The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613123320190610Nonylphenol ethoxylate (NPE) influence on reproductive performance of male Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus1123417710.21608/ejabf.2019.34177ENAmer, M.A.Ahmed, K.M.Osman, M.F.Journal Article20190412The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of xenoestrogens, like nonylphenol (NP) on growth performance and gonads development of male Nile tilapia. Fish were randomly distributed into four groups in 16 fiberglass tanks with carrying capacity of 15 fish/tank and four replicates. Fish were exposed to different concentrations of NP. The contaminations of NP were 0, 25, 50 and 100 μgL<sup>-1</sup> administrated for 126 days. After exposure period, fish weight and survival were measured. Gonads and liver were dissected for calculating both Gonado- Somatic Index (GSI) and Hepato- Somatic Index (HSI) and processed for histological examination. At the end of the exposure period in all treated groups, the average survival rate was significantly lower than that of the control. The average body weights were ranged between 73.41 ± 1.37g - 78.14 ± 6.86g for the control and 50 µg NP L<sup>-1</sup>, respectively with no statistical significant differences. Results showed slight changes in liver weight among treated group compared to the control. A significant (P<0.05) reduction in gonads weight and GSI occurred in exposed fish compared to the control. Testicular sections from the control group appeared fully mature where, lumens and ducts were loaded with spermatozoa. However, testicular sections from NP exposed fish showed germinal epithelium degeneration, which correlated with exposure level of NP and reflected on low weight of the gonads. The presence of oocytes within the testicular tissue was pronounced, especially in high dose exposed fish. Therefore, severity of testis-ova was mild in 25 µg NP L<sup>-1</sup>, moderate to pronounced in 50 and 100 µg NP L<sup>-1</sup> exposed groups, respectively. From the obtained results, it could be concluded that the environmental pollutants with estrogenic activity such as nonylphenol can alter the development of gonads and disrupt reproduction of wild and farmed fish.https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_34177_eceb645464e866c683c2d745f65bf9bf.pdfThe Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613123320190612Optimum contribution of dietary protein: energy ratio in the grey mullet (Mugil cephalus, linnaeus, 1758) diets13253402510.21608/ejabf.2019.34025ENAbdel-Moniem M. YonesAhmed K. I. El-HammadyAliaa M. El-KasheifMidhat A El-KasheifJournal Article20190412The effect of varying dietary protein and energy levels on the growth performance, feed efficiency and tissue chemical composition by increasing dietary energy sources (lipids and carbohydrates) for flathead grey mullet, <em>Mugil cephalus</em> fingerlings were evaluated. Twelve experimental diets were formulated by four different dietary protein levels (25, 30, 35 and 40) combined with three different gross energy levels (16, 17 and 18MJ/kg diet) to provide 12 different dietary protein: energy ratios (15.43, 14.40, 13.64, 18.60, 17.46, 16.42, 21.63, 20.73,19.20, 24.26, 23.02 and 21.79 MJ/kg diet). The present results showed that, the highest final body weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio values were recorded with increasing of dietary protein levels from 25 up to 35%, irrespective of dietary energy levels. However, irrespective of dietary protein levels, the increasing dietary energy levels (from 16 to18 MJ/Kg diet) obtained slightly final body weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratios. Feed conversation ratio values decreased (<em>P</em>≥<em>0.05</em>) either with increasing dietary crude protein or dietary energy levels. The best FCR value was recorded with dietary energy 18 MJ/kg and 35% protein. No statistical differences (<em>P>0.05</em>) were observed for the effect of dietary protein energy ratios on whole body proximate analysis except for body ether extract contents. The body lipid deposition may indicate that, when dietary lipid was supplied in excess, a proportion of this lipid was deposit as fats. Concomitant increase (<em>P<0.05</em>) of body lipid and protein retained were observed with increase dietary lipid levels, while negative effect on energy retained was recorded with increase energy levels. These results suggested that the diet contains 30% crude protein with 18MJ/kg<sup>-1</sup> gross energy enhanced the growth performance and feed efficiency of <em>Mugile cephalus,</em> had protein-sparing effect and increased the utilization of each dietary protein and energy sources. https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_34025_23b629d0e353549526f0775a4fa6dd57.pdfThe Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613123320190611Improvement molluscicidal activity of Anagalis arvensis extracted by copper oxide nanoparticles against Biomphalaria alexandrina snails27413417810.21608/ejabf.2019.34178ENAbdel Halim A. SaadAhmed M. AzzamBayaumy B. MostafaKhalil M. El-SaidRasha A. HanafyJournal Article20190518Nanotechnology has received more attention in the field of control of intermediate hosts. In the present study, copper nanoparticles were fabricated and characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), x-ray fluorescence (XRF) and fourier transform infrared (FTIR). Improvement of the molluscicidal