hours all along the experimental period. A remarkable decrease in cell densities was registered, recording decreased values from 77490 to 39091 cell.ml<sup>-1 </sup>for S1 and from 2801 to 0 cell.ml<sup>-1 </sup>for S2 with the concentration of 600 mg.l<sup>-1</sup>. Additionally, the chlorophyll (a) content fell from 45 to 8 µg.l<sup>-1 </sup>for S1, and from 34 to 0 µg.l<sup>-1 </sup>for S2. Similarly, treatment with TiO₂ NPs caused the degradation of phycocyanin from 200 to 65 µg.l<sup>-1 </sup>for S1 and from 200 to 0 µg.l<sup>-1 </sup>for S2 with the highest concentration of these nanoparticles (600 mg.l<sup>-1</sup>). TiO₂ NPs exhibit a very important antibacterial effect against <em>Microcystis</em>. sp. Thus, TiO₂ NPs can be used in the future to reduce the high biomasses of cyanobacteria during the process of tap water production.The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613125320210501Marine, freshwater, and terrestrial snails as models in the biomedical applications233817214210.21608/ejabf.2021.172142ENAmina M. Ibrahim Et Al.Journal Article20210525A snail is a member of the molluscan gastropods that has a cosmopolitan distribution, inhabiting marine, freshwater and terrestrial habitats. The present review highlights the importance of the snails as they have medical and veterinary applications, besides being considered as excellent indicators of ecosystem health like<em> Biomphalaria </em>sp.,and<em> Lymnaea stagnalis</em> freshwater snails. Also, snails have been proved to be excellent models in neurophysiology, especially on learning and memory formation like <em>Aplysia</em> <em>californica</em> marine snail and<em> Lymnaea stagnalis</em> freshwater snails. Marine snails produce antimicrobial secondary metabolites that exhibit anticancer, antibiotic, antiviral, neurotoxic, or anti-inflammatory properties. These materials can be obtained from the extracts of <em>Babylonia spirata, Buccinulum corneum</em>, <em>Buccinum undatum</em>, <em>Littorina littorea</em> “called littorerin”, <em>Haliotis laevigata</em> or <em>H. rubra</em>, <em>Murex pectin, Tegula gallina</em>, conotoxins released from <em>Conus magus</em>, and hemocyanins of <em>Rapana venosa</em> snails. Freshwater snails have many bioactive compounds that have antimicrobial activity. These materials like, the extracted proteins from <em>Bellamya dissimilis</em>, <em>Bithynia pulchella</em>, <em>Melanoides tuberculata</em>,and <em>Pila </em>sp, mucus extracted from<em> Pomacea canaliculata</em> and <em>Faunus ater</em>; or the hemolymph of <em>Pomacea insularium</em> snail. Terrestrial snails can be used in traditional medicine as they have pharmacologically active compounds, like mucus from<em> Helix</em> sp., <em>Achatina achatina</em>, <em>Achatina fulica</em>, and<em> Eremina desertorum</em> snails, or proteins extracted from <em>Cryptozona bistrialis</em> snails. Conclusively, snails have a lot of biomedical, nutritional and economic importance.The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613125320210501Comparative taxonomical studies on the Egyptian Mediterranean octopuses (Octopoda: Cephalopoda)396117255910.21608/ejabf.2021.172559ENRafik RiadJournal Article20210526Octopuses have gained considerable worldwide commercial importance. Hence, this study was conducted to differentiate between the Octopoda species in the Egyptian Mediterranean waters. The study extended from January 2019 to December of the same year. Octopus specimens were seasonally obtained<strong> </strong>from the fishing trawlers operating in the Egyptian Mediterranean waters from Sidi Abd El-Rahman, west of Alexandria to Rosetta in the east. The different organs were illustrated using a zoom stereoscopic WildM8 microscope provided with a special camera Lucida drawing tube and photographed by a Canon G7Xdigital camera.
Four Egyptian Mediterranean octopus species were detected, among which <em>Eledone moschata, Octopus vulgaris, Callistoctopus macropus</em>, and <em>Macrotritopus defilippii </em>were identified<em>.</em> Whereas three of them: <em>Octopus vulgaris, Callistoctopus macropus, </em>and <em>Macrotritopus defilippi</em> are classified as cosmopolitan species in distribution. Considerably, the species <em>Eledone moschata </em>are widely distributed in the Mediterranean Sea.The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613125320210501Effect of Nigella sativa enriched diet on biochemical variables and antioxidant damage caused by silver nanoparticles toxicity in the African catfish, Clarias gariepinus637617259310.21608/ejabf.2021.172593ENNermen G. Andrawes Et Al.Journal Article20210526The present study aimed to investigate the effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) (50 mg/L) on the behavioral changes, biochemical alterations, oxidative stress, and the histopathological changes in liver tissues of African catfish, <em>clarias gariepinus</em>. In addition to the potential role of <em>Nigella sativa</em> (<em>NS</em>) in ameliorating these effects. Fish were divided into four groups: group 1 was control fed on the basal diet, group 2 was fed on 3% (<em>NS</em>) of basal diet, group 3 was exposed to 50 mg/L AgNPs, and group 4 was exposed to 50 mg/L AgNPs and fed on 3% (<em>NS</em>) for 30 days. Results revealed that catfish in the group (3) exposed to AgNPs exhibited changes in skin pigmentation and abnormal behavior in the swim. A significant elevation (P<0.05) in levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) of catfish exposed to AgNPs compared to the control fish. Furthermore, a marked increase in hepatic lipid peroxidation (LPO), catalase (CAT), total antioxidant (TAC), glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were recorded in the group (3). Alternatively, feeding exposed catfish to AgNPs on 3% (<em>NS</em>) for 30 days, decreased the levels of ALP, AST, and ALT, improved the oxidative damage in liver tissues and attenuated the histological changes in hepatic tissues of <em>C. gariepinus</em> (group 4). Hence, this study suggested that (<em>NS</em>) has hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects in African catfish against AgNPs toxicity. The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613125320210501Effect of Mao (Antidesma sp.) juice on growth performance and resistance against Streptococcus spp. in the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)778317263910.21608/ejabf.2021.172639ENNarong Kamolrat Et Al.Journal Article20210527The present study investigated the effect of Mao (<em>Antidesma</em> sp.) juice concentration on the growth rate and infection resistance to <em>Streptococcus </em>spp. in the Nile tilapia fish with an initial weight of 12.65 ± 0.14 g. The experiment was divided into the control (0), 60, 40 and 20% Mao juice mixed feed powder, respectively. At the end of the 60-day experimental period, the average daily growth values were 0.49 ± 1.22,0.29 ± 0.71,0.39 ± 0.78 and 0.43 ± 0.48 gD<sup>-1</sup>, respectively, the specific growth rates were 5.62 ± 0.66, 4.75 ± 0.49, 5.25 ± 0.55 and 5.41 ± 0.39 %D<sup>-1</sup>, respectively, feed conversion ratios were 1.83 ± 2.11, 2.78 ± 0.88, 2.13 ± 0.67 and 1.68 ± 0.53, respectively, and the survival rates were 76.19 ± 0.32, 84.52 ± 0.47, 82.14 ± 0.73 and 94.05 ± 0.47%, respectively. There were significant (P <0.05) differences. The results from injection of <em>Streptococcus agalactiae</em> and <em>Streptococcus ineae</em> in Nile tilapia fed at the 20% Mao juice level had the lowest cumulative mortality at 43.33 ± 5.77% and 70.00 ± 10.00%, respectively. The results showed that the 20% Mao juice level had a positive effect on the growth rate and resistance to <em>S. agalactiae</em>The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613125320210501Impact of carbamide perhydrate on the snail Bulinus truncatus, the intermediate host of Schistosoma haematobium859917277010.21608/ejabf.2021.172770ENHebat-Allah A. S. Dokmak Et Al.Journal Article20210527Control of the snail<em> Bulinus truncatus </em>is an essential component in the elimination of the parasite <em>Schistosoma haematobium</em> in Egypt. Carbamide perhydrate, as a disinfectant and bleaching agent in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals, was bio-assayed against <em>B. truncatus</em> snails. It was toxic to these snails with LC<sub>90 </sub>of 138.54 ppm after 24-h of exposure. It caused significant detrimental effects on the total protein content, the activities of AST, ALT and ALP enzymes, and the levels of steroid sex hormones in the tissues of treated snails, which in turn reflected negatively on their fecundity (Mx) and reproductive rate (R<sub>0</sub>). The reduction rate of R<sub>0</sub> for snails treated with LC<sub>25</sub> was 76.66%. Moreover, this compound exerted obvious histological changes in the digestive and hermaphrodite glands of treated snails, where secretory and digestive cells in the digestive gland were swelled and ruptured in addition to degeneration of connective tissues, ova and sperms in acini of the hermaphrodite gland. So, carbamide perhydrate exerted harmful effects to <em>B.truncatus</em> snails, as it negatively affected their biological and physiological activities as well their productivity, hence minimize or diminish the snail population available for the transmission of <em>S. haematobium</em>. Therefore, this compound could be suggested as an effective and safe component in schistosomiasis control programThe Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613125320210501Identification of the gastropod snails and shells collected from Ain El-Sokhna region, Red Sea, Egypt10111717285710.21608/ejabf.2021.172857ENHanaa A. M. Abu ElEinin Et Al.Journal Article20210527The Red Sea is known for its unique coral reef topography that harbors many marine species making the Red Sea a biodiversity hot spot. The molluscan fauna of the Red Sea has been extensively studied for its ecology, biology and economic importance. In the present study, numerous live specimens and gastropod shells were collected from Ain El-Sokhna area on the western shore of the Red Sea’s Gulf of Suez. Samplings were done during June-October, 2020. The collected species were identified based on published keys for the identification of Red Sea molluscs. A total of 24 gastropod species belonging to 12 families were identified. Among these, the highest abundant species was <em>Thais savignyi</em> (Muricidae) followed by <em>Cellana rota</em> (Nacellidea). Some other species were rarely abundant such as <em>Conomurex fasciatus </em>(Strombidae), the reef-eating snail, <em>Drupella cornus</em> (Muricidae), <em>Nassarius fenistratus</em>, <em>N. castus </em>(Nassariidae), and <em>Polinices pecelephanti </em>(Naticidae). The present findings demonstrate high molluscan biodiversity at Ain El-Sokhna region of the Red Sea and set the platform for further studies and assessments of biological and biomedical importance of identified molluscs species either as intermediate hosts for parasites or sources for bioactive compounds.The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613125320210501The Growth Parameters of the Mako Shark Isurus Oxyrinchus (Rafinesque, 1810) in the Moroccan Central Atlantic Coast11913617286010.21608/ejabf.2021.172860ENJihade Alahyene Et Al.Journal Article20210527 The present study was carried out through regular biological sampling operations of the mako shark during a period of 24 months (October 2017 - August 2019). Specimens were collected from the commercial catches of artisanal boats operating in the Moroccan Central Atlantic Coast and landing at Sidi Ifni Port. A total of 1088 individuals were examined, including 567 females and 521 males. The total length (TL) of both sexes combined ranged from 60 to 317cm, with an average of 150.83 ± 41.51cm (mean±sd). Dominant sizes varied between 105 and 195 cm (TL). The linear regression equations showed a good positive correlation between the different body lengths (0. 983 <R <0.997). The allometric equations between the two variables of weight W(t) and length L(t), where W(t) = 7 E<sup>-05</sup> * L<sup>2.6092 </sup>, showed significantly lower allometry for the two sexes combined. The parameters of the Von Bertalanffy linear growth equation for both sexes combined were estimated as L<sub>∞</sub> = 313.24 cm, K=0.15 year<sup>-1</sup> and t<sub>0</sub> = -0.68. For the same age, the sizes of males were recorded larger than those of females. Moreover, results showed that the determined longevity (tmax) was 24.75 years for males and 26.65 years for females.The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613125320210501Study of Aquatic Gastropods (Mollusca) in Shatt Al-Arab River, Iraq.13714617286110.21608/ejabf.2021.172861ENKhaled Kh. Al-Khafaji Et Al.Journal Article20210527The present study was conducted to determine the diversity and density of the aquatic Gastropoda community, and study some factors associated with water quality in Shatt al-Arab River; namely, water temperature, salinity, pH, and dissolved oxygen. Samples of aquatic Gastropoda and water were collected monthly from three study sites along with Shatt Al- Arab River in Basrah Province, during the period from January to December 2019. The highest species diversity of Aquatic Gastropod snails were found in Al-Qurna site (site 1) (10 species), while in Al-Garmat Ali site (site 2) (9 species) and in Abu Al-Khasib site (site 3), 5 species were found. A total of 12239 individuals of the three sites were collected during the study period. The higher annual density was recorded in aquatic Gastropoda snails <em>B. bengalensis</em> (Lamarck, 1822) with 5333, 1800 and 875 Individual/m² in the three sites, respectively while the other aquatic Gastropoda species together recorded a density of 1691, 1313 and 1227 Ind./m² in the three sites, respectively. The monthly densities of <em>Bellamya bengalensis</em> varied from 0 Ind./m<sup>2</sup> in January, October, November and December 2016 at Abu al-Khasib site to 966.0 Ind./m<sup>2</sup> in June 2016 at Al-Qurna site. Statistical analysis showed significant differences in dissolved oxygen and salinity between the first and the third sites. The temperature correlated positively with the mean of pH and salinity, and negatively with the number of the recorded species and the total densities of the aquatic Gastropoda species. In addition, salinity correlated positively with the mean density of Gastropods. On the other hand, the total number of the recorded species correlated positively with the total densities of aquatic Gastropoda species.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <strong> </strong>The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613125320210501Antibacterial Activity of Carotenoid from Bacterial Symbiont Virgibacillus salarius Strain 19.PP.Sc.1.6 against MDR E. coli and MRSA14715717287710.21608/ejabf.2021.172877ENLia Kusmita Et Al.Journal Article20210528Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) <em>E. coli</em> and Methicillin-Resistant <em>Staphylococcus Aureus</em> (MRSA) are resistant bacteria and cause infection. Compounds that have the potential to be antibacterial are carotenoids produced by bacteria associated with soft corals such as <em>Sinularia</em> sp. This study aims to determine the potential of carotenoid bacteria symbionts <em>Virgibacillus salarius</em> strain 19.PP.Sc1.6 soft coral <em>Sinularia</em> sp. against the growth of MDR<em> E. coli </em>and MRSA bacteria with concentrations of 4, 6, and 8%. The carotenoid from symbiont bacteria was extracted by the maceration method using methanol as solvent. The results of the screening test showed that the average clear zone diameter for MDR <em>E. coli</em> antibacterial test at 4% concentration was 0.770 cm, 6% 0.818 cm, and 8% 0.915 cm with positive control 1.924 cm. The results of the antibacterial test against MRSA had an average diameter at a concentration of 4% of 1.218 cm, a concentration of 6% 1.318 cm, and a concentration of 8% 1.405 cm, and positive control of 2.109 cm. The results of statistical analysis showed that there were significant differences between the concentration groups and between the carotenoid pigment groups and the positive control. