The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613120420161001Identification of the Holothurian species of the Red Sea and Gulf of Aqaba using DNA barcoding technique.171112710.21608/ejabf.2016.11127ENMohammed I. AhmedMaher. A. AamerAndrew J. LawrenceJournal Article20160810Holothurians are one of the most dominant taxa in marine communities in the Red Sea and Gulf of Aqaba. However, despite their wide distribution their taxonomic diversity is poorly understood. Recent studies have shown that many species thought to have broad distributions are actually a complex of allied species, with long standing questions regarding the identification of certain sea cucumber species. A total of 140 specimens of sea cucumber tissues were collected for DNA examination. A total of 18 sea cucumber species were identified along the Egyptian coast of the Red Sea and Gulf of Aqaba; <em>Holothuria spinefra; Holothuria </em>sp<em>.; Holothuria leucospilota; Holothuria impatiens; Holothuria nobilis; Holothuria fuscogilva; Holothuria scabra; Holothuria atra; Actinopyga mauritiana; Actinopyga </em>sp<em>. Nov; Actinopyga crassa; pearthonthuria graeefei; Bohadchia tenussima; Bohadchia marmorata; Bohadchia cousteaui; stichopus </em>sp.<em> and Synaptula</em> sp. These species were distinguished using morphological techniques. The DNA sequences of <em>COI</em> gene produced 17 different distinctive clades of sea cucumber. The use of DNA barcoding of the mitochondrial <em>COI</em> gene proves to be a good technique in resolving long standing problems in the identification of sea cucumber.The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613120420161001Induced spawning in the sea cucumber Holothuria atra from the Egyptian coast of the Red Sea.9151117310.21608/ejabf.2016.11173ENMohammed I. AhmedJournal Article20160822In hatcheries the induction of spawning in sea cucumbers has been typically carried out using different techniques and combinations of mixed induced spawning techniques, for the <em>Holothuria atra</em> for the first time combination of heat and cold chock were used to induce spawn samples collected from the Red Sea. Combination of rising water temperature by 10º C and then reduced by 10º C provoked animals to take the (Copra position) the reproductive position in sea cucumber. Gametes shedding have started about 60 min and 80 min after placing the animals back in normal sea temperature, and was completed almost simultaneously in the two sexes during 2 hours. Different other treatments were used including spirulina bath; exposure to water jet, draying and injection with Serotonin, however heat chock was the only successful technique. Larvae were fed on unicellular algae and <em>Sargassum </em>extract. Early juveniles were obtained on day 35. Survival rate was 4% to the juvenile stThe Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613120420161001Inclusion of fermented fish by-product silage in the diets of the Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus17271117410.21608/ejabf.2016.11174ENMohamed Y. Abou ZeadMagdy A. SoltanJournal Article20160825A feeding trial was conducted to study the possibility of replacing the fish meal (FM) with fermented fish by-product silage (FBS) as non-conventional ingredients in the diets of the Nile tilapia, <em>Oreochromis niloticus</em> fingerlings. Five isonitrogenous (300 g CP kg<sup>-1</sup> dry matter, DM) and isocaloric (19 MJ gross energy kg<sup>-1</sup> DM) diets were formulated and FM was replaced by FBS in five increased levels, 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% g to formulate the five experimental diets, FBS0, FBS25, FBS50, FBS75 and FBS100, respectively. Three hundred <em>O. niloticus</em> fingerlings (18.53±0.70g) were randomly distributed into 15 glass aquaria (160 liter), and were divided into five groups (three aquaria for each group) and each aquarium holding 20 fish. Experimental fish were fed onon the formulated diets for 84 days. Replacing of FM with FBS up to 25% did not significantly (P<0.05) affected growth and feed utilization parameters, while the other substitution levels (50,75 or 100%) significantly (P<0.05) reduced growth and feed utilization parameters. Fish offered the control diet exhibited the highest significance (P<0.05) average body weight (BW), body length (BL), weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER). Fish group fed onon FBS25 gained the highest significant protein content and the lowest fat and ash content of carcasses compared to the control and the other fish groups Generally, replacing 25% of FM by FBS did not significantly affected growth and feed utilization parameters and reduced feed costs by 7.93% for tilapia fingerlings.The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613120420161001Nesting activities of Green turtles (Chelonia mydas) on the beaches of Zabargad Island, southern Egyptian Red Sea29371117510.21608/ejabf.2016.11175ENIslam El-SadekMohammed I. AhmedMaher A. AamerAgnese ManciniMahmoud H. HanafyJournal Article20160815Nesting of the green turtles <em>Chelonia mydas</em> on the most valuable nesting of Zabaragad Island beaches were studied during the period between 2009 and 2014. On annual basis, and during the peak of the nesting season (mid of July), the nesting beaches on Zabargad Island were surveyed to estimate dimensions of female tracks, nests and female sizes and numbers of female tracks and true and false nests per night. Based on the model (software R) created by Girondot<em> et al</em>. (2012), the total numbers of tracks per season were estimated , consequently total numbers of tracks, false and true nests, and total numbers of nested females per nesting season were calculated annually. It was obvious that there is a clear trend of steadily increasing of green turtle nesting activities on the island during the study period. The numbers of female emergences per night have been estimated as 16.7, 11.3, 12.7, 17.0 and 22.7, in 2009, 2010, 2012, 2013 and 2014. Same trend was noticed for counts of true nests, being 1.7, 1.3, 3.4, 3.0 and 10 nest/night and total calculated annual tracks, being 1222.4, 790.3, 989.24, 2141.3, and 1851.8 tracks, respectively. In total, the total estimates of nested females on Zabaraged Island ranged between 37 and 326 females per year during the study period between 2009 and 2014.