activity of <em>Anagalis arvensis</em> ethanolic extract was made using CuO NPs by forming plant nanocomposite (ACuO NC). The results showed that ACuO NC has high molluscicidal activity against <em>B. alexandrina</em> snails; recording LC<sub>50</sub> and LC<sub>90</sub> were 1.76 and 3.16 ppm, respectively. Also, biochemical parameters (Total protein, ALT, AST and ALP) revealed highly significant changes in treated snails with sublethal concentrations (LC<sub>10</sub> and LC<sub>25</sub>) of ACuO NC. However, histopathological changes occurred in the hermaphrodite glands of snails exposed to these concentrations of nanocomposite were detected, where, the ova and sperms degenerated and there were losses of connective tissues between acini. ACuO NC was more safety when tested against the biological indicator <em>Daphnia magna</em>. These observations prove that ACuO NC has potent molluscicidal activity against the intermediate hosts of <em>Schistosoma mansoni </em>with more safety for aquatic environment.https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_34178_cc9c3bc79fb790b4ff3314106b9b557e.pdfThe Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613123320190701Diet composition and length-weight relationship of Tilapia mariae in Lower River Ogun, Akomoje water reservoir, Nigeria43514039510.21608/ejabf.2019.40395ENAdeosun, Festus IdowuAjiboye, Elijah OlusegunOghenochuko, Mavis Titilayo OghenebrorhieOmoniyi, Isaac TundeJournal Article20190309Some aspect of the biology of <em>Tilapia mariae</em> from lower River Ogun, Akomoje water reservoir with emphasis on its food habits were studied between the months of February and June. A total number of 100 fish specimens were collected on monthly basis from the landings of artisanal fishermen around the water body. The length and weight relationships and the well being of the species were investigated. The contents of their stomach were examined. Mean standard lengths of fish sample were ranged from 15.12±0.81cm in male while female ranged from 17.83±0.76. The species from this water body revealed negative allometry growth pattern. There was variation in condition factor (k) for both sexes. The well being of the females revealed better condition than the males in all months of study. The results of monthly variation in food items showed that <em>Bacillariophyta</em>, <em>Chlorophyta, Cyanophyceae,</em> Crustacean, Detritus, plant tissues, and unidentified food all occurred in varying quantities from February to June. <em>Bacillariophyta</em> (diatoms) appeared as the dominant food of <em>Tilapia mariae</em> accounting for 14.72% and 78.10% by number and occurrence. <em>Cyanophyceae</em> constituted 11.43% and 59.63% by number and occurrence and was second most important food item. Crustaceans occurred least in order of importance (2.34% in numbers and 27.12% in frequency of occurrence. The sex ratios of <em>Tilapia mariae</em> in the Reservoir was 1:3.12 (M:F), with highest abundance of females in March (1:3.17) and April showing the least 1:2.05 (M:F). The study concludes that there is large population of algae in the water body. It also confirms the herbivorous feeding habit of the species.https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_40395_e1cc7a7e3ee45b41fffc9f0c984eefb5.pdfThe Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613123320190715Gillnet Selectivity and Abundance of African Butter Catfish Schilbe mystus (Linnaeus, 1758 ) in Lower River Ogun, Nigeria53604104910.21608/ejabf.2019.41049ENAdeosun , F. IJournal Article20190318The increasing demand for fish as dietary protein source has led to overfishing, use of banned fishing devices and other activities that are inimical to fisheries and threats to aquatic systems reducing their productivity in general. This study was carried out to identify and estimate the impact of gill net selectivity on <em>Schilbe mystus</em> (Linnaeus, 1758) in lower River Ogun, Akomoje. 102 samples of different sizes were randomly selected from catches made with the use of gill nets of different mesh sizes (3-8cm) between June and November 2017. Length and weight parameters were estimated by standard method. Abundance was least in the months of September and October which was their spawning season. The highest represented length class was from 16-16.9 cm and 14-14.9 cm, accounting for 16.7% and 14.7% of the average monthly catches respectively. There was gill net selectivity with the smallest mesh size gill net being the most efficient, accounting for 95% of the number of the total catch. The small and medium gill nets were largely inefficient compared to the ‘very small’ gill net.https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_41049_6b1703e6aa3f2878600c52c77c44c19a.pdfThe Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613123320190701Assessment of larvicidal activity of nanoemulsion from Citrus sinensis essential oil on Culex pipiens L. (Diptera: Culicidae)61673510010.21608/ejabf.2019.35100ENRadwa M. AzmyEl Gohary E. El GoharyDalia M. MahmoudDalia A. M. SalemMohamed A. AbdouMohamed S. SalamaJournal Article20190526Synthetic insecticides cause pollution to the environment. In addition, insects develop resistance toward them. So, there is an urgent need for effective safe alternatives. In the current study, nanoemulsion was prepared from essential oil of <em>Cirtus sinensis</em> by the ultrasonic method. The efficacy of the nanoemulsion was evaluated against larvae