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that the carotenoid pigment of the symbiont bacteria <em>V.salarius</em> strain 19 PP.Sc 1.6 has an antibacterial activity for MDR <em>E. coli</em> and MRSA growthThe Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613125320210501Effect of temperature rise on growth performance, feed intake, feed conversion ratio and sex ratio of the Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus15916917311710.21608/ejabf.2021.173117ENElsayed A. Khallaf Et Al.Journal Article20210528This study was conducted to investigate the effect of increasing water temperature on growth performance, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, and sex ratio of <em>Oreochromis niloticus. </em>Two groups of O. niloticus fries (3 days post-hatching) were reared in an indoor system, at 30°C and 34°C. In the second group, the water temperature was increased to 36°C for only four hours a day, for the first 25 days of the experiment. At the end of the experiment, the values of body weight, length, specific and daily growth rates, and feed intake were comparable but slightly higher at 30°C. The feed conversion ratio was better in the control tank (30°C) than in the experimental one (36°C). Condition factor was higher than 1 at both temperatures indicating the general well-being of fries along the study period. The sex was skewed towards males under the effect of high temperature (36°C) in the experimental tank.The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613125320210501Isolation, Identification and Antimicrobial profile of Aeromonas spp., Pseudomonas spp. and Vibrio spp. from the Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus in fish farms17118517365910.21608/ejabf.2021.173659ENHala F. Ayoub Et Al.Journal Article20210531Nile tilapia (<em>Oreochromis niloticus</em>) aquaculture represents one of the most important cultivation species in Egypt. However, Tilapia farming encounters some problems that result in high fish mortalities and huge economic losses due to bacterial pathogens. Thus, the current study aimed to isolate, identify, and characterize the pathogenic bacteria affecting Nile tilapia farming in El-Abbassa, Abo-Hammad, Sharkia. Besides, antibiotic susceptibility to pathogens was determined as a primary step for controlling diseases. Hence, a collection of 252 fish samples was gathered from 200 fish farms. Upon microbiological and biochemical analysis, the presence of only 3 bacterial genera was detected, including Gram-negative bacteria of <em>Aeromonas</em> spp. (52.80 %), <em>Pseudomonas</em> spp. (27.9 %), and <em>Vibrio</em> spp. (19.3 %). <em>Aeromonas sobria </em>showed the highest prevalence in the infected <em>Oreochromis niloticus</em>. Antibiogram test revealed high levels of resistance expressed by all bacterial isolates to Ampicillin, Amoxicillin, and Erythromycin. On the other hand, Norfloxacin was effective against all isolated bacteria followed by Ciprofloxacin. Establishing effective control methods for pathogenic bacteria would greatly enhance fish production. The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613125320210501Do hydro-biological factors influence spawning migration: A case study of Hilsa’s (Tenualosa ilisha) breeding habitat in Ganga River, India18719917414210.21608/ejabf.2021.174142ENSubhendu K. Chatterjee Et Al.Journal Article20210601Hilsa (<em>Tenualosa ilisha</em>) is an amphihaline migratory fish and established itself as one of the most important commercial fishes of the Indo-Pacific region. It has a wide range of distribution and occurs in marine, estuarine and riverine environments. <em>T. ilisha</em> exhibits spawning migration to the freshwater environment of the river systems and thereafter nourish young ones until they return back to sea for maturity. The breeding success of this species depends on the synchronous effects of eco-environmental and biological conditions. The fish normally inhabits the lower regions of the estuaries and the foreshore areas of the sea. Hilsa prefers to reside in the lower basin region of Ganga River during their upstream migration. Several attempts have been made to explore the feeding habit of hilsa in the River system but these are inadequate. Knowledge on the feeding habitat of hilsa and seasonal variation of biotic and abiotic components are very much essential to understand the precise breeding habitat selection of hilsa in monsoon. In the present study, it was found that high turbidity, silica loads, and specific biotic components i.e. diatom population helps upcoming hilsa to spot their preferable breeding ground in the lower basin stretch of Ganga River. Management and conservation of breeding habitat improve the productivity of the fish which is directly benefiting the socio-economy of this fishery.
The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613125320210501Biological study, life cycle and fecundity of Coralliophila violacea (Coralliophilidae: Gastropoda: Mollusca) inhabiting the Red Sea coral reefs, Egypt20121617447810.21608/ejabf.2021.174478ENAhmed Ghallab Et Al.Journal Article20210601One of the most common molluscan species in Egyptian water is <em>Coralliophila violacea</em> (Coralliophilidae, Gastropoda, Mollusca). There are very few studies had been carried out on this species and its importance and its effect on coral reefs in the Red Sea. Reproductive studies of <em>C. violacea</em> indicated that females produce a number of egg sacs, each sac contains a large number of eggs ranged from 222 to 2893 eggs /sac with an overall average of 1046.33 ± 468.9 eggs /sac. The color of the examined egg masses varied from transparent creamy white to light orange and finally to light brown color. The close examination of the colored sacs indicated that the developmental stage of the eggs is the factor behind the differences in color. Male gonad development comprised the spermatogonia, primary (PSC) and secondary spermatocytes (SSC), spermatids and sperm cells (SP) were also examined and measured. The diameter of the spermatogonia of <em>C. violacea</em> varied between 4 and 6 µm with an average of 4.9+0.37 µm.The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613125320210501Time course RT-qPCR study on immune, growth and stress-related gene expression in Bacillus subtilis supplemented overstocked shrimp “Litopeneaus vannmei”21724017551610.21608/ejabf.2021.175516ENYasmine El-Barbary Et Al.Journal Article20210605The feasibility of <em>Bacillus subtilis</em> application on immune, growth, and stress responses in <em>Litopeneaus vannmei</em> has been assessed by evaluating changes over time of some immune, growth, and stress-related gene expression. A total of 315 <em>L. vannamei</em> weighted 0.78 g ± 0.08 (SE) divided into 3 experimental groups; the first group (T1) was considered as a control, the second group (T2) fed <em>B. subtilis</em> supplemented daily throughout the experiment. In contrast, the third group (T3) fed <em>B. subtilis</em> supplemented diet for a week followed by a week of basal diet alternatively. The expression levels of Toll receptor (LvToll), Penaeidin4 (PEN4), Protein kinase C delta type (PKC-delta), Ras-related protein Rap-2a (PAP-2a), Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), and Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) were evaluated before and after <em>Vibrio parahaemolyticus </em>challenge. Results showed that down-regulation of LvToll, HSP70, and HSP90 expression levels was predominant in (T3) and transient up-regulation of PEN4, PKC, and RAP-2a levels expression in the same group in 1<sup>st</sup> and 7<sup>th</sup> week in which <em>B. subtilis</em> was supplemented. On the other hand, T2 showed up-regulation of lvToll and HSP70 in the 2<sup>nd</sup> and 12<sup>th</sup> weeks of trial, PEN4 in 1<sup>st</sup>, 2<sup>nd</sup>, and 7<sup>th</sup> weeks, HSP90 in the 7<sup>th</sup> and 12<sup>th</sup> weeks; up-regulation of PKC and PAP-2a was observed nearly upon the entire experimental period. Immune response against <em>V. parahaemolyticus</em> was on guard in (T3) than (T2). LvToll, PEN4, HSP70, HSP90, and PKC (T3) showed rapid upregulation in response to induced bacterial infection. RAP-2a responds to the bacterial challenge by significant down-regulation in both groups. This study suggests that the transient, weekly application of probiotic <em>B. subtilis</em> to shrimp may enhance the immune status, improve host stress tolerance, modulate pro-inflammatory responses, and trigger growth-associated responses of shrimp.The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613125320210501The influence of continuous and intermittent Bacillus subtilis AQUA-GROW® application on the white leg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, immune-related genes24126117551710.21608/ejabf.2021.175517ENYasmine El-Barbary Et Al.Journal Article20210605In the framework of fact, prolonged and excessive use of probiotics has been implicated in immunosuppression. The realization of immuno-stimulants frequent application impacts is the groundwork for tactical protection of shrimp culture. Therefore, changes in the gene expression of five immune attributable genes (prophenoloxidase, serine proteinase, transglutaminase, lysozyme; and superoxide dismutase) of <em>Bacillus subtilis</em> supplemented shrimp,<em> Litopenaeus vannamei</em> over a period of time (12 weeks) were assessed before and after <em>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</em> bacterial challenge. <em>L vannamei </em>of weight measured 0.78±0.08 (SE) was randomly divided into three groups. Frist group (T1) was the normalizing group (control) fed plain diet, the second group (T2) fed <em>B. subtilis</em> supplemented diet daily, the third group provided <em>B. subtilis</em> supplemented diet followed by basal diet changeably week after week. The findings before bacterial challenge manifested that proPO of (T2) expressed significantly in 1<sup>st</sup>, 2<sup>nd</sup>, 4<sup>th</sup>, and 7<sup>th</sup> weeks. In (T2) SP expressed highly in the 2<sup>nd</sup> and 7<sup>th</sup> week. proPO, SP, TGase, and LYZ of (T3) presented significant up-regulation in the 7<sup>th</sup> week. TGase of (T2) and SOD of (T3) expression levels increased significantly in 4<sup>th</sup> and 7<sup>th</sup> weeks. LYZ and SOD of (T2) expression levels increased significantly in the 2<sup>nd</sup>, 4<sup>th</sup>, 7<sup>th</sup> weeks. In response to induced infection, proPO of (T2) and (T3) proPO, SP, and SOD expression levels were observed to respond to bacterial infection at early and late infection phases 3 and 24 (hpi). This work suggested that the transient application of <em>B. subtilis</em> for shrimp <em>L. vannamei</em> enhances the immune system, and their immune status is poised and all set against <em>V. parahaemolyticus</em> by rapid and early defensive responses. The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613125320210501Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA based phylogeny, antibiotic susceptibility, and virulence traits of Arcobacter species recovered from domestic fowl and the Nile tilapia26327917552310.21608/ejabf.2021.175523ENLamiaa Abdel Ghaffar Et Al.Journal Article20210605Untreated poultry manure/droppings were used in integrated fish ponds as organic fertilizers. This process could put an additional complexity on the bacterial load within fish's ponds ecosystem. <em>Arcobacter </em>species is one of the most important food-borne zoonotic pathogens that infect humans, animals, fish, and fowl. This study aimed to examine if raw poultry manure could possibly enhance <em>Arcobacter</em> propagation among the cohabitant Nile tilapia. In addition, the comparative phenotypic and molecular characterizations among various <em>Arcobacter </em>spp. retrieved from two diverse animal hosts (the Nile tilapia and fowl) with special reference to antibiotic-resistant and virulence genes traits were also studied. Clinically, the examined Nile tilapias exhibited darkness, fin rot, and skin hemorrhages. Internally, the Nile tilapias displayed severe congestion in internal organs, catarrhal enteritis, and swollen gall bladder. The moribund chickens exhibited mild diarrhea, anorexia, and ruffled feathers. Internally, chickens displayed enlarged spleen and liver, enteritis, and kidney congestion<strong>. </strong>The bacterial colonies on Arcobacter selective agar appeared small and non-pigmented with an intact edge. The recovered bacterial isolates were identified as <em>Arcobacter </em>spp. depending on the phenotypic characters and PCR. Sequencing of <em>16S rRNA </em>gene confirmed the identity of <em>Arcobacter butzleri (A. butzleri</em>),<em> A. skirrowii</em>, and<em> A. cryaerophilus</em> in both fish and fowl<em>,</em> while <em>A. </em><em>cloacae </em>was confirmed in fish. PCR confirmed the occurrence of two virulence genes (<em>pldA</em> and <em>tlyA</em>) in most fish and chicken <em>Arcobacter</em> isolates. All chicken Arcobacter isolates showed resistance against ampicillin, ampicillin-sulbactam, and cefotaxime, and variable susceptibility to ciprofloxacin, aztreonam, imipenem, and amikacin. Fish <em>Aeromonads </em>were sensitive to ciprofloxacin, sulpha-trimethoprim, and amikacin.The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613125320210501Drastic parasitic infestations among cultured tilapias at El- Abbassa fish farms, Egypt, with respect to stressors of abiotic factors28129517552410.21608/ejabf.2021.175524ENJamila S. Al Malki Et Al.Journal Article20210605The Egyptian expansion in fish aquaculture requests betterment in fish health management systems. This study was carried out to investigate the infestation prevalence of gill and skin parasites infecting the farmed tilapias at El-Abbassa fish farms with respect to abiotic factors. Water physicochemical parameters of culturing ponds were analyzed seasonally from March 2020 to February 2021. Results demonstrated that water quality measurements of fishponds were within normal values that cultured tilapia species can tolerate. Parasitological examinations of four different farmed tilapia species revealed critical parasitic infestations with <em>Chilodonella hexasticha</em> (Ciliate), <em>Cichlidogyrus tilapiae </em>(Monogenea)in addition to<em> Lernaea elegans</em> and <em>Lamproglena monody</em> (Copepoda). Detailed morphological characteristics and symptoms of infestations of the four parasites were mentioned. The highest prevalence of <em>C. hexasticha</em> (71.4%) infecting <em>T. zillii</em> was recorded during winter, while the highest percentage (100%) of <em>C. tilapiae</em> infesting <em>O. niloticus</em>,<em> O. aureus</em> and <em>S. galilaeus</em> was recorded during spring. Finally, the highest prevalence of the crustacean parasitic copepods (100%) infecting <em>O.