<strong> </strong>The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613120420161001Separation of a novel species from Actinopyga mauritiana (Holothuroidea: Holothuriidae) species complex, based on ecological, morphological and mitochondrial DNA evidence.39451117610.21608/ejabf.2016.11176ENMohammed I. AhmedJournal Article20160822Sea cucumbers are a diverse group of echinoderms, approximately more than 1,400 species around the world belonging to six orders and 25 families. In Egypt, sea cucumber is overfished along the Egyptian coast of the Red Sea and in most cases, species are being commercialized without a clear taxonomic identification. Two color morphs of the holothurian <em>Actinopyga mauritiana</em> were found in the Egyptian Red Sea coast and Gulf of Aqaba. Both morphs were found to have different habitats and depth preferences, morphological and molecular examination of both morphs along the Egyptian coast of the Red Sea uncovered new species diversity within the <em>Actinopyga</em> species complex and the discovery of novel species <em>Actinopyga </em>sp<em>. </em>nov.The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613120420161001Economic impacts of ponds management on water quality and growth performance of fish in polyculture47601117710.21608/ejabf.2016.11177ENIbrahim M. ShakerMohamed Y. Abou ZeadAlam El Deen FaroukJournal Article20160819The present study was conducted to evaluate the economics of the fish farms management under different systems and different water sources and its impact on the growth performance of fish in polyculture.The study was conducted in two fish farms in the provinces of Kafr El-Sheikh, Ismailia and Port Said, four earthen ponds in each fish farm two feddans for each pond. The ponds were cultivated by Nile tilapia and mullet with an average weight of 2; 30 g for tilapia and mullet, respectively. The first fish farm was fertilized by organic and mineral fertilizers only during the first three months and then the artificial feed was added until harvest. In the second fish farm used in artificial feed 25% Protein only during the whole season. Water samples were taken monthly to measure water quality parameters and phytoplankton and zooplankton abundance. Also, fish samples were taken monthly to calculate growth rates.
Significantly increase in nitrogen compounds (NH<sub>4</sub>, NH<sub>3</sub>, NO<sub>2</sub>, NO<sub>3</sub>), dissolved phosphorus and chlorophyll "a" in the fertilization fish farms led to increased phytoplankton and zooplankton.
The results revealed significant increase in tilapia survival rate than mullet and significant increase in daily growth rate in tilapia than mullet in each fish pond under different pond managements. The daily growth rate significantly increased in feed system ponds than fertilizers system. Significantly increase of total fish production per Fadden on Shader Azzam and after Kafr El-Sheikh fish ponds in each pond managements. Significantly increase of total fish production per Fadden on Shader Azzam and after the Kafr el-Sheikh fish ponds under feeding systems and the same trends in fertilizers systems.