of<em> Culex pipiens</em> and compared with that of the bulk emulsion. The mean droplet size of the nanoemulsion was 78.8±14.2 nm with poly dispersity index (PDI) value 0.28. The LC<strong><sub>50</sub> </strong>for the nanoemulsion and the bulk emulsion were 27.4 and 86.3 ppm, respectively related to <em>Citrus</em> <em>sinensis</em> essential oil. The Larvicidal activity of the formulated nanoemulsion was more toxic than that of bulk emulsion. The results showed that nanoemulsion of <em>Cirtus sinensis</em> EO can be used for control of vector-borne disease<em> Culex pipiens</em> larvae.https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_35100_93e032c939c6a033f645b29689041d55.pdfThe Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613123320190617Age, growth and population structure of bogue, Boops boops, in the mediterranean waters front Alexandria, Egypt69813532710.21608/ejabf.2019.35327ENAhmad M. AzabAlaa M. El-FarAyman M. El-SayedJournal Article20190602The annual catch of bogue, <em>Boops boops</em>, in Egypt decreased from about 4000 MT to be 2000 MT in last 10 years. The present study provided information on the fisheries biology of <em>B. boops</em>, from Egyptian Mediterranean waters for management purpose. Monthly random samples of total 1367 specimens were collected from three landing sites front Alexandra during 2018. Results showed that, the total length of <em>B. boops</em> varied from 9.3 to 23 cm, while the total weight ranged between 7.4 and 133.1 g. The length-weight relationship revealed that “b” value (2.96) is indicating a tendency towards isometric growth with statistically highly significant coefficient. The longevity of <em>B. boops</em> was estimated to be 4 years and age groups I<sup>+</sup> and II<sup>+</sup> were the most abundant in the catch constituting more than 85%. The length at first capture and first maturity was 12.5 and 13.2 cm respectively. The mortalities rates were 0.671, 1.589 and 2.26 y<sup>-1</sup> for natural, fishing and total mortalities, respectively. The bogue stocks in the Mediterranean waters front Alexandria was exposed to over exploitation (E= 0.70). For fisheries management, some measures were proposed for stock maintenance, fisheries development and catch sustainability. https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_35327_4f73b1ec6299fc8a70d4dc7c387edd99.pdfThe Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613123320190601Preliminary evaluation of by-catch, mortality and yield per recruit for the Sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax in hand line fisheries, Bardawill Lagoon, North Sinai, Egypt83903638110.21608/ejabf.2019.36381ENMohamed SalemJournal Article20190411Hand line gear is the main fishing method used that target sea bass in Bardawill lagoon. The present study was carried out in the lagoon from May to December, 2016 in order to evaluate the by-catch, mortality and yield per recruit. Samples were collected biweekly from three vessels equipped by three lines have live bait. Length at first maturity (L<sub>m50</sub>) was estimated. Fish below L<sub>m50</sub> was accounted as a by-catch. Adult and by-catch were recorded as numbers and biomass (kg) per units. By-catch was calculated monthly. Growth parameters, mortality and yield per recruit were determined. The length at first maturity (L<sub>m50</sub>) was estimated as 32.5 cm (TL), which corresponding to the second year of life. 40.8% of the Sea bass catch per unit was recorded as a mature fish versus 59.2% as immature ones (by-catch). By-catches are predominant throughout the fishing season except from August to October. Growth parameters; L∞ and K were estimated at 47.25 cm and 0.27 per year respectively. The current exploitation rate (E) was estimated at 0.68 and the total mortality (Z) was 0.83 yr<sup>-1</sup>. The length at first capture (L<sub>c50</sub>) was estimated at 24.5 cm. Relative yield per recruit was 0.68, 0.6 and 0.37 at the maximum (E<sub>max</sub>), economic (E<sub>0.1</sub>) and optimum exploitation (E<sub>0.5</sub>) respectively. The study recommended that the hook sizes should be increased to capture the mature size ratio L<sub>m</sub>/L<sub>∞</sub> = 0.65. Fishing from August to October is preferred by hand line gear and prevents at the rest of the fishing season. Exploitation rate should be reduced by 50%.https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_36381_318766f6d4bcdb0ff03f2f194f82294d.pdfThe Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613123320190720Biological aspects of some Goatfish (Mullidae) from the southern Egyptian Red Sea; Hurghada to Shalateen911013595010.21608/ejabf.2019.35950ENRasha A. HeneishManal M. SabrahAzza A. El-GanainyJournal Article20190517Goatfish or Red Mullets are considered to be the most important economical family associated the Egyptian Red Sea coral reefs. It is the first time to appraise the difference between the biological parameters for different goatfish species in the Egyptian Red Sea. The current study was designed to evaluate the biological characteristics of some Goatfish collected seasonally from the commercial artisanal fishery operating in the Egyptian Red Sea during the period from autumn 2016 to summer 2018. The study based on five Mullidae species belonged to three different genera: <em>Mulloidichthys flavolineatus</em> (Lacepède, 1801),<em> Mulloidichthys vanicolensis</em> (Valenciennes, 1831),<em> Upeneus moluccensis </em>(Bleeker, 