</em> <em>niloticus</em>, <em>T. zillii, </em>and <em>S. galilaeus</em> was reported during autumn. The total parasitic infestation rates were superior during summer while their minimal levels were recorded during winter, autumn, and spring, respectively. The intimate relationship between the intensity of infection with the monogenean gill parasite<em> C. tilapiae</em> and seasonal physicochemical parameters (temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, nitrites, nitrates, visibility, total hardness, total alkalinity, salinity, total ammonia and unionized ammonia) were discussed briefly.The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613125320210501Yersiniosis and fish consumption29732017552710.21608/ejabf.2021.175527ENAlejandro De Jesús Cortés-SánchezJournal Article20210605Foodborne diseases are considered a serious public health problem worldwide due to their incidence and mortality. The increase in the appearance of those diseases with their negative effects is contributed to the changes in society's eating habits, globalization of the production, and food marketing. Food safety is currently a fundamental characteristic in the production and availability of food, being therefore indicated as the guarantee that will not harm the consumer’s health. Fish is considered a nutritious and globally marketed food and its processing and consumption occur in different forms and presentations (whole, whole gutted, fillet, fermented, canned, salted, cooked, smoked, raw, among others). Fish, due to its chemical composition and the hygienic conditions to which it is subjected during its production, handling, processing and conservation, is highly susceptible to be contaminated and hence, deteriorated by various microorganisms. Some of these are food pathogens as <em>Yersinia enterocolitica</em>, which is identified as a causal agent of the zoonosis called yersiniosis that may put the health of consumers at risk. The objective of this review is to provide general information on foodborne diseases, especially those whose causative agent is <em>Yersinia enterocolitica</em> through the consumption of fish. Characteristics of the pathogen, aspects of control, and prevention of food contamination are presented, including microbiological analysis and sanitary regulation in different parts of the world. Additionally, reference is made to aspects of the phenomenon of antimicrobial resistance and the danger for public health.
The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613125320210501First record of the invasive snail Myosotella myosotis (Draparnaud, 1801) in coast Shatt al-Arab estuary/ Al-Faw District, Basrah-Iraq32132817553510.21608/ejabf.2021.175535ENKhaled Kh Al-Khafaji Et Al.Journal Article20210605The present study investigated the first record of invasive mouse-ear snail <em>Myosotella myosotis</em> (Draparnaud, 1801) (Pulmonata: Basommatophora: Ellobiidae) in Shatt al-Arab estuary coast north the District of Al- Faw, Basrah, Iraq. During a period from January to December 2019, one sample was collected monthly from two selected sites in Shatt al-Arab estuary shoreline. Some biological, and ecological notes on this ellobiid gastropod from Iraqi coast in addition to photographs, were provided to confirm the identification of the snail, provided with brief comments on its measured morphological features. Results showed that the mean population density of both the two study sites of <em>M. myosotis</em> ranged from 66 ind./m² during April at site 1 and 0 ind./m² in some other months at site 2.The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613125320210501The Effect of Acid Solvent on the Physicochemical Characteristics of Tuna Dark Meat Fish Meal32933817554510.21608/ejabf.2021.175545ENVanessa Lekahena Et Al.Journal Article20210605Tuna dark meat can be processed into fish meals to increase its economic value and shelf life. Fish meal is a high-protein, low-moisture product derived from fish parts or a fish grinding mill. This study was organized to discover the effect of an acid solvent on the physicochemical properties of tuna dark meat in fish meal. The results of the study revealed that the extraction of tuna dark meat using acid solvent types affected the physicochemical characteristics of the produced fish meal in all test parameters, including yield value, bulk density, whiteness, pH, moisture content, ash, protein, fat, and total plate count. The best characteristics of the fish meal were those extracted using lime acid (AJ); with a yield value of 26.230%, bulk density of 0.937 g.ml<sup>-1</sup>, the whiteness of 33.967%, pH of 3.6, moisture content of 6.257%, ash of 4.674%, protein of 78.077%, fat of 1.938%, and total plate count of 1.79 x 10<sup>3</sup> cfu.g<sup>-1</sup>. This finding serves as a model for the processing of tuna meat as an innovation in providing healthy and nutritious food for fish consumption.The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613125320210501Fisheries Biology of the Slender Emperor Lethrinus variegatus (valenciennei, 1830) inhabitant in the Gulf of Suez, Egyptian Red Sea33935217554810.21608/ejabf.2021.175548ENRasha Ali HeneishManal Mostafa SabrahJournal Article20210605A total of 500 specimens of <em>Lethrinus variegatus</em> were collected from Attaka fishing port, Gulf of Suez, Egyptian Red Sea waters using the bottom trawlers during 2018 fishing season. The mean total length and mean total weight were 17.05± 2.26cm and 64.46± 5.82g, respectively. The length-weight relationship was computed as [W=.0088L<sup>3.1475</sup>].The age of specimens varied from I to IV age groups. The Von Bertalanffy growth parameters were estimated as (L<sub>∞</sub>) = 23.04cm and (K) = 0.6 year<sup>-1</sup> while the average total, natural and fishing mortality coefficients were found as 2.08; 0.81; 1.27 year<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. The relative yield per recruit and average biomass per recruit were determined as a function of L<sub>C</sub>/L<sub>∞</sub> and M/K where it was 0.05 and 0.74, respectively. The exploitation rate (E) was determined using the values of M and F recording 0.61; hence, the stock is considered to be overexploited by the overfishing pressure. The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613125320210501Population structure of Sardinella gibbosa (Bleeker, 1849) with special reference to spawning ground in the Gulf of Suez, Egypt35336517557910.21608/ejabf.2021.175579ENTamer A. El-BetarHanan M. OsmanJournal Article20210606Identifying the population and reproductive structure of <em>Sardinella gibbosa </em>in the Suez Gulf is the main objective of the current study. About786 specimens of <em>S. gibbosa</em> were collected from purse seine catch in the Suez Bay with a range of 4.6 to 18.1cm for total length; where the highest frequency was observed for length group 12 cm. The length-weight relationship showed an isometric growth pattern (b=3.01). Three life spans were confirmed from otolith reading with a rapid length increasement during the first one. Sex ratio was 1.0:1.75 for males and females respectively (X<sup>2</sup>, P < 0.05). Gonadosomatic index revealed that <em>S. gibbosa</em> spawns once during winter. Length at first sexual maturity was 13.0 and 13.2 cm for male and female respectively, in addition to 11.3 cm for length at first capture (Lc<sub>50</sub>)<sub>,</sub> revealed the occurrence of overfishing. Total mortality (Z) was 2.75; natural (M) and fishing (F) mortality were 1.06 and 1.69 respectively. Comparing the value of fishing mortality with biological reference points (F <sub>Optimum</sub> = 0.53 year<sup>−1</sup> and F <sub>Limit</sub> = 0.69 year<sup>−1</sup>) in addition to 0.62 for exploitation rate; confirmed the occurrence of overexploitation. The Gulf of Suez was found to be a confirmed spawning and rearing ground for <em>S. gibbosa</em>. As a result of overexploitation, some modifications in size selectivity of fishing gear are required and reduction of fishing effort is a goal to be achieved.The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613125320210501Some reproductive aspects of the Indian squid Loligo duvauceli in the Gulf of Suez, Egypt.36738217567010.21608/ejabf.2021.175670ENAhmed G.A. Gewida Et Al.Journal Article20210606A better knowledge of the reproductive biology of <em>Loligo duvauceli</em> squid, such as its sex ratio, sexual maturation, and reproductive seasonality is fundamental for establishing effective fishery management measures to ensure the fishery is sustainable. Samples of <em>Loligo duvauceli</em> were collected monthly for one fishing season during September 2014 to April 2015 at Attaka fishing harbor in the Gulf of Suez. A total of 759 individuals (434 males, 268 females, and 57 not recognized) in size range of 3.5 to 29.5 cm dorsal mantle length (DML) were used for this study. The sex ratio of males: females was 1.6:1.0. Females outnumbered males only in February. However, males were dominant in the rest of the fishing season. Four maturity stages for both sexes were recognized. Monthly variations in maturity stages and maturity indices showed that the spawning season extends from April to October (spring to early autumn) for females, while males from April to September (spring to late autumn). Length at first sexual maturity indicated that the females attain maturity at smaller DML than males. The mean length at maturity for this species was 14.8 and 17.5cm DML for females and males, respectively.The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613125320210501Indoor Aquaria and Offshore Cages Bacterial Disease of Cultivated Giant Clam38339417584510.21608/ejabf.2021.175845ENAhmed B. Darwish Et Al.Journal Article20210607Giant clam marine culture is commonly influenced by a wide variety of pathogenic bacteria including <em>Vibrio</em> species, resulting in high losses. The current study was organized to investigate the bacterial infections, in the Hurghada area, between the culture of <em>Tridacna maxima</em> and <em>Tridacna gigas</em> in indoor aquaria and offshore cages. Eighty samples of <em>T. maxima</em> and <em>T. gigas</em> in both indoor aquaria and offshore cages were collected for bacteriological analysis. Samples were taken from gills, gut, mantels, and gonads of <em>Tridacna</em>. The results showed reduced motion followed by loss of attractive color pattern with 25 % and 20 % mortality rate among indoor cultured <em>T. maxima</em> and <em>T. gigas</em>, respectively. About forty-six bacterial isolates were identified, using phenotypic and biochemical testing. Most of those isolates were <em>Vibrio logei</em>, <em>V. harveyi</em>, and unidentified <em>Vibrio</em>. The pathogenicity and virulence of <em>V. logei</em> seem high with a 30% mortality rate. The current study would provide useful information for better management of bacterial infections in <em>T. maxima</em> and <em>T. gigas</em>.The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613125320210501Effects of partial substitution of fish meal with different levels of marine macroalgae species on growth indices and RNA/DNA ratio of hybrid red tilapia39541017584810.21608/ejabf.2021.175848ENHoda A. Eissa Et Al.Journal Article20210607<span>A 90-days experiment was conducted to determine the impact of partial replacement of dietary fish meal (FM) with different concentrations of ultra-fine powder of <em>Ulva lactuca, Laurencia</em> <em>obtusa</em> <em>and Cystoseira myrica </em>on growth performance, feed utilization and RNA/DNA ratio of the hybrid red tilapia “Florida strain”. </span><span>A total number of 600 fish of <em>Oreochromis </em>sp., with an average weight of 5.67 ± 0.89 g and an average length of 6.4 ± 0.41 cm, were randomly divided into 30 aquaria (20 fish/ aquarium in triplicates). Ten experimental diets were formulated as control (C) that contains FM as the major source of protein and other diets in which the FM was partially substituted (on the protein basis). The substitution was achieved with 5% <em>Ulva lactuca </em>(U5),10 %<em> U. lactuca </em>(U10),15%<em> U. lactuca (</em>U15),5%<em> Laurencia</em> <em>obtusa </em>(L5),10%<em> L.</em> <em>obtusa </em>(L10),15%<em> L.</em> <em>obtusa </em>(L15)<em>, </em>5%<em> Cystoseira myrica </em>(C5)<em>, </em>10%<em> C. myrica </em>(C10)and 15%<em> C. myrica </em>(C15)<em>. </em>Results of survival rate (SR) in all treatments were not significantly different but the control treatment showed the best SR%, while the lowest SR% was shown in C15 treatment. In the case of<em> Ulva lactuca, </em>all growth parameters were at its highest values in U5 and decreased with the increase of inclusion levels. The growth values, when FM was partially replaced with <em>C. myrica,</em> were at their maximum at C15%. In <em>Laurencia</em> groups, the growth improved gradually with the increase in concentration and reached the highest level in <em>Laurencia</em> 15%. Moreover, the percentage of RNA/DNA increased significantly in <em>Laurencia</em> treatment compared with other treatments</span><span>. In general, the results revealed that marine macroalgae could be considered as an acceptable alternative that can replace dietary FM protein in diets of the hybrid red tilapia. In addition, results showed that the most effective group to be used is <em>Laurencia obtusa</em> which induced better growth performance with replacement levels up to 15% compared to the control diet.</span>The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613125320210501Breeding Ecology of the Graceful Prinia (Prinia gracilis) at Akiad Pond, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt.41142017700310.21608/ejabf.2021.177003ENKareem M. Soliman Et Al.Journal Article20210610Characterizing the breeding ecology of birds is important for understanding their population dynamics. One of the most common small resident birds in Egypt that acts as a biocontrol agent of insects is Graceful Prinia (<em>Prinia gracilis</em>). Despite its importance, there are few studies on its breeding ecology in Egypt. Accordingly, this study is the first in investigating the population density and the breeding ecology (including the clutch size, incubation period, fledging period, hatching success, fledging success, and breeding success) of <em>P. gracilis</em> at Akiad Pond, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt during 2019. Results of the current study showed that <em>P. gracilis</em> followed the pattern spring > summer > autumn > winter in abundance during 2019. Regarding its breeding ecology, <em>P. gracilis</em> laid from 2 to 5 eggs/clutch with an average of 3.75±0.25 eggs. 42 young hatched from 60 eggs recording a 70% hatching success rate throughout the study period at Akiad pond. Moreover, about 37 chicks fledged and 5 died recording 88 % fledging success rate. Clutches of two and three eggs had higher fledging success than the other clutches because of the inability of parents to meet the basic feeding needs in large broods. The incubation period was 12.56±0.20 days/nest to produce 2.6 hatchlings/nest, while the fledgling period was 14.62±0.27 days/nest to produce 2.315 young fledged/nest. The breeding success was 61.6% in relation to the number of eggs laid. The main threats to birdlife are human activities (as burning for regrowth, cattle grazing, fishing, and in some way desiccation to some patches around the pond in summer) that destroy its food and nests requirements.