Significantly increase Dabbashi, Super, Grad1 in tilapia production in feed systems than fertilizers. The cost of feed per feddan were 44.99, 79.4, 44.65, 78.78, 45.97 and 76.53% of total operating costs in KM; KF; IF; IM; PM and PF fish farm respectively. The total returns of fish were 22780, 40930, 23630, 39030, 22730 and 35930L.E in the same fish farms respectively.The study indicated that fertilization reduces the cost of production, but artificial feed must be used with fertilization in the last two months of the season.The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613120420161001Food and feeding of the Indian Squid Loligo duvauceli in the Gulf of Suez, Egypt61681117810.21608/ejabf.2016.11178ENMohamed H. YassienMohsen S. HusseinAhmed G. A. GewidaJournal Article20160823Food and feeding of the Indian Squid <em>Loligo duvauceli </em>were studied through the analysis of 702 stomachs of Squid collected from commercial trawlers working in Attaka fishing harbour of the Gulf of Suez during September 2014 to April 2015. Food was presented only in about 36 of the total stomachs examined. The occurrence of 1/4-full, 1/2-full, 3/4-full and full were 33%, 39%, 17% and 11% respectively of the examined stomachs which contained food. The empty stomachs (0) were the majority of the examined stomachs during the whole fishing season (94.87%). The food mainly composed of fish, crustacean, cephalopods and unidentified remains, digested matters and sand grains. So this species may be described as carnivorous. For both sexes (male and female) of <em>L. duvauceli</em> the percentage of stomach fullness decreased with the increase in the maturity stages.The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613120420161001Determination of Some Heavy Metals in water of the Southern Region of Lake Manzala, Egypt69811117910.21608/ejabf.2016.11179ENWael H. HegazyMohamed A. HamedM. E. S. ToufeekBazada K. A. MabroukJournal Article20160825Lake Manzala is the largest Nile Delta, coastal ecosystem in Egypt. To examine of the pollution in the lake, the levels of some heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb, Ni, Cd and Co) were assessed in water samples collected from twelve stations covering the southern region of the lake area, seasonally from the spring 2014 to winter 2015. The lake has undergone substantial recent changes particularly over the last 30 years due to increasing the inflows of drainage water, land reclamation and increasing loads of pollutants.
The obtained results confirmed that, industrial, agricultural and domestic sewage drained into the lake from the main drains has a considerable impact on the water quality characteristics of the lake. The concentration of heavy metals varied in a wide range; increased in the southern region and decreased towards north eastern part of the lake. Heavy metals discharged into the lake causes a momentous environmental problem.The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613120420161001Fish Biology and Fishery of Oreochromis niloticus in Bahr Shebeen Canal, Delta of Egypt83881118010.21608/ejabf.2016.11180ENEl-Sayed A. KhallafAlaa A. AlnenaeiRehab M. ElgindyJournal Article20160830This study is a part of the project of Protecting Bahr Shebeen Canal and Procedures for Developing its Fishery Resources. <em>Oreochromis niloticus</em> is the main fish caught in that canal. Its biological characters; such as growth in length, length-wight relationship, gonadosomatic index, stomachsomatic index, were studied.
Certain irregularities in reproduction and feeding were noticed, and attributed to climate change, as the year 2015 was announced to be the most hot year in 137 years. Fish mortality, as well as the average age or length of the fish in the catch, indicated that fishing is concentrated on the third year (2.67 yrs) of life of the fish, or 13.3 cm in length. Those findings are discussed and accordingly, recommendations were given.The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613120420161001Study of some Alluvial soil's sediments characteristics in Toshka Depression, Egypt.891011118110.21608/ejabf.2016.11181ENMohammed M. SherifJournal Article20160915Egypt is one of the most populous countries in Africa and the Middle East. Toshka Depression (TD), are located to the west of Lake Nasser, in the western desert of Egypt they consist of four deep-cut basins connected by naturally and far away about 250 km south of Aswan. Alluvium Operation is estimated that on the average of 133.54 million tons enter the high dam reservoir each year. About 97 % of this amount precipitates in the reservoir and 3% is carried through Aswan High dam.