1855),<em> Parupeneus cyclostomus </em>(Lacepède, 1801), and <em>Parupeneus frosskali</em> (Fourmanoir & Gue´ze´, 1976). <em>P. frosskali</em> and<em> M. </em> <em>vanicolensis</em> were the most dominant species; constituted 28.13% and 20.31% of the total goatfish catch, respectively. The seasonal occurrence of different Mullidae species revealed that all species were recorded by rational percentages in spring and summer. The growth parameters (L∞ and K) were determined for all species by applying the von Bertalanffy growth function. By following the seasonal Gonado-somatic index (GSI) for different species uncover spawning period occurred between spring and summer. The lengths at first sexual maturity were determined as 18.0, 18.6, 24.50, 17.2 and 13.68 cm for <em>M. flavolineatus</em>; <em>M. vanicolensis</em>; <em>P. cyclostomus</em>; <em>P. forsskali</em> and <em>U. moluccensis</em>, respectively.https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_35950_038d12fa55fb7dafa420390de13b7d47.pdfThe Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613123320190701Assessment of heavy metals and Molecular Characterization of the Egyptian Avicennia marina along the Red Sea Coast1031163832810.21608/ejabf.2019.38328ENMahmoud H. AhmedYasser HusseinAhmed AskoraSameh B. El KafrawyRadwa El-BasheerJournal Article20190522<strong>Abstract</strong>
Mangrove plants are the most segregated plants, available only in coastal regions around the globe. <em>A. marina</em> is an important mangrove species and has a wide geographical and climatic distribution, which suggests the presence of large amounts of genetic diversity. <em>A. marina</em> plant samples from four different locations in the Red Sea area were collected. These samples were screened against 8 ISSR markers reported for molecular characterization of mangrove plants. These markers were found to be polymorphic in nature, thus showed 100% polymorphism.
On the other hand, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants are important in plant defense against heavy metals. The present study reported the presence of 9 heavy metals in sediments and mangrove plant parts in the four different locations along Egyptian Red Sea Coast. The levels of four antioxidant enzymes in mangrove plants in these locations were detected. Results showed that the following higher and lower mean concentrations of heavy metals in sediments for the four studied areas by ppm: Cr (7.645±0.37- 40.202±0.09) > Se (9.319± 0.14- 30.522± 0.25) > Zn (1.656±0.09- 5.144±0.03) > Ni (0.01±0.00- 3.161± 0.14) > Au (0.189±0.07- 2.43±0.08 ) > Cu (0.879±0.03 -1.615±0.20) > Pb (0.29 ± 0.04-1.678±0.04) > Cd (0.161±0.04- 0.373±0.03) > Al (0.018±0.01- 0.228±0.07).https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_38328_831a5b5a44d3c461dd5df891525c728e.pdfThe Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613123320190701Population Biology and Dynamics of Fringelip Mullet Crenimugil crenilabis, Forsskål, 1775 from Southern Red Sea, Egypt1171253782810.21608/ejabf.2019.37828ENManal M. SabrahAzza A. El-GanainyRasha A. HeneishJournal Article20190616This study was conducted to assess the biologicalcharacteristics and growth pattern of <em>Crenimugil crenilabis</em> for the first attempt in the Egyptian Red Sea. <em>C. crenilabis</em> is a rewarding fish in the Red Sea small scale fishery. 350 samples were obtained seasonally during the period 2017 to 2018 from the commercial fishery operating in Shalatin, southern Egyptian Red Sea. Total length was varied from 24.0 to 49.4 cm (35.0 cm mean, SD: 4.75) and total weight ranged from 157.0 to 1265.0 g (476.58 g mean, SD: 214.47). The weight at length relationship showed an isometric growth pattern (b= 3.052). The von Bertalanffy growth constants K and L∞ were estimated using ELEFAN I method. The growth parameters were found to be K= 0.36/year and L∞=51.5 cm. The annual total mortality coefficient (Z), natural mortality (M) and fishing mortality (F) were estimated to be 1.26, 0.73 and 0.53/ year respectively. The length at first capture (L<sub>c</sub>) was calculated at 35.65 cm, while the length at first maturity (L<sub>m50</sub>) was found to be 32.7 for males and 33.3 cm for females. The exploitation rate of <em>C. crenilabis</em> was determined as 0.42, indicating the under- exploited level where the maximum exploitation level reported was 0.5. Thus the study recommended preserving the current level of exploitation rate to conserve the population stock of<em> C. crenilabis</em> from the breakdown. https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_37828_aa643bca8a5971f3aac57064a1a93fcc.pdfThe Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613123320190708Some biological aspects and reproductive dynamic of the black-barred halfbeak Hemiramphus far (family: Hemiramphidae) in Bardawil lagoon, Egypt.1271373958510.21608/ejabf.2019.39585ENSahar F. MehannaGaber DesoukyMohamed SalemHasnaa S. MahmoudJournal Article20190518The black-barred halfbeak, Hemiramphus far is one of the popular fish in Bardawil lagoon which never studied before and its fishery status still unknown. The present study is undertaken to estimate some biological aspects and reproductive dynamics of the black-barred halfbeak in Bardawil lagoon. Otoliths were used for age determination and the maximum life span of this species was 4 years with the dominance of age group one in the catch. The length-weight relationship indicated a positive allometric