The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613125320210501Evaluation of the larvicidal activity of nanoemulsion from Citrus aurantifolia (Christm) Swingle peel on Culex pipiens L. (Diptera: Culicidae) and the induced morphological aberrations42143417647510.21608/ejabf.2021.176475ENRadwa M. Azmy Et Al.Journal Article20210608<span>There is an urgent need for effective safe alternatives to chemical insecticides for the control of the insect vectors of diseases. Nanotechnology is a promising field for such innovative products. The current study was implemented to evaluate the toxicity of the nanoemulsion prepared from the essential oil (EO) of <em>Cirtus aurantifolia </em>peel against the third instar larvae of<em> Culex pipiens</em> and the morphological alterations in the larvae induced by the nanoemulsion. The formulated nanoemulsion was characterized; the mean droplet size was 20.7±2.6 nm with a polydispersity index value of 0.298. The LC<strong><sub>50</sub> </strong>of the EO nanoemulsion was 33.65 ppm. The tested </span><span lang="EN-GB">larvicide</span><span> induced notable morphological aberration in the treated <em>Cx. pipiens</em> larvae compared to the untreated ones; mainly in the anal region. The present research showed that nanoemulsion of<em> C. aurantifolia</em> EO can be used efficiently and ecofriendly in the integrated control programs of the vector-borne disease<em> Cx. pipiens</em> larvae.</span>The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613125320210501Evaluation of the effect of some chemicals used in the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) culture43545917684410.21608/ejabf.2021.176844ENWafaa Fadil Abdel-Maguid Et Al.Journal Article20210610This study was conducted to assess genotoxic and histopathological changes induced by some chemicals applied in aquaculture as Oxytetracycline (OTC) from the antibiotics group, Malathion (MAL) from the pesticides group, or Formalin and malachite green [D1] [MF2] [MF3] FMG from disinfectants group in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) culture as a model of toxicological studies in aquatic surroundings. Fish were exposed to OTC in a dose of 80 mg ̸ kg/biomass/day, MAL in a dose of 0.1 ppm, or FMG in a dose of 100 ppm and 0.2 ppm respectively for 21 days. The genotoxic effect was determined through DNA damage detection by comet assay as revealed a significant increase in tail length, tail DNA%, and tail moment, all chemicals revealed DNA damage when compared to control. qPCR revealed significant (p <0.05) down regulation of immunity-related genes, MHC IIA, Tlr7, and IgM heavy chain in head-kidney and significant (p <0.05) upregulation in the expression level of the inflammatory gene, TNF-α, in liver tissue of all chemicals treated groups in comparison with a control group. Histopathological examination of liver and kidney revealed hepatocyte and renal damage.
[D1]Is malachite green [D1]is still applied in aquaculture in Egypt?
It is banned in many countries worldwide
[MF2]Used in fish hatcheries under restricted rules, and use only Zinc free malachite green
[MF3]The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613125320210501Estimation of the Standard Economic Factors Affecting Food Security Coefficient of Fish in Egypt46147817710810.21608/ejabf.2021.177108ENYaseen E. Abd El TawabJournal Article20210611The present paper was presented to address the economic dimension of the food security policy of fish in Egypt. Hence, a list of the following sub-objectives was targeted; study the current status of fish production and consumption in Egypt during the study period (2000-2018), estimate the strategic stocks and food security factor of fish in Egypt during the study period (2000-2018), and finally, examine the economic factors affecting the food security factor of fish in Egypt during the study period. The current findings showed that the increase of one million pounds in the agricultural sector investment led to an increase of 0.0014 units in the food security factor of fish. This indicates that a 10% increase in investment in the agricultural sector would lead to the possibility of a 23% increase in the food security factor of Fish. The statistical significance level of 1%, recorded in the present work, assessed the considerable impact on the agricultural investment in the security factor of fish. Hence, verification for the rise in the value of real per capita income would be attainable; recording a shift from 5,300 pounds in 2000 to 26,117 pounds in 2018; with an increase of about 20,817 pounds, or about 392.8% of the value of per capita income in the year 2000, and with a general average of about 14,491.51 pounds during the period (2000-2018). The significance of the effect of real per capita income on the food security coefficient of fish was proved at the level of statistical significance of 1% which, in turn, fortifies the coefficient regression and the economic logic.The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613125320210501Incidence of Candidatus Piscichlamydia salmonis and Candidatus Clavochlamydia salmonicola in the farmed Brown Trout (Salmo trutta) in Ukraine.47948917727710.21608/ejabf.2021.177277ENZezekalo V. K. Et Al.Journal Article20210613The Rainbow trout (<em>Oncorhynchus mykiss</em>) and the Brown trout (<em>Salmo trutta</em>) are the most frequently farmed among fish of the <em>Salmonidae </em>family in Ukraine. The main cause of cultured <em>Salmonidae</em> fry mortality is gill disease of various etiologies. <em>Chlamydiae</em> species associated with epitheliocystis in the fish of <em>Salmonidae</em> family are <em>Candidatus </em>Clavochlamydia salmonicola and <em>Candidatus</em> Piscichlamydia salmonis. This research is dedicated to the study of farmed Brown trout (<em>Salmo trutta</em>) from a small private enterprise in the Lviv region. 80 samples were randomly taken from 8 ponds, 10 specimens from each reservoir in May 2019. Samples were examined by PCR for the presence of <em>Ca. </em>Clavochlamydia salmonicola and <em>Ca. </em>Piscichlamydia salmonis bacteria DNA. The studies were carried out in two stages: at the first stage, <em>Chlamydia</em>-positive samples were identified, at the next stage it was determined to which species they belonged to. As a result, first, in Ukraine, the <em>Ca. </em>Clavochlamydia salmonicola and <em>Ca.</em> Piscichlamydia salmonis bacteria DNA were detected in samples taken from Brown trout. 12 out of 80 samples (15%) were <em>Chlamydia</em>-positive, among them, 11 samples (13.8%) contained DNA of <em>Ca</em>. Piscichlamydia salmonis, two samples (2.5%) – DNA of Ca. Clavochlamydia salmonicola, one sample (1.25%) contained DNA of both <em>Ca.</em> Piscichlamydia salmonis and <em>Ca.</em> Clavochlamydia salmonicola. The prevalence of <em>Chlamydia</em>-like organisms in samples of various age groups was different, most frequently (9 out of 12) they were found in fish sizing up to 7 cm. Prominent clinical signs of epitheliocystis were only observed in two individuals (2.5%) sizing 2 cm (exophthalmos, eye damage) and 14.3 cm (gills and skin damage). In case of coinfection with the presence of both <em>Ca</em>. Piscichlamydia salmonis and <em>Ca</em>. Clavichlamydia salmonicola, the most severe course of epitheliocystis was observed.The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613125320210501Biochemical composition of some bivalves collected from the western coasts of Suez Gulf, Red Sea, Egypt49150417750310.21608/ejabf.2021.177503ENHosam A. M. El Mekawy Et Al.Journal Article20210613Bivalves are important components of the aquatic fauna. Its consumption has been increasing worldwide during the last decades. The study of biochemical composition is much more important from the nutritional point of view. So, this study was conducted to estimate the percentages of edibility, total proteins, total lipids and total carbohydrates of <em>Mactra</em> <em>olorina</em> (Family: Mactridae), <em>Callista</em> <em>florida</em>, <em>Circe</em> <em>rugifera</em> and <em>Gafrarium</em> <em>pectinatum</em> (Family: Veneridae) collected seasonally from the western coasts of the Suez Gulf, Egypt. The results of these parameters showed remarkable seasonal variations for the previous species. For edibility, <em>M</em>. <em>olorina</em> recorded the highest value, while <em>C</em>. <em>rugifera</em> has the lowest value. The highest annual values of total proteins recorded for <em>C</em>. <em>rugifera</em> and <em>C</em>. <em>florida</em> averaged 8.58±2.25 %, 8.19±3.87 %, respectively. While total lipids recorded a high annual value averaged 5.38±3.49% for <em>C</em>. <em>florida</em> and the minimum annual average of 1.90±1.64% for <em>M</em>. <em>olorina</em>. Furthermore, the highest annual value of total carbohydrates was 23.46±11.98% for <em>C</em>. <em>florida</em>, while the lowest value recorded in <em>G</em>. <em>pectinatum</em> (9.16±10.38%). However, this study concluded that <em>M</em>. <em>olorina</em> and <em>C</em>. <em>rugifera</em> consider as a good animal protein sources with high edibility percentage and lower lipid content for human consumption.The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613125320210501Growth, Condition, Maturity and Mortality of the Dwarf Gourami, Trichogaster lalius (Hamilton, 1822) in a Wetland Ecosystem (Beel Dakatia), Southwestern Bangladesh50552417844610.21608/ejabf.2021.178446ENNewton Saha Et Al.Journal Article20210618The dwarf gourami, <em>Trichogaster lalius</em>, is a low-cost freshwater edible fish for the people of South Asian countries containing a variety of essential nutrients. The first wide-ranging explanation on the population parameters specifically; length-frequency distribution (<em>LFD</em>), length-weight relationships (<em>LWRs</em>), length-length relationship (<em>LLR</em>), form factor (<em>a<sub>3.0</sub></em>), condition factors (allometric, <em>K<sub>A</sub></em>; Fulton’s, <em>K<sub>F</sub></em>; relative, <em>K<sub>R</sub></em>; relative weight, <em>W<sub>R</sub></em>), size at first sexual maturity (<em>L<sub>m</sub></em>) and natural mortality (<em>M<sub>w</sub></em>) of <em>T. lalius</em> were estimated. 768 specimens were collected over one calendar year (March 2019 to February 2020) from a wetland ecosystem named <em>Beel </em>Dakatia, Khulna, southwestern Bangladesh through various traditional fishing gears. Lengths (in cm) and weight (in g) were assessed through a wooden fitted measuring scale and digital balance with accuracy 0.1 cm and 0.01g, respectively. In the current study, the total length ranged from 2.6-9.9 cm while the bodyweight ranged from 0.63-23.80 g for <em>T. lalius</em>. The TL size for classes of 7.00 to 7.99 and 8.00 to 8.99 cm indicated numerically prominent groups. Moreover, the calculated allometric coefficient (<em>b</em>) of <em>LWRs</em> represented a negative allometric growth pattern (<em>b</em><3.00) for <em>T. lalius </em>in the <em>Beel </em>Dakatia. Noticeably, the <em>a<sub>3.0</sub></em> was 0.015 signifying that the fish is fusiform in shape. <em>K<sub>F</sub></em> is the best-suited tool to assess the well-being of <em>T. lalius</em> among the four types of condition factors. According to Wilcoxson signed-rank test, the <em>W<sub>R</sub></em> revealed significantly dissimilarities from 100 (<em>P<0.0001</em>), signifying the unbalanced territory for <em>T. lalius</em>. Moreover, the estimated <em>L<sub>m</sub></em> was 5.91 (~6.0) cm TL and <em>M<sub>w</sub></em> was 1.28 year<sup>-1</sup> in the <em>Beel </em>Dakatia, southwestern Bangladesh. Finally, the knowledge about the biological aspects of <em>T. lalius </em>may be used for improved management tools in the future.The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613125320210501Determination of quality and aqua veterinary drugs residues of some cultured fish and their processed products52553017946810.21608/ejabf.2021.179468ENSayed M. Ibrahim Et Al.Journal Article20210623This study was planned to