The main target of this work is to study some Alluvial soil's sediments characteristics for expansion in agricultural area by optimum exploitation for investment some of shoreline of soils in Toshka Depression, or for possible use in land reclamation in Toshka area. The results of physical and chemical soil properties varied from layer to layer and were recorded as silt clay loam, clay loam, clay and silt loam. Soil reaction “soil pH” values were moderate and increased with depth. Electrical Conductivity (EC) of the alluvial soils in Toshka Depression are classified under soil salinity class "slightly saline soils”. Gypsum distribution followed a regular pattern from the surface layer to subsurface ones. However, gypsum accumulates at the end of soil profile at depth of 120-125cm. The highest value of Calcium carbonate (CaCO<sub>3</sub>%) content was observed in the surface layer and sharply decreased in the subsurface layer with irregular distribution with soil depth. Organic matter (OM) content at surface layer of alluvial sediment soils was very reach. Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) increased with higher clay content in subsurface layer. Exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) values of the studied soils are less than the critical value and consider moderately suitable (S<sub>2</sub>). Alluvial subsurface soil sediment suffers from a sever lack of available macronutrients NPK. Data revealed that the most concentration of total and available heavy metals were observed in surface layer of alluvial soil sediment profile at Toshka Depression. X-ray diffraction patterns obtained for the bulk alluvial soil sediments indicated the presence of Illite, Vermiculite, Montmorillonite, Kaolinite-1A, Magnetite, Hematite, Berlinite, Cronstedtite-1T, Cuprite, Fraipontite-1O, Calcite, Gypsum, Bustamite, Wollastonite-1A, and Brushite are much more abundant. All these minerals are very important for land reclamation in Toshka area.The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613120420161001Isolation of Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas stutzeri from diseased European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) for the first time in Egypt1031141118210.21608/ejabf.2016.11182ENIbrahim M. AboyadakNader M. SabryNadia G. AliHeba S. El-SayedJournal Article20160829During this study, 20 % mortality was recorded in <em>Dicentrarchus labrax</em> brood stock in marine hatchery of National Institute of Oceanography and Fishery at Alexandria province. Observed clinical signs were decrease appetite, off-food, skin ulcerations and tail erosions. The main post mortem lesion was enlarged liver with presence of hemorrhagic foci. Seven bacterial isolates were recovered by initial isolation on typtic soy agar media from topical lesions (skin, musculature and tail) and from internal organs (heart, liver, spleen and posterior kidney). No growth was detected on specific media including Rimler-Shotts, Pseudomonas selective agar, Thiosulfate Citrate Bile Salts Sucrose agar and Edwards media that indicate absence of major fish pathogens. Identification of the causative agents was performed using VITEK 2 automated biochemical identification system. Four <em>Staphylococcus epidermidis</em>, two <em>Bacillus cereus</em> and one <em>Pseudomonas stutzeri</em> isolates were identified as the causative agents responsible for mortalities in diseased <em>Dicentrarchus labrax</em>. Stress factors induced by hatchery conditions could be the predisposing caused of such infection.<br /> <strong> </strong>The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613120420161001Isolation and molecular characterization of some bacterial pathogens in El-Serw fish farm, Egypt1151271118310.21608/ejabf.2016.11183ENManal I. El-BarbaryAhmed M. HalJournal Article20160825The current study was carried out to isolate and identify some of bacteria infecting fish of El-Serw fish farm during the harvest season from December to March 2014-2015<strong>. </strong>Fish samples (155) were collected from different ponds of farm; 65 Nile tilapia (<em>Oreochromis niloticus</em>), 55 catfish <em>(Clarias gariepinus) </em>and 35 mullet (<em>Liza ramada</em>) were used to isolate bacteria in fish organs (gills, liver and kidney) using different selective media, from the examined fish, bacteria belonging to <em>Pseudomonas, Aeromonas </em>and <em>Enterobacteriaceae </em>were isolated. The group most frequently isolated from fish was <em>Aeromonas,</em> the highest number of putative <em>Aeomonas </em>isolates were obtained from <em>O. niloticus </em>19 (29%),followed <em>C.</em> <em>gariepinus</em> 12 (21.8%) and <em>L. ramada</em> 5 (14.2%). Whereas putative <em>Pseudomonas</em> sp.showed fewer prevalence 9 (13.8%), 8 (14.5%) and 4 (11.4%) from <em>O. niloticus</em>, <em>C.</em> <em>gariepinus</em> and <em>L. ramada</em>, respectively, while only two colonies were recovered from Yersinia Agar Base. Seven isolates were selected and identified by sequencing of 16S rRNA. The analysis of sequence of 16S rRNA gene using universal primers (RW01 and DG74) resulted in the identification of three bacterial isolates of <em>Pseudomonas fluorescens</em>, one of <em>Pseudomonas putida</em>, two of <em>Aeromonas hydrophila </em>and one of <em>Klebsiella oxytoca</em>. The antibiogram test of these isolates revealed their sensitivity to ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, and gentamycin. This study concluded that the performance 16S rRNA assay has the prospective to create an important contribution to infection management providing rapid of identification the bacterial pathogens in fish.The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613120420161001Screening of fungal potentiality in removing heavy metals of industrial waste water1291351118410.21608/ejabf.2016.11184ENAhmed IsmailMokhtar S. BehearyHanan A. GadJournal Article20160822Fungal activities to remove and/or degrade heavy metals in industrial waste water were studied. Water samples were collected from the waste water main drain station in industrial area in Port Said. A total of 55 isolates were grown on 4 types of cultures media. Macroscopically and morphological examination results also showed that among these isolates15are belonging to fungi; 12 isolates are belonging to actinobacteria, whereas 28 isolates are belonging to bacteria. The 15 fungal isolates were screened for their ability to degrade some heavy metals reported in industrial waste water. <em>Aspergillus niger</em> and<em> Aspergillus flavus</em> were reported as the most active organisms in degrading of heavy metals detected in industrial waste water.