growth for males and isometric growth for females. The overall sex ratio was 1:1.76 males to females. Monthly variations in maturity stages and gonado-somatic index revealed that this species spawn during May to July. The length at first sexual maturity (Lm50) was estimated at 23.1 cm. Number of ripe eggs fluctuated from 54250 eggs (21.6 cm total length) and 79250 eggs (29.2 cm total length)https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_39585_e0e7d4b94962aac406765a9d16625acc.pdfThe Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613123320190701Amphibian diversity in relation to environmental change in Harenna Forest, Bale Mountains National Park, Ethiopia: A Remote sensing and GIS Approach1391494042010.21608/ejabf.2019.40420ENSamy A. SaberRoman KassahunSimon P LoaderSameh B. El KafrawyJournal Article20190521Amphibian diversity and abundance in relation to environmental change in Harenna Forest, BMNP was assessed using GIS and Remote sensing. Sampling of amphibian communities was conducted during July-August 2008 and February 2009; which includes wet and dry seasons in the area. Data on diversity, evenness and dominance was analyzed; seven endemic amphibian species belonging to one order, 5 families and 5 genera were recorded. The current results were compared with the past investigation of amphibians in the Harenna Forest. The results showed a decrease in abundance and diversity of amphibians over the past decades. GIS and Remote sensing methods using satellite images of the Harenna Forest were used to quantitatively analyze land use/land cover changes from 1973 to 2000. The results showed a significant reduction in the forest cover and wetlands followed by the establishment of new land use types, such as agricultural land and settlement in 2000.
https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_40420_9c3eb3894b25ad574c126ba5160fffe9.pdfThe Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613123320190710Water quality assessment of the Nile Delta Coast, south eastern Mediterranean, Egypt.1511694501910.21608/ejabf.2019.45019ENMohamed MoussaDorghamOceanography Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria0000-0002-9239-8241Wael El-TohamyZoology Department, Faculty of Science, Damietta branch, Mansoura University, EgyptJian QinSchool of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide SA, AustraliaNagwa Abdel-AzizNational Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Alexandria, EgyptAhmed GhobashyZoology Department, Faculty of Science, Damietta branch, Mansoura University, EgyptJournal Article20190623The physical characteristics (temperature, salinity, pH and dissolved oxygen), turbidity, phytoplankton biomass (Chlorophyll-<em>a</em>) and nutrients in the coastal waters of a stressed area of the Nile Delta were studied biweekly from January to December 2007. The results indicated that the discharged waste waters caused pronounced changes in the water quality. The surface salinity recorded a minimum of 0.3 ‰ at site IV and a maximum of 38.1 ‰ at site I. pH ranged from 7.25 at site V to 8.55 at site II, while dissolved oxygen attained the lowest concentration (0.5 mg/l) at sites IV and V, and the highest concentration (10.82 mg/l) at site II. The water turbidity demonstrated wide fluctuation between 0.2 NTU at site II and 117 NTU at site III. The nutrient salts experienced great variation throughout the area of study as well as on the time scale; nitrate showed a range of 3 – 1682 µg/l, nitrite: 0.42-1106.2 µg/l, ammonia displayed undetectable level as well as high concentration (1646.6 µg/l), while the total phosphorus fall within a range of 10-8260 µg/l and silicate of 40 – 40800 µg/l. High phytoplankton biomass was recorded over the whole area (chl. <em>a</em>: 0.4 - 197.4 µg/l). The trophic state of the study area calculated by trophic index (TRIX) appeared to be widely different, reflecting degraded and very high trophic water, except at site I which contained moderate quality and high trophic water in significant part of the year.https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_45019_5222ed0275c45dba782fce8e06cc3e5b.pdfThe Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613123320190715Production of Antifouling Paints’ using Environmentally Safe Algal Extracts on Laboratory Scale1711844123710.21608/ejabf.2019.41237ENAlaa El Din M.M. IbrahimMadelyn N. MoawadAhmed M. AttiaManal M. A. El-NaggarHermine R. Z. TadrosJournal Article20190617<span lang="EN-US">Fouling is a result of the accumulation of bacterial growth, algae and sessile invertebrates on both natural and manmade submerged surface. To combat fouling ships must constantly undergo cleaning up and maintenance processes. This work aimed to </span><span lang="EN-US">evaluate new biocide antifouling paints produced from marine algae</span><span lang="EN-US">, and study their suppressive effect on slime film forming bacteria. In addition, the effect of the leached components from these wood coated surfaces containing algae on the characteristics of the contact seawater medium was investigated compared with two commercial marine paints. To evaluate the suppressive effect of algae containing coatings, </span><span lang="EN-GB">extraction of the new biocide antifouling paints</span><span lang="EN-US"> were done by mixing different ingredients % of binder, pigment, filler, stabilizer and solvent. The obtained paints were durable, long lasting with no cracking formed before their incorporation with algae. The p</span><span lang="EN-US">aint formulations were applied to wood panels and immersed in sterile glass beakers filled with seawater medium collected from the Eastern Harbour, Alexandria, Egypt. </span><span lang="EN-GB">The physicochemical parameters (</span><span lang="EN-US">temperature</span><span lang="EN-GB">, salinity, pH, </span><span lang="EN-US">dissolved oxygen </span><span lang="EN-GB">and </span><span lang="EN-US">nutrient </span><span lang="EN-GB">salts) of seawater samples around the tested panels’ were measured after four weeks of immersion and the microbiological examination for the panels were measured after two and four weeks of immersion.