determine the quality and aqua veterinary drug residues of some cultured fish and their processed products. Fish samples of the Nile tilapia (<em>Oreochromis niloticus</em>) and mullet (<em>Mugil cephalus</em>) were purchased from a fish farm at El-Fayoum, Egypt during September 2020 and cooked by grilling and frying methods. Quality indices of pH, total volatile nitrogen (TVN), trimethylamine (TMA), thiobarbituric acid (TBA) as well as safety parameters; eight aqua veterinary drugs residues, total plate count (TPC), and spore-forming bacteria (SFB) were determined. Results showed that values of quality parameters were based mainly on fish species and cooking method conditions and they were within the maximum permissible limits (MPLs). With regard to safety, although TPC and SFB were among permitted counts the raw tilapia samples contained 7428ppb tetracycline and 5000ppb aminoglycosides, respectively, however, residues of these compounds were neither detected in grilled or fried tilapia products nor in raw, grilled or fried mullet products as well. In conclusion, although cultured fish samples are of good quality they are contaminated, especially raw tilapia, by high levels with tetracycline and aminoglycosides residues. It is worthy to mention that, cooking methods could reduce those compounds up to 100%. Hence, in this study, the usage of drugs was recommended to never exceed the MPLs and to ensure withdrawal periods before fish marketing.The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613125320210501Antiproliferative and antioxidant activities of the edible crab Callinectes sapidus hepatopancreas and hemolymph extracts53155017965910.21608/ejabf.2021.179659ENSomaia M. Zakzok Et Al.Journal Article20210624Crabs, decapods crustaceans, have been recognized as a rich natural source of unique antioxidant and therapeutic agents. <em>Callinectes sapidus</em> is an edible crab used as a popular food source in coastal cities like Port Said, Egypt. In the present study, <em>in vitro</em> cytotoxic and antioxidant properties of the hepatopancreas and hemolymph of <em>C. sapidus</em> were investigated on some human cell lines (HeLa, HepG 2, MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and WI-38). The MTT results showed that both extracts possess selective cytotoxicity against HepG2, MCF-7 and HeLa. No cytotoxicity was observed on normal lung cells (WI-38). The hepatopancreas and hemolymph showed the highest antiproliferative activity against HeLa cells (IC<sub>50</sub>: 0.39 and 2.01 mg/ml respectively). Flow cytometry revealed that both extracts can induce apoptosis in HeLa cells and cause cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase after 48 h treatment. Hepatopancreas showed greater DPPH radical-scavenging activity with IC<sub>50 </sub>value of 38.99 µg/ml than hemolymph (IC<sub>50 </sub>value of 464 µg/ml). Both extracts at 2 mg/ml were effective to attenuate the perturbations in the tested parameters (superoxide dismutase, catalase, reduced glutathione and malondialdehyde) of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-induced oxidative stress in WI-38 cells. Findings suggest that these blue crab extracts have protective effects on H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-induced lipid peroxidation and might be used for the development of new drugs against human cervical adenocarcinoma.The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613125320210501The effect of different stocking densities of marine shrimp larvae Litopeneaus vannamei on growth performance and survival rate using biofloc technology55156917960910.21608/ejabf.2021.179609ENMervat A. M. Ali Et Al.Journal Article20210624There is a need to develop diets for shrimp cultured in Egypt in different rearing systems that will provide sufficient protein for shrimp production while minimizing the amount of nitrogen being introduced into the culture medium. Biofloc technology (BFT) is a new application in keeping up good water quality and growth performance of shrimp cultured. The present experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of three different stocking densities of <em>Litopeneaus vannamei</em> and the carbon source (sugarcane bagasse) with biofloc and commercial diet (38% CP) with a control system. The impact of the aforementioned variables was recorded with respect to water quality, microbial communities, biofloc composition, growth performance, feed utilization, and survival rates of shrimp. Shrimp were stocked with different densities (12, 14 and16 larvae/l) in 18 tanks with a water volume of 150 L for 90-days; triplicate groups of shrimp for both biofloc treatment and control. Shrimp were fed thrice daily at a ratio of 14% of body weight (initial weight of mean 0.002g) and re-adjusted gradually to 5% at the end of the experiment. The water quality parameters {temperature, salinity, PH, total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), nitrite (NO<sub>2</sub>), nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub>), phosphate (PO<sub>4</sub>), total suspended solids (TSS) and biofloc volume (BFV)} were suitable for culture of <em>L. vannamei</em> in biofloc and control treatments. TSS and BFV were significantly higher in biofloc treatments compared to control. Growth performance and survival rate were better in all biofloc treatments. The results suggest that 16 larvae/l BF treatment is the best stocking density according to the economic analysis. The addition of a carbon source into <em>L. vannamei</em> culture reduced the total ammonia-N compounds, increasing total heterotrophic microorganisms. Furthermore, the increase in total heterotrophic bacteria loaded an effect on the increase of the zooplankton community which, in return, improved the growth performance and survival rate of shrimp. The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613125320210501Screening of Some Algal Oils to Select the Best Algal Biodiesel Resource57158817978010.21608/ejabf.2021.179780ENBadr Hussein KhorshedMira Ausama Al-KatibJournal Article20210625Recently, algae seem to be a promising feedstock for the future alternative fuel (green fuel) instead of fossil fuel. Algae (macro- and micro-algae) may represent as a main resource for biofuel and biodiesel due to their high biosynthesis effeminacy to produce lipids and fatty acids comparing to other types of biomass. Algae can be an interesting source of commercial and eco-friendly fuel due to algae local availability and low CO<sub>2</sub> emission, respectively. The current study was conducted to compare the percentage of oil production in three different genera of algae, including <em>Cosmarium</em>, <em>Spirogyra</em> and <em>Chara</em>, and examine the ability of using the algae oil as an alternative fuel for industrial purposes. Soxhlet-based method and n- hexane organic solvent were used for extraction of algae oils followed by biochemical analysis and gas chromatography (GC-Mass) technique for algae oil detection. The algae <em>Cosmarium</em> had 2.8 % algal oil yield, and recorded the highest yield of the total fatty acids (65.60 %), whereas <em>Spirogyra</em> recorded a low result by producing 32.07 %, noting that <em>Chara</em> alga showed the lowest value (21.58). The chemical analysis of algal oils showed that the quality of algae oil fatty acids proved to be the best choice. <em>Cosmarium</em> oil recorded the highest ratio (2.05 %) for unsaturated fatty acids (USAFA)/ saturated fatty acids (SAFA) and the degree of unsaturation (DU) was 84.86. While, <em>Spirogyra</em> and <em>Chara</em> showed that the value of USAFA/SAFA was 1.58 and 0.56 % with DU of 27.74 and 9.68, respectively. In this context, <em>Cosmarium</em> alga proved to be the best feedstock for biomass of algal oil production with astounding properties of algal biodiesel.The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613125320210501The Influence of Discharge Effluents on the River Nile Water Quality at Aswan Governorate, Egypt58960617982010.21608/ejabf.2021.179820ENSayeda M. Ali Et Al.Journal Article20210625The disposal of El-Sail drain, Kom Ombo drain, Edfu ferroalloys factory, and Edfu sugar cane factory around Aswan city poses a serious threat to the River Nile waters, especially El-Sail and Kom Ombo drains which recorded higher microbial load. Kom Ombo drain recorded higher total bacterial counts (TBC) at 22 ºC (1800 x10<sup>3</sup> cfu/ml), thermophilic bacteria (259 cfu/ml) and spore-forming bacteria (15.8 x10<sup>3</sup> cfu/ml). While El-Sail drain recorded higher TBC at 37 <sup>o</sup>C (137 x10<sup>3</sup> cfu/ml) and higher values for indicator bacteria (total coliforms, faecal coliforms, and faecal streptococci). In addition, warmer seasons (spring and summer) showed higher counts of indicator bacteria <em>Salmonella</em> sp. and <em>Shigella</em> sp. in 22 and 30 % of samples, respectively, whereas <em>Escherichia coli</em> was detected in all sites, recording the highest values at El-Sail drain samples. Furthermore, El-Sail drain samples recorded the highest values for electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, biochemical oxygen demand, NH<sub>3</sub>, NO<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup> and PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3-</sup>, while Kom Ombo drain samples recorded the highest values for water temperature and NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>. Ranks of water quality index (WQI) were good in all sites, except for the disposal sites which ranged from fair to marginal. In conclusion, the River Nile water at Aswan governorate is heavily polluted, especially at El-Sail drain and Kom Ombo drain. Consequently, treatment and safe disposal of different industrial and domestic wastes are recommended.The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613125320210501Growth-Promoting and Immunomodulatory Impacts of Commercial Stimulants on Kuruma Shrimp, Penaeus japonicus (Bate, 1888) Juveniles60761717982110.21608/ejabf.2021.179821ENEl-Sayed H. Eissa Et Al.Journal Article20210625 A stocking rate of 20 juveniles of healthy Japanese shrimp “<em>Penaeus japonicas</em>”, with an average initial body weight of 0.1+0.3 g and a total body length of 1.4+0.1 cm, was acclimatized in cultivating fiberglass tanks (100 L volume) for ten days. Four diets were created based on the proximate installation of the fodder ingredients (C: control, B: 2.5 g bactocell, A: 2.5 g agrimos and BA: 2.5 g bactocell +1g[H1] agrimos)/ kg diet. Shrimps were dispensed into four empirical diets as 3 replicates per each. For sixty days, thrice a day, larvae were fed with experimental diets until satiation. The juveniles were weighed every ten days. Hemolymph was possessed randomly from selected juveniles in each group to determine the total hemocyte (THC), the hyaline cells (HCs), and the granular cells (GCs). The survival of the juveniles fed on BA was significantly high (P>0.05) compared to the juveniles fed on the other diets. Specific growth rate (SGR) of kuruma shrimp fed on BA and B was significantly higher (P>0.05) than juveniles fed on other experimental diets. The preferable feed conversion ratio (FCR[H2] ) was for the juveniles fed on BA diet. The high significant protein productive value (PPV), energy retention (ER), and protein efficiency ratio (PER) [H3] were addressed with respect to the juveniles fed on BA. Compared to the control group, a considerable excess was recorded in THC in groups fed on B, A, and BA. The average percentage of GCs for the group fed on A diet was considerably lower than the other juveniles, but no statistically significant variance was detected (P <0.05). Notably, the average percentage of total hemolymph count cells in C group (control group) was considerably lower than that in the other groups (P<0.05[l4] )
[H1]Why authors did use here 1 g of agrimos instead of 2.5 g agrimose?
[H2] Any abbreviation in the abstract should be identified.
[H3] [H3] Any abbreviation in the abstract should be identified.
[l4] In the abstract you need to: 1- justify why this study was conducted. 2- show the importance of the obtained resuts of the current study..The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613125320210501Trace Metals (Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn, and Ni,) Concentrations in the Sea Cucumber Holothuria tubulosa (Gmelin, 1791) of the Algerian West Coast61963317988210.21608/ejabf.2021.179882ENFaycal Chahrour Et Al.Journal Article20210625The present work was organized to evaluate the trace metal contaminations of Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn, and Ni in the organs of Holothuria tubulosa (Gmelin, 1791), at two sites on the Algerian west coast; Ain Franine (AF) and Sidi Lakhdar (SL). The obtained concentrations revealed the presence of heterogeneous metal contents and showed that the most important concentrations were relatively detected in zinc, with values of the male gonads at the level of AF (16.39 ± 2.38 mg / kg PF) for winter and SL (4.65 ± 0.59mg / kg PF) for summer. The lowest zinc values were recorded on the integument for the two sites. The highest Cu values were recorded in spring on the integument of two groups of Holothuria tubulosa. Nickel concentrations showed a high value in the integuments in males (1.08 ± 0.03mg / kgP.F) at AF during summer and at SL in spring (0.93 ± 0.02mg / kg PF). While they recorded the lowest values in winter for sea cucumbers of FA and in spring for those of SL for the same organ. The lead concentrations revealed high values on the integument with (1.77 ± 0.56 mg / kg PF) in winter for SL sea cucumbers and (1.36 ± 0.04 mg / kg PF) in summer for those from AF. Moreover, cadmium targeted the same organ as lead where high values were noticed on the integuments during fall for the two communities of sea cucumbers of the order of (0.51 ± 0.03 mg / kg PF) to AF and from (0.43 ± 0.01mg / kg PF) to SL. The analysis of the metal concentrations obtained revealed that, despite the difference in the biotope, the two communities of Holothuria tubulosa did not present a significant difference (P> 0.005) for all the metals considered.The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613125320210501Effect of feeding regime and stocking density on the growth performance of sea cucumber Holothuria scabra63564617997810.21608/ejabf.2021.179978ENMohammed Broom Et Al.Journal Article20210626The rapid expansion of intensive sea cucumber farming makes it necessary to optimize the culture procedures to maximize the production in a profitable economic method. In this study, the effects of feeding rhythms and two stocking densities on the growth of sea cucumber <em>Holothuria scabra </em>were examined under controlled conditions. Specific growth rate, total weight increment, weight gain day<sup>-1</sup> were determined for the sea cucumber fed in day-time; night-time and on two stocking densities (10 and 20 juveniles m<sup>-2</sup>). The impact of the feeding rhythm and stocking density on sediment quality was also evaluated. The feeding regimes did not affect the growth performance of sea cucumber, although the night feeding showed faster growth and the highest specific growth rate and daily weight gain when compared to the day-time feeding. Stocking densities tested showed a decrease in specific growth rate with the increase of stocking density, although it was not significant. In conclusion, this study showed that stocking of sea cucumber juveniles up to 20 individuals m<sup>-2</sup> is viable for farming under supplemental feed. The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613125320210501Reproductive biology of horse mackerel Trachurus trachurus (Linnaeus, 1758) in the North Atlantic Moroccan coast64766617998110.21608/ejabf.2021.179981ENAhmed El Achi Et Al.Journal Article20210626The present study addressed the reproductive biology of the horse mackerel, <em>Trachurus trachurus</em>, in the northern area of the Moroccan Atlantic between December 2015 and November 2016, to provide more biological elements for stock management and good analysis of population dynamics. Monthly monitoring of the gonado-somatic index (GSI), the condition factor (K) and the stages of sexual maturity in the horse mackerel revealed that it is in reproductive activity during the period from January to June, with a peak spawning in February for females, and January for males. In addition, the length of the first sexual maturity was estimated at 21.75 cm (TL) for males and 22.75 cm (TL) for females. The evolution of the sex ratio showed a dominance of females overall size classes and during all seasons with an overall value of 0.58. The determination of fecundity allowed to assess that the total fecundity varies between 11424 and 114464 eggs with an average of 49072 ± 25045. For the relative fecundity, it varied between 159 and 770 eggs per gram of total weight, with an average of 426 ± 132, for a total length interval of 19 to 32.5 cm.The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613125320210501A Review on Freshwater Fish Diversity of India and Concept of DNA Barcoding in Fish Identification66769317999610.21608/ejabf.2021.179996ENKushal Thakur Et Al.Journal Article20210626Fish contribute faintly more than one-half of the total of vertebrates and India contributes to about 7.7% of global fish diversity. Fish and their diverse progressive phase sometimes find it difficult to recognize by morphological feature alone because of the high variety and phenotypic plasticity. Even within the species of fish, individual genetic distances may be found depending on the environmental stress and water quality which play an important role in its minor morphometric variations. There remains a need for taxonomic experts for single specimen identification. For less experienced user or non-specialist, it is difficult to identify the species which they encounter. Notably, DNA barcoding seems to be a more reliable approach for species identification, which is rapid and cost-effective. DNA barcode is based on the sequence divergence pattern of the cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene. DNA barcoding focuses on developing reference libraries of barcode sequences. FISH-BOL (Fish barcode of life) and international barcoding of life (iBOL.org) project is established as a reference DNA barcode library for all fishes. Recently, morphological analysis and DNA barcoding are conjointly used as a taxonomical approach for fish species identification. In this essence, the current review aimed to investigate the fish diversity and status of DNA barcoding of fish in India. The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613125320210501Effect of bioaccumulation and biosedimentation of some heavy metals on histological features in the cichlid fish, Tilapia zillii inhabiting Lake Qarun, Egypt.69571118068010.21608/ejabf.2021.180680ENAhmed Y. H. Elwasify Et Al.Journal Article20210629The present study was aimed to investigate the bioaccumulation and biosedimentation factors of some heavy metals in <em>Tilapia zillii</em> inhabiting Lake Qarun, Egypt during the year, 2015- 2016. Water, sediments and fish samples were collected during the period of study. The present study exhibited that, the higher levels of bioaccumulation and biosedimentation factors were recorded in liver samples except for Mn; gills showed their high accumulation while the lower levels of all studied metals were observed in muscle samples. The results indicated the differences of some heavy metals accumulation in different tissues of fish with an increasing rate in the liver during winter and spring except for Zn that attained the higher level in the liver during autumn for bioaccumulation factor and spring for biosedimentation one. The liver of <em>T. zillii</em> accumulated higher levels of Cd, Cu, Fe and Zn than other organs. The results showed that the bioaccumulation factor of Cd, Fe and Mn in fish organs was greater than biosedimentation factor, and this implies that the fish bioaccumulated these metals from the water. While, biosedimentation factor of copper and zinc in the fishes was higher than bioaccumulation one, and this refers to the fact that the fishes bioaccumulated these metals from the sediment. Histopathologically results showed congestion in the interstitial blood vessel and multifocal necrotic areas in renal tubules. While, vacuolated hepatocytes, dilated central vein, compressed blood sinusoids, and congestion were seen in fish liver. Furthermore, intermuscular edematous areas between the muscle bundles were obvious. The increased rate of bioaccumulation, biosedimentation factors, and histopathological changes in the target organs indicated the high risk to fish health and human consumption. Thus, the current study showed that precautionary measures should be taken to prevent heavy metal pollution in the future. The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613125320210501Inhibitory effect of nano selenium on the recurrence of Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria in Cyprinus carpio71373818090110.21608/ejabf.2021.180901ENAhmed H. Sherif Et Al.Journal Article20210629The recurrence of bacterial infection in fish is related to several factors, including the immune status and oxidative state. A total number of 240<em> Cyprinus carpio</em> was divided into four treatments; control (T1) fed on a free diet and three treatments (T2–4) fed on supplemented diet with nanoparticles of selenium Se NPs (1 mg/kg fish feed) for 10, 20, and 30 days, respectively. Supplemented fish with Se NPs for 30 days (T4) had significantly higher total protein and globulin content (5.83 and 3.1 g/dl, respectively) compared to the control indicating an enhanced immune status. Fish fed on Se NPs supplementation for 30 days (T4) recorded significantly higher anti-inflammatory cytokine “interleukin (IL)-10”, while the pro-inflammatory cytokines “tumor necrosis factor (TNF)–α, IL-1β, and IL-8” reduced significantly compared to the control. Antioxidant enzymes (glutathione peroxidase GPx, catalase CAT, and superoxide dismutase SOD) were gradually and significantly enhanced in a time-dependent manner. Genotoxicity (DNA damages, DNA fragmentation, and presence of micronuclei) was low in supplemented fish while challenged fish performed in an opposite manner. However, Se NPs supplementation had overcome those withdraws causing a decrease in the signs of genotoxicity. Se NPs improved the immunity, antioxidant, and histopathological status of <em>C. carpio</em> showing enhancements in disease resistance, as reducing the chance of recurrence of <em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em> infection and genotoxicity. The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613125320210501Assessment of nitrogen pollution of groundwater in the Maamora Gharb aquifer, Morocco73975818122110.21608/ejabf.2021.181221ENMourad BOUITA Et Al.Journal Article20210701The present study was conducted to assess the impact of agricultural intensification and the spreading of untreated wastewater on the physical and chemical quality of groundwater in Kénitra (Gharb, Morocco). The physicochemical parameters monitored were: T°C, pH, EC, NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>, NO<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup>, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>, Cl<sup>-</sup>, SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup>, HCO<sub>3</sub>, and the total hardness (TH) of raw water from boreholes on the Maâmora aquifer. The groundwater of the kenitra water table showed the following mean values: Temperature (20 ° C), pH (6.47), Electrical Conductivity (785.1 µs / cm), Nitrite (0.0093 mg / L), Nitrate (84.22 mg / L), Ammonia (0.093 mg / L), Chlorides (141 mg / L), HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> (5 meq / L), Total Hardness (13.9 meq / L), and Sulphates (17.7 mg / L). More specifically, the current study notified high concentrations of nitrates in some wells (up to 2692 mg / L). Hence, the effects of polluted groundwater should be highly concerned due to their serious health consequences. For sustainable use, policymakers must protect the aquifer from the uncontrolled development of agriculture and the spraying of unreasonable masses of pesticides, nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers.The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613125320210501First record of an intermediate thiarid snail host; Tarebia granifera (Lamarck, 1822) of the lung trematod (Paragonomus westermani Kerbert) in Qena Province, Upper Egypt75977218134110.21608/ejabf.2021.181341ENAhmed S. Moustafa Et Al.Journal Article20210702In a one-year study, a new record of the freshwater thiarid snail, <em>Tarebia granifera</em>, was collected in huge amounts from the River Nile in Qena province, Upper Egypt. <em>Tarebia granifera </em>is a highly invasive species that has spread throughout the tropical world and can displace native gastropods as well as cause damage to water systems by clogging pipes and machinery. The shell is extremely variable in size, shape, and sculpture: obtusely to elongate conical, elevated spire up to 8 – 13 whorls, the ultimate whorl large; coarsely sculptured by elevated ridges in a vertical and spiral direction, causing a pattern of strong and blunt nodules. It was noticed that the apex is always eroded and the umbilicus is closed. Aperture is almost vertical, oval, pointed above, and rounded below. The operculum is corneous, opaque, dark reddish-brown. The type of operculum of the investigated snail is paucispiral with the nucleus placed in the far bottom right corner. Growth lines are coarse and irregular. The soft parts show the typical parts of the gastropod body, which are; the head, foot, and visceral mass. The head and foot of the active snail can be seen protruding out of the shell. The pallial organs are typically like thiarid in both form and position. The mantle is the most important and specialized organ of the Gastropoda, for it not only bears the glands that secrete the shell but it also serves as a base to which the ctenidium, ospharadium, and several excretory and reproductive outlets are attached. The mantle of the present species is a thin, fleshy, cone-shaped cap and hangs over the body. It is appressed closely to the interior of the last half of the last whorl and thus creates an open cavity into which water may enter freely to bathe the gills. The anterior border bears a series of 4– 5 large, projecting, fleshy papillae; the farthest to the left being the largest. The four papillae, the farthest to the left, are bulbous at their basal attachment to the mantle and are pointed at their distal ends, which may be seen projecting well beyond the edge of the shell. While, to the right, there are 6 to 8 progressively smaller papillae that are not bulbous at their base and act as the accessory respiratory systems and as chemoreceptors.
The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613125320210501Temporal Variations in Length-Weight Relationship, Condition Factor and Biological Indices of Snow Trout, Schizothorax labiatus Thriving in River Sindh of Indian Himalayan Region77378618139810.21608/ejabf.2021.181398ENKousar Jan Et Al.Journal Article20210702Fisheries conservation and management studies require a comprehensive description of the general well-being of fish which can initially be obtained through the study of different biological parameters of snow trout, <em>Schizothorax labiatus</em> collected from river Sindh. To evaluate the condition of <em>S. labiatus</em>, the present work was carried out by studying length-weight relationship (LWR), condition factor (K), gonadosomatic index (GSI), and hepatosomatic index (HSI) with respect to sex and seasons. The results of LWR revealed that positive allometric growth was observed in both sexes of <em>S. labiatus</em> in all seasons, except summer and autumn (males) where negative allometric growth was recorded. Significantly (<em>p < /em><0.05) highest K and HSI values for both sexes of <em>S. labiatus</em> were recorded during autumn while the poorest value was noted in the season of spring. On the contrary, significantly (<em>p < /em><0.05) maximum GSI value for both sexes was noted in spring, while the minimum value was recorded during summer. Although, significant (<em>p < /em><0.05) differences in K, GSI, and HSI values were recorded among seasons, yet no significant (<em>p < /em>>0.05) difference was detected between the sexes, except in spring for K and GSI. Hence, it was concluded that seasonality difference in condition indices could be accredited to gonadal changes, feeding intensity, and energy distribution.The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613125320210501Effects of different feeding levels and frequencies on growth performance, feed utilization, survival and body composition of the freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man, 1879).78780218140210.21608/ejabf.2021.181402ENMadlen M. Habashy Et Al.Journal Article20210702A 12-week randomized factorial design 3 x 4 x 2 (three feeding levels, four feeding frequencies, and two replicates) rearing trial was conducted in glass aquariums with an average initial weight of 0.014 ± 0.01 g/ pL<sub>25</sub> and an average initial length of 1.10 ± 0.12 cm/ of freshwater prawn, <em>Macrobrachium</em> <em>rosenbergii</em>. The study was conducted to examine the effects of three feeding levels and four feeding frequencies on growth performances, survival rate % feed utilization and body composition. Three feeding levels of 3, 5 and 10% of daily recorded body weight and four feeding frequencies were performed; once/day at 9.00 h, twice/day at 9.00 and 20.00h, thrice/day at 9.00, 15.00 and 21.00h, and four times/day at 9.00, 13.00, 17.00 and 21.00h. The results revealed that, mean final weight (g/animal), mean final length (cm/animal), gain in weight (g/animal), gain in length %, SGR and survival rate % were significantly (P£ 0.01) increased with increasing feeding level and exhibited the highest values at the 5% feeding level. While, feed conversion ratio, feed efficiency ratio, protein efficiency ratio and feed intake (g/animal) were significantly (P £ 0.01) the best at the 3% feeding level. Feeding frequency affected the growth performance values significantly which increased with increasing feeding frequencies and had the best values at the feeding frequency of 3 times daily. Interaction between feeding levels and feeding frequencies in all parameters was studied. Results concluded that feeding levels of 5% body weight daily at feeding frequencies of 3 times daily for freshwater prawn,<em> Macrobrachium</em> <em>rosenbergii</em>, juveniles exhibited the highest growth performance, survival rate % and the best feed utilization parameters. In this context, it seems to be the most desirable feeding level and frequency under these experimental conditions.