</span><span lang="EN-US">Using of algae in the dry paint film leads to highest suppressive effect (%)<em>. </em>The tested <em>Ulva fasciata, </em></span><em><span lang="EN-US">Corallina mediterranea</span></em><span lang="EN-US">and<em> Codium</em></span><em><span lang="EN-US"> Tomentosum</span></em><span lang="EN-US"> were having the highest suppressive effect 100, 99.6 and 99.5%, respectively. These results matched with the characterization by gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometer (GC-MS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).</span>https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_41237_5547e6279b220308c9d8a86c574d4305.pdfThe Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613123320190715Histological Assessment of Gonadal Alteration in Wild Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus Inhabiting Lake Manzala, Egypt1851944104810.21608/ejabf.2019.41048ENAmer , M.A.Ahmed , K.M.Journal Article20190617The aim of the study was to detect the detrimental effects of water pollutants on gonads structure of wild tilapia, <em>O. niloticus</em>. A total of 209 wild fish were collected from Lake Manzala during the spawning season, summer of 2018. According to the sex ratio and the body weigh fish were divided into four male and three female groups. Anatomical measurements and histological examination were performed for all specimens. Data reveled that sex ratio of collected fish was 74.64 and 25.36 for male and female, respectively. Body length for males was ranged from 11.6 to 19.5 cm and from 13.6 to 18.58 cm for females. Body weight was ranged from 30.05 to 139.73 g and from 39.60 to 125.13 g for male and female, respectively. Microscopic inspection illustrated that fish gonads both testes and ovaries were affected as indicated by the deterioration and degeneration of seminiferous tubules and germinal epithelium as well as the existent of testis-ova and testis fibrosis, and in female by increasing the percentage of atretic follicles and reabsorption of vitellogenic oocytes. The data reflected the prominent changes in male and female gonadal structure, which could be attributed to the accumulation of pollutants and prolonged period of exposure. This may affect the future spawning seasons; the rate of sex cycles or reproductive failure eventually. Such changes can damage the economic revenue of Lake Manzala. Thus, it is recommended to increase water circulation through inlet purgation to attenuate pollutants and restocking the lake.https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_41048_aee8161ff764169a5e0add2d71775167.pdfThe Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613123320190715Spatial Variations of Major Ion Chemistry and Hydrogeochemical Processes of Groundwater, Menoufia Governorate, Egypt1952054085110.21608/ejabf.2019.40851ENMohamed A. OkbahMaie I. El-GammalMahmoud S. IbrahimSalah A. M. AbokhderJournal Article20190619The current study is conducted to spatial distribution of major ions and hadrochemical properties of forty groundwater samples collected for one year (during 2017) from ten different Cities of Menoufia Governorate, Egypt. Samples for turbidity, pH, conductivity, TDS, total alkalinity, total hardness as well as major cations (Ca<sup>2+</sup>, Mg<sup>2+</sup>, Na<sup>+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>) and anions (Cl<sup>-</sup>, SO<sub>4</sub><sup>--</sup>, CO<sub>3</sub><sup>--</sup> and HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>- </sup>) were determined. The results showed variations in the regional annual mean values of all the water quality parameters tested. All the groundwater parameters have lower values than those recorded by the Egyptian standard and WHO, less than the permissible limits. The major cations follow the trend: Na<sup>+ </sup>> Ca<sup>2+ </sup>> Mg<sup>2+ </sup>> K+, the domination of sodium and calcium ions in the groundwater is due to weathering of rocks. The major anions abundance followed the order HCO<sub>3</sub><sup> − </sup>> SO<sub>4 </sub><sup>2− </sup>> Cl<sup>− </sup>> CO<sub>3</sub> <sup>2-</sup>. In general, the ground water of Menoufia Governorate is suitable for drinking and agriculture purposes. The molar ratios of major ions of the groundwater revealed that the chemical composition of the groundwater samples was mainly influenced by carbonate weathering with a small contribution of silicate weathering.https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_40851_bc38e5812280fd693d2eef62d7cc5ca1.pdfThe Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613123320190715Identification key by scales differentiation for some labrid fishes, Red Sea, Egypt2072234082410.21608/ejabf.2019.40824ENAhmad M. AzabHassan M. M. Khalaf-AllahMoharam A. M. AfifiJournal Article20190617The present study aimed to identification of labrid fish species (Family: Labridae) inhabiting coral reef in Hurghada, Red Sea, Egypt based on differences in morphology of scales as well as construction of a key to the identification of these species. Fishes were collected from land fish market in Hurghada of Egyptian Red Sea, during the period from April 2016 to May 2017. The scales of studied species were removed, stained and examined.