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The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613125320210501Otolith biometrics and their relationships with fish sizes of Butis koilomatodon living in Mekong Delta, Vietnam80381418145910.21608/ejabf.2021.181459ENTran T. H. Lam Et Al.Journal Article20210703Otolith dimension and mass of <em>Butis koilomatodon</em> sampled along estuaries in Mekong Delta from January 2020 to December 2020 were used to test the similarity of left and right otolith in a pair, as well as the otolith variation between male and female monthly in four sampling locations. The left otolith was not different in size and mass from the right one. The otolith length and weight of males were greater than females but not the width. The highest otolith dimensions were recorded in the dry season, but the otolith weight was similar in both dry and wet seasons. Besides, otolith biometric and weight were also similar in four sampling sites. The otolith mass had relatively to fish body weight, demonstrating that otolith weight could be considered an indicator to predict the fish length, body height, head length, and weight.The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613125320210501Adjustment and Application of the Band Gap of Nano Titanium Dioxide: Its Usefulness on Photo degradation of Wastewater (phenol)81583018146910.21608/ejabf.2021.181469ENMoatasem AlSalih Et Al.Journal Article20210703 A high concentration of phenol and its derivatives were found in the surface water of the Euphrates River in south Iraq's Nasiriya city causing its pollution from the wastewater derived from different chemicals. This study includes modification of the TiO2 (anatase) bandgap by doping with platinum atoms using the sol-gel method. The modification would reduce the gap separating energy levels between conduction band CB and valance band VB, which in turn, would facilitate the transfer of excited electrons from VB to CB. Absorption of the energy from incident photons having the same or larger energy than that of the bandgap would promote the formation of the couple (electron-hole). The resulting (e-/h+) couple would act to produce (˙OH) radicals. ˙OH radicals haze a power with full capacity to destroy organic pollutants in the water that are absorbed on the surface of the photocatalytic TiO2. The structure of prepared TiO2 powders was dulcified using XRD, the particle size and their distribution were characterized using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The photocatalytic reaction was followed out using ATR-FTIR, UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The effect of the weight of the photocatalytic catalyst (TiO2) from (0.10 – 0.83 g. L-1) was studied to monitor its effect on the rate of decomposition of phenol on the pre-determined aqueous solution of the compound. The most effective weight was found to equal (0.43 g. L-1). The activities of TiO2 (anatase) and doped TiO2 with platinum were studied under the influence of a source of UV light and direct sunlight under the same conditions. The results revealed that the reaction obeys first-order kinetics having a rate constant of 4.69x10-6 min-1 for TiO2 and 9.44x10-6 min-1 for doped TiO<sub>2</sub>.The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613125320210501Toxicity of Anthracene on the Function of the Liver and Kidney of the Common Carp Cyprinus carpio83184018230210.21608/ejabf.2021.182302ENEstabraq N. Abdul Lateef Et Al.Journal Article20210706Anthracene, composed of three-ringed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, is a widely known hazardous ubiquitous environmental pollutant. Anthracene is used to make dyes, plastics, and pesticides. The study aimed to estimate the effects of anthracene on liver and kidney functions of common carp. Ninety fishes were adapted and acclimated to the laboratory conditions for one week before starting the experiment, then they were exposed to (7.5mg/L, 10mg/L, 12.5mg/L) of anthracene for 72 hours. Results demonstrated that the LD<sub>50</sub> of anthracene in fish was (10 mg/L) according to the LC<sub>50</sub> values. Fish were then exposed to three sub-lethal concentrations of the anthracene (2.5 mg/L, 5 mg/L and 7.5 mg/L) and a control with 0.00 mg/L. Afterwards (72 hours, 10 days, 20 days) fishes were sacrificed to take the kidney and liver to estimate the organs’ function. The liver enzymes (AST, ALT and ALP) assessed were higher than the control group values. The higher recorded average of ALT was 26.87 (U/L) after exposure to anthracene (7.5mg/L), while the lowest average of ALT in the control group was 4.64 (U/L). Moreover, the lowest average of AST was 4.09 (U/L) in the control group, whereas the highest average was 27.58 (U/L) after exposure to anthracene (7.5mg/L). For ALP, the lowest average was 4.54 (U/L) in the control group while the highest was 18.52 (U/L) after exposure to anthracene (7.5mg/L). In addition, creatinine and urea levels in kidney tissue showed a significant increase when compared to the control group. The highest average of creatinine recorded was 0.83 mg/dL in the group treated with 7.5 mg/L and the lowest average was 0.14mg/dl in the control group. On the other hand, the highest average of urea recorded was 21.48 mg/dl in the group treated with 7.5 mg/L, while the lowest average was 8.66 mg/dl in the control group. This study concluded that the anthracene has a toxic effect on the liver and kidney of the common carp.
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The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613125320210501Association between Coral Community Coverage with Coral Reef Fish Communities at Samber Gelap Island, South Kalimantan, Indonesia86188118296810.21608/ejabf.2021.182968ENRina Iskandar Et Al.Journal Article20210710Coral reefs are rich marine ecosystems that support a great degree of biodiversity. This is important for fish, with many fish species relying on coral reefs as their primary habitat. The current study aimed to analyze the variations of coral coverage and their relationship to fish abundance. This study was conducted in April 2019, in the waters of Samber Gelap Island, Kotabaru, South Kalimantan. The research used LIT (Line Intercept Transect) and UVC (Underwater Visual Census) methods to study coral coverage and fish abundance at 5 different stations, with each station having 3 transects of 50 meters in length. The results indicated that the highest coral coverage was station 5 (42.08%), which was classified as a fair category. This result was directly proportional to the abundance of coral reef fish at station 5 (781 individuals). In addition, the correlation test results between the effect of coral coverage and coral reef fish abundance showed a correlation value of 0.972. It was indicated that coral coverage had a strong influence on the abundance of coral reef fish in the waters of Samber Gelap Island, Kotabaru, South Kalimantan. The water conditions of Samber Gelap Island were classified as being supportive of coral reef life, except for current speed and brightness. In general, the percentage of coral cover in this location was categorized as being damaged, with the highest coverage found at station 5. In addition, station 5 also exhibited the highest number of coral reef fish abundance.The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613125320210501Biochemical, Histopathological, and Genetic Impacts of River Nile Pollutants on the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)88389918297810.21608/ejabf.2021.182978ENAnas A. Heiba Et Al.Journal Article20210710<span>Water pollution is one of the most principal environmental and public health problems in the River Nile. In the present study, aims were directed to evaluate the biochemical, histopathological, and genetic effects of El- Rahawy Drain pollutants on the Nile tilapia (<em>Oreochromis niloticus</em>). Hence, during the summer of 2018 and winter 2019, fish samples were collected from two locations (upstream and downstream) of El-Rahawy drain in the River Nile at the Rosetta Branch. Biochemical studies (Total Protein, Albumin, Globulin, A/G, total lipids, Cholesterol, AST, and ALT) were carried out for the specimens and important results were revealed. Compared with the fish caught from the upstream, a deterioration was detected in the health status of the downstream- fish; displaying more extreme histopathological and molecular variations. Using SSR (simple sequence repeats) to detect the molecular effects of water pollutants on <em>O. niloticus</em>, molecular markers indicated genetic differences in fish samples from the same sex in the different studied locations. Consequently, to prevent disease outbreaks and aquatic ecosystem disturbances, the Rosetta Branch is recommended to have an intensive water-quality monitoring program, and wastewater treatment as well.</span>The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613125320210501Some Morphometric Relationship Traits of Talang Queenfish, Scomberoides commersonnianus (Lacépède, 1801) from Pakistan90190918300910.21608/ejabf.2021.183009ENSheikh M. AzamMuhammad Naeem0000-0002-5311-3557Journal Article20210710In the current study, 73 samples of <em>Scomberoides commersonnianus </em> of different body size with ranges of 20.5 to 56.9 cm were collected from Karachi, Pakistan. Specimens were used to examine some morphometrics as length-weight and length-length relations. To address the parameters, condition factors and their relations with respect to total length, fork length, standard length, head length and width, body girth, dorsal fin base and length, pectoral fin base and length, pelvic fin length, caudal fin length, anal fin width, and length were determined. Results showed a highly significant correlation among those parameters, concerning the increase in body weight and total length. For instance, a highly positive correlation was found between body weight and condition factor, while a non-significant relation was detected in total length and condition factor. Furthermore, the b recorded value for the coefficient of regression was 2.53 indicating a negative allometric growth pattern in <em>S.commersonnianus</em>. Interestingly, the resulted data would hopefully provide significant information on various morphometric parameters of Talang Queenfish (<em>Scomberoides commersonnianus)</em> to support zoologists and ichthyologists.The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613125320210501Effect of Rosemarinuso officinalis Leaves Extract on Growth Performance, Innate Immune Response, Antioxidant activity, and Disease Resistance of the Nile Tilapia91193718302810.21608/ejabf.2021.183028ENAlshimaa A. Khalil Et Al.Journal Article20210710The current study was carried out to assess the effect of the <em>Rosemarinus officinalis</em> extract (RE) as a feed additive on growth performance, immune response, antioxidant status, and disease resistance of the Nile tilapia (<em>Oreochromis niloticus</em>). Fish were randomly distributed into four groups. G<sub>1</sub> served as a control, while G<sub>2</sub>, G<sub>3,</sub> and G<sub>4</sub> were fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% of RE, respectively. After the experimental period (8 weeks), fish were experimentally infected with <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>. The results displayed enhanced growth performance [final body weight (FBW), weight gain (WG), weight gain% (WG%), and specific growth rate (SGR)] with a significant reduction in feed conversion rate (FCR) inG<sub>3</sub> and G<sub>4</sub>. A significant increase of the biometric indices [hebatosomatic index (HIS), splenosomatic index (SSI), and condition factor (K)] was recorded inG<sub>3</sub>, followed by G<sub>4 </sub>and G<sub>2 </sub>compared to G<sub>1</sub>. Serum levels of glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, creatinine and nitric oxide (NO) and activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) reduced significantly with increasing the concentration of RE fed. While levels of total protein, albumin, total globulin, γ globulin, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), and resistance against <em>S.Aureus</em> were significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner of RE fed. Additionally, the serum activity of lysozyme and level of myeloperoxidase (MPO) increased significantly in treated groups in a descending manner with increasing the concentration of RE in the feed. Thus, in the present work, the addition of ethanolic RE to the Nile tilapia diets proved to enhance growth performance, innate immunity, and physiological status of fish hence, presenting a promising feed additive in aquaculture.The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613125320210501Some biological and fisheries studies on the Lessepsian migrant shrimp scad Alepes djedaba from the Eastern Mediterranean coast of Egypt.93995418381810.21608/ejabf.2021.183818ENEl Ganainy A. A. Et Al.Journal Article20210713The Lessepsian migrant shrimp scad <em>Alepes djedaba</em> is an important component of the purse seine fishery in the Egyptian Mediterranean Sea. This study aimed to investigate the state of the fishery of <em>A. djedaba</em>. A total of 1391 specimens were collected from two landing sites in the Eastern Mediterranean (Damietta and Port Said) from January to December 2019. The estimated length-weight relationship (W= 0.003 L<sup>3.419</sup>) showed positive allometric growth. Aging by otolith readings was corroborated by length-frequency analysis and the results revealed three age groups with the second age group is dominant in the catch. The von Bertlanffy growth parameters estimated at L<strong><sub>∞</sub> = </strong>29.21 cm, K= 0.301, W<strong><sub>∞</sub></strong>= 307.4 g and t<sub>o</sub>= -1.2. The growth performance index was ɸ<strong>=</strong>2.41. The yield and biomass per recruit analysis showed that the current rate of fishing mortality (F<sub>curr</sub> = 0.872) was higher than the estimated biological reference points (F<sub>max</sub>, F<sub>0.1</sub> and F<sub>0.5</sub>). The percentage of the current biomass per recruit to the unexploited level was 20.76% which implied recruitment overfishing. The management measures should include reduction of fishing effort and controlling fishing