Scales in labrid fish were mainly of cycloid type and covered the whole-body regions in most species of family Labridae and absent on operculum region in remnant species. The shape, margin, focus, separation line and granulation area of scales in different regions of the fish body may constitute as criteria for differentiating between studied labrid fish species. Scale shapes were trapezium, triangle, circular, hexagonal, obliquely quadrate, rhombic and irregular. Scale margin were emarginated, crescent, circular, biconcave, blunt, triangle and irregular in shape. The focus of scales was central and caudal area in position. The focus in scales was rounded and oval in shape. In the caudal field, separation line shape in scales was reversed V shape (^), somewhat straight, semi straight and circular. Granulation area in scales was triangular, circular, semicircular and crescent in shape. In conclusion: the differences in morphology of scales can be used as diagnostic characters in identification of fish species in family: Labridae inhabiting coral reef in Hurghada, Red Sea, Egypt.https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_40824_a40c427a8fc2f6ed8bda2ca376779eac.pdfThe Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613123320190724Effect of hard installation on coral community succession and growth rate at Taba Heights international marina at the northern Gulf of Aqaba, Egypt.2252434191810.21608/ejabf.2019.41918ENMohamed Hamza HasanJournal Article20190703Hard substrate plays an important role in the life of coral species, affecting their existence, percentage cover and growth rates. The purpose of this study was to determine the diversity, percentage cover and the succession of coral species on newly constructed hard substrate. Also to measure the growth rate of nine scleractinian corals. Taba Heights international marina has three quays, along the study period (2007-2017), a record of coral species in each quay were recorded and the successions of coral communities were studied. In total, 12 coral species were recorded from all of the surveyed quays during the 10 years period, nine hard and three soft coral species. All the recorded species were found in the first quay, while the second and third quays recorded 5 and 4 species, respectively. From the species recorded only the soft coral <em>Xenia macrospiculata</em> and the hard corals <em>Stylophora pistillata</em>, <em>Acropora pharaonsis</em> and <em>Porites solida</em> were recorded from all the three quays. At the first quay, the soft coral species were succeeded with the hard coral species. Three soft coral species were recorded at the beginning of the study at November, 2007, <em>Xenia macrospiculata</em> recorded a percentage cover of 5%, decreased to reach 0.3% at July, 2015, until it is totally disappeared at January, 2016 to the end of the study. The same pattern was recorded by the other two soft coral species <em>Dindrophyllia robusta</em> and <em>Sarcophyton trocheliophorum</em>. On contrary, the hard coral species began with lower percentage cover increased gradually with successive periods during the study. The total area covered by corals was determined at each quay; at the first quay soft coral represented 5% of the total area at November, 2007 decreased to 0.4% at July, 2015 before it totally disappeared at January, 2016. On contrary, hard coral at the same quay represented 1.4% of the total quay area at November, 2007 increased to 17.5% at July, 2017. The same pattern was obvious for the other two quays but with lower percentage cover. Nine hard coral species were measured for growth rate determination five branched and four massive species during the period of study (2007-2017). <em>Acropora hemperichi</em> recorded the highest rate of linear extension over the total period of study was 11.44 cm y<sup>-1</sup>. Followed by <em>Stylophora pistillata</em> which recorded mean growth rate 7.52 cm y<sup>-1</sup>. On the other hand <em>Porites solida</em> showed the lowest growth rate of 0.07 cm y<sup>-1</sup>.
Over the ten years period of study, the coefficient of regression statistical analysis showed that both linear extension rate per branch for branched corals and radial growth for massive corals showed significant increase with time but with different rates. https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_41918_748d72da254c371e58c4cd5513b4ef8f.pdfThe Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613123320190723The impact of shrimp pond effluent on water quality of Vasishta Godavari estuary with respect to brackishwater aquaculture, East Coast of India.2452554196310.21608/ejabf.2019.41963ENCh Venkateswara RaoNvhk ChariR MuralikrishnaJournal Article20190221Estuary, where a river meets the Sea, provides high level nutrients both in water column and in sediment, making estuaries most productive natural habitat for brackish water aquaculture in the world. Estuary is subject both to marine influences and to river