gear.The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613125320210501Remote Sensing for Shoreline Response to the Construction of Breakwaters and Distribution of the Invasive Species Brachidontes pharaonis (Bivalvia, Mytilidae), Mediterranean Sea, Egypt95597818388910.21608/ejabf.2021.183889ENAhmed F. Salama Et Al.Journal Article20210714This work aimed to address the Egyptian Shoreline response to the construction of the Artificial Concrete Breakwaters (ACBs) and distribution of the invasive species <em>Brachidontes pharaonis</em> at the Mediterranean Sea from spring 2016 to winter 2017. For the estimation of erosion and accretion, the terrestrial satellite imagery was used, including multi-dates of MSS 1973, Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) imagery of 1984, and ETM 1990, 2001, and 2018. Two main methods were adopted; treatment and interpretation, in all the sites, studied, with the exception of Rosetta. During the period before the beginning of the construction of the Artificial Concrete Breakwaters (ACBs), erosion increased but accretion decreased. However, the exact contrary occurred after construction, where erosion decreased but accretion increased. <em>Brachidontes pharaonis</em> inhabits hard substrates. Temporal average densities recorded their highest in spring and winter, but the lowest was detected in summer. On a spatial level, its maximum mean density occurred at the Baltiem Artificial Concrete Breakwaters (ACBs), while the minimum density was observed at El Dabaa Artificial Concrete Breakwaters (ACBs). The highest absolute value was listed during autumn in the Baltiem Site, while El Dabaa concrete breakwaters showed the lowest.The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613125320210501Effect of stocking density on survival rate, growth performance, swim bladder inflation and skeletal deformity of the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) larvae.97999418464810.21608/ejabf.2021.184648ENHeba S. El-Sayed Et Al.Journal Article20210717<span>Stocking density (STD) occupied a seniority theme in the majority of aquaculture research plans due to its impact on the interest of the farmed fish and the urgent need for future advice managing STD in marine fish hatcheries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of STD (50, 75, 100 and 125 larvae l</span><sup>-1</sup>) on growth parameters, survival rate, swim bladder inflation (SBI) and skeletal deformity of European sea bass (<em>Dicentrarchus labrax</em>)post-larvae. Two days post-hatch (dph), <em>D. labrax</em> larvae (2.5 mm) were stocked in 4 m<sup>3</sup> tanks at different STDs. The results showed that larvae stocked at density 50 larvae l<sup>-1</sup>had significantly higher total length on 60 dph compared with the other treatments which showed no significant difference among them. Bodyweight and survival rate were significantly decreased by increasing the STD. Functional swim bladder at 21 dph was inversely correlated with STD where larvae stocked at 50 and 75 l<sup>-1</sup> had significantly higher functional swim bladder than other investigated densities. Incidence of appearance of one skeletal deformity in the pre-haemal or caudal region significantly increased with increasing STD and was inversely correlated with SBI. On the other hand, the appearance of two skeletal deformities was only recorded in larvae stocked at 125 l<sup>-1</sup>. The results of the current research showed that the best performance of <em>D. labrax</em> larvae was achieved in lower STD and that it must not exceed 75 larvae l<sup>-1</sup>.The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613125320210501Association Between Water Courses lining, Water Quality and Aquatic Vegetation in Two Egyptian Governorates995101218484610.21608/ejabf.2021.184846ENNahed M. Ismail Et Al.Journal Article20210720The pattern of association between water canals lining, water quality and aquatic vegetation in Beheira and Giza governorates was studied. Samples of water and Aquatic plants were collected from the examining sites during four seasons in two successive years. Results showed that water conductivity and total dissolved salts in lined sites were significantly lower than those of unlined ones (P<0.01& P<0.05) in both governorates. In Beheira, Zn, Fe and Cd in lined and unlined sites were significantly increased(<em>p < /em><0.001,<em> p < /em><0.01&<em> p < /em><0.05) during summer comparing with the other seasons. In contrast, in Giza, the highest values of Zn, Pb, Cu, Fe and Cd were recorded in autumn in both lined and unlined sites. The percentage of occurrence and density of the plants were highly significant (<em>p < /em><0.01, <em>p < /em>< 0.001) higher in unlined sites compared to the lined ones during all seasons in both governorates. In Beheira, <em>Eichhornia crassipes </em>plant was completely absent during all seasons in lined sites compared to the unlined ones. In Giza, <em>E. crassipes </em>(83.3%) and <em>C. demersum </em>(50%) were highly significant (<em>p < /em>< 0.001) higher in unlined sites compared to the lined ones (50% and 0.0, respectively) during summer. The correlation coefficients depicted very good associations between plants and heavy metals in lined sites during spring for more than 50% and more than75% in summer (<em>r=0.58; p < 0.05</em>)<em>.</em> A strong positive correlation for all metals studied, Cd (0.658), Cu (0.758), Fe (0.589), and Pb (0.781) was observed. It can be concluded that watercourses lining may reduce the distribution of aquatic vegetation which rendered the current of water and preserving water with good quality. There was a strong inverse correlation between the plants and heavy metals in lined canals.The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613125320210501Gonad-stimulating potential of laserpuncture induction on the male African Sharptooth catfish (Clarias gariepinus)1013102518486010.21608/ejabf.2021.184860ENDyah Hariani Et Al.Journal Article20210720The African sharptooth catfish (<em>Clarias gariepinus</em>) has received widespread attention due to the increase in global demand. However, the availability of <em>C.</em> <em>gariepinus</em> breeding depends on the season, especially during the spawning season. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of soft laserpuncture induction on testosterone level, Androgen Binding Protein (ABP) level, and numbers of Sertoli and Leydig cells of male <em>C.</em> <em>gariepinus</em>. An approximately one-year old virgin male fish was selected based on the healthiness and bodyweight of 1,000–1,200 g. Fishes were treated by laserpuncture induction every 15 days from 0 to 75 days. The food containing 38% crude protein was used for the feeding procedure. This study adopted a completely randomized design. The parameters observed were the levels of testosterone, ABP, and numbers of Sertoli and Leydig cells measured at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, and 75 days after treatment. The Sertoli and Leydig cell determinations were analyzed descriptively, whereas the testosterone and ABP levels were evaluated using analysis of variance. The results indicated that induction of laserpuncture improves male catfish reproductive ability through enhancement of the testosterone level, ABP level, and numbers of Sertoli and Leydig cells. The testosterone level, ABP level, and numbers of Sertoli and Leydig cells increased and peaked on the the30th and 60th days, indicating a cycle of higher spermatozoa quality every 30 days.The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613125320210501Abundance and distribution of zooplankton communities inhabiting the intertidal zone of the Suez Gulf, Red Sea, Egypt1027104318913010.21608/ejabf.2021.189130ENAldoushy Mahdy Et Al.Journal Article20210814Zooplankton communities at the Gulf of Suez were investigated during the current study and their abundance was correlated with the physicochemical parameters of the area. The goal of the study was to estimate the distribution and abundance of zooplankton taxa under various habitat stressors and update the ecological database of the study area. The study recorded 39 species of zooplankton in 16 taxa with a total abundance of 66300 organisms across all investigated sites. The organisms were distributed between holoplankton that recorded approximately 55560 organisms (84.2 %) and meroplankton which recorded approximately 10740 organisms (15.8 %). The most abundant groups were Copepoda 52340 organisms (78.9 %), larval stages (11%) and Maxillopoda (3 %). While, Anthomedusea, Leptomeduea, and Pteropods were rarely recorded. Among the surveyed sites, Zafarana recorded the highest abundance (23537 Organisms) with a percentage of 63 of the total zooplankton populations, whereas the lowest site in abundance was Port-Tewfik which recorded (6656 organisms), represented a percentage of 10 % of the total populations. The current work showed that copepods recorded a significant difference in spatial distribution, while copepods, dissolved oxygen, water temperature, and total dissolved solids differed significantly at temporal distribution.The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613125320210501Length-Weight Relationships of Ten Small Pelagic Fishes along the Coastal Waters of Karnataka, Southeastern Arabian Sea, India1045105718798910.21608/ejabf.2021.187989ENRajesh K. Mallegowda Et Al.Journal Article20210807Information on the length and body weight of fish is the foremost requirement for regulation of catch and estimation of biomass as they are the pre-requisites for conservation and management of fish. Length-weight relationships were estimated for ten major marine small pelagic fish species landed along Karnataka coast, southeastern Arabian Sea. Specimens were collected on a weekly basis from various gears such as purse seines, ring seines, trawl nets and gillnets landed at two major fishing harbors (Mangalore and Malpe) located along the Karnataka coast from January 2018 to December 2019. The estimated allometric coefficient <em>b</em> ranged between 2.513 and 3.205, falling within the expected range (2.5-3.5). The LWRs were highly significant (P<0.001; <em>r<sup>2</sup></em>≥0.90) for all the species and ranged from 0.90 to 0.99. The analysis divulged isometric growth (<em>b</em>=3) for <em>Sardinella albella</em> (female), <em>Sardinella fimbriata</em> (female), <em>Sardinella gibbosa</em> (male and pooled) <em>Decapterus macrosoma</em> (pooled) and <em>Stolephorus commersonii</em> (pooled). However, <em>Sardinella albella</em> (male and pooled), <em>Sardinella gibbosa</em> (female), <em>Escualosa thoracata</em> (pooled), <em>Decapterus tabl</em> (pooled), <em>Stolephorus waitei</em> (pooled) showed positive allometeric growth (<em>b</em>>3) while <em>Sardinella fimbriata </em>(male and pooled), <em>Seriolina nigrofasciata </em>(male, female and pooled) and <em>Encrasicholina devisi</em> (pooled) showed negative allometric growth (<em>b</em><3). The present study reported a new maximum size for <em>Sardinella fimbriata</em>, <em>Escualosa thoracata,</em> <em>Encrasicholina devisi,</em> and <em>Stolephorus waitei</em>. In addition, this study would contribute to providing the first estimate of LWRs of <em>Decapterus tabl</em> from Indian waters. The basic biological information provided in this study in the form of length-weight estimates for 10 commercially important small pelagic fish species from the southeastern Arabian Sea filling important knowledge gaps in population studies and stock assessment and further assists in sustainable management and conservation of fisheries.The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613125320210501Monitoring of Heavy Metals in Major Drains and Farms at Fayoum Government and Treatment by Pumpkin and Eggplant1059107818499510.21608/ejabf.2021.184995ENGhada Taha Belal Et Al.Journal Article20210723This study was carried out in three different farms and drainages at EL-Fayoum Government in Egypt. Five heavy metals (Zn, Cd, Pb, Fe and Cu) were addressed in farms and drain water. The organs (gills, skin, muscles and liver) and blood of selected fish; gathered from various farms and drains, were examined to measure the heavy metals’ residue. The results showed that iron was the most accumulated metal in the three drains and farms, while zinc was the most accumulated metal in the Nile tilapia blood. For water treatment, pumpkin showed high removal of Zn (65%) and Pb (50%), while eggplant gave maximum removal values of Fe, Cd and Cu (88%, 78% and 77%, respectively). In the current study, investigation of some biochemical blood parameters was also determined, such as alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase enzyme, urea, creatinine, random blood sugar, creatinine kinase, alkaline phosphatase and thyroid-stimulating hormone, thyroxine and triiodothyronine, growth hormone and cortisol hormones.
The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613125320210501Observation of behavior and daily activity of the mud crab, Scylla serrate (Forskal, 1775) under control condition1079109318513510.21608/ejabf.2021.185135ENIndra Junaidi ZakariaDeka Agustina SaragihJournal Article20210724In the mud crab,<em> Scylla serrate</em> (Forskal, 1775) cultivation, the adult crab behavior patterns, such as daily and reproductive activities, need to be addressed and determined, especially under control conditions. This information can be used to plan mud crab hatcheries intensively. Thus, the current research was carried out to discover the behavior and daily activity of the mud crab (<em>S. serrata</em>) under control conditions. A survey was conducted using observation technique and systematic recording towards some behavior phenomenon of used 4 (four) adults of the mud crab comprised one big and small males; one big and small females, observed in an aquarium with a volume of 1.5x1x1 m³. The data obtained were tabulated in the form of tables and graphs, then described. The result showed that the daily activity of the mud crab from the highest to the lowest was the repose (resting) activity (51,88%), followed by the movement (45,70%), the agonistic activity (2,30%), and the lowest activity was represented by feeding (0,12%), respectively. The reproductive activity was not found until copulation and was only observed during seduction and mutual running.