influences, causes variations in optimum hydro chemical parameters, which are suitable for brackish water aquaculture. Physicochemical studies were carried out to predict whether the variations are due to seasonal changes or due to aquaculture effluents in Vasishta Godavari Estuary (VGE).Towards this objective water samples were collected in VGE from five stations during Oct-2016; Monsoon with Farm Period (FP)-1 discharge, Jan-2017; Postmonsoon with FP-2 beginning ,June-17;Premonsoon with FP-3 discharge. Influence of seawater was felt in the estuary up to a distance of 40 km from the mouth towards the head.Though fluctuations in physicochemical parameters were noticed, these are in optimum range for brackish water aquaculture. Concentration of nitrate, silicate was rich, where as phosphate, nitrite was poor. Salinity stratification was more marked than that of dissolved oxygen. Salinity gradient (surface to bottom) increases towards seaward during the discharges of FP-1 & FP-3 and not follows any trend during the beginning of FP-2. The field and laboratory observations on the water quality during the discharge and beginning of farm periods revealed that the study area have high potential for brackish water pond shrimp culture development based on values obtained which were in conformity with recommended values for shrimp culture. https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_41963_7f8abbbf943b3ecadb3550d5df7e4b92.pdfThe Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613123320190815Assessment of Short-term Effects of Pollution Accident on Fisheries in River Nile, Egypt2632704464210.21608/ejabf.2019.44642ENWalid AlyKariman A. Sh. ShalloofJournal Article20190728This study outlines the immediate impact on local fisheries of the incident that took place on 21<sup>st</sup> April 2015. A barge capsized in the Nile in Upper Egypt’s Qena governorate after colliding with the foundations of the city's Dandara Bridge. The capsized barge was carrying 500 tons of phosphate (pre-industrial, inert material) for processing in a local factory. The study aimed to record any apparent effect of the incident on the fisheries in the immediate site vicinity and downstream. Also, it described the <em>status quo</em> of the fisheries around the incident location to compare it with the situation before the accident to confirm any short-term impact and to establish a baseline for any future, long-term, impact studies. Data were collected on fish assemblage structure in the incident site vicinity, the number of fishing boats and fishing methods that were applied to catch them. Furthermore, some fisheries biological parameters were assessed. The main conclusions derived from the study were that fishing in the vicinity of the incident is artisanal with small boats and simple fishing gears. The fisheries biological parameters of the area’s fishery are comparable to that of other similar environs, and that the incident did not have an apparent short term effect on the fishery profile of the area. The main recommendations resulted from this study were that the impact of the incident on fish at the molecular level should be studied and that the state of fisheries in the area should be followed up to detect any long-term impact of the incident.https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_44642_71b65c3a3bb22575d4458afe9637fc3f.pdfThe Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613123320190912Comparative study on Liza ramada (Risso, 1827) fishery status and management between Suez Canal Lakes, Egypt2712824793710.21608/ejabf.2019.47937ENSahar F. MehannaAsaar S. El-SherbenyMohammad El-Mor0000-0002-2724-2531Noha M. EidJournal Article20190727The population parameters of the thin lipped grey mullet Liza ramada in<br />the Suez Canal lakes; Bitter and Timsah Lakes were investigated based on<br />samples collected from landing sites of the Timsah and Bitter lakes during<br />the period from December 2016 to November 2017. Based on the reading of<br />scale‟s growth rings, the life span for L. ramada was 6 years at Bitter lakes<br />and 7 years at Timsah Lake. The growth parameters (L∞ and K) of von<br />Bertalanffy growth equation for combined sexes of L. ramada in Bitter<br />Lakes were L∞ = 49.48 cm and K= 0.48/yr. while L. ramada population in<br />Timsah Lake have L∞ = 52.2 cm and K= 0.46/yr. Mortality parameters (Z,<br />M, F) were 2.54, 0.57 and 1.96 year-1 respectively at Bitter Lakes and the<br />same parameters were 2.05, 0.53 and 1.52 year-1 respectively at Lake<br />Timsah. The estimated exploitation ratios were 0.77 and 0.74 year-1 for L.<br />ramada population at Bitter and Timsah Lakes respectively. Relative yield<br />per recruit (Y/R)' model was used for evaluating L. ramada fishery status<br />and the results obtained revealed that stock of L. ramada in both<br />investigated areas; Bitter and Timsah Lakes were being overexploited and a<br />suitable management measures should be applied for protecting these<br />valuable fishery resources.https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_47937_7afd6fdf0bd579cfd565ec94d99565e7.pdfThe Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613123320190912Age, Growth and Mortality of Liza carinata Valenciennes, 1836 (Pisces: Mugilidae) in Bitter Lakes, Suez Canal, Egypt2832904793810.21608/ejabf.2019.47938ENSahar F. MehannaAsaar S. El-SherbenyMohammad El-Mor0000-0002-2724-2531Noha M. EidJournal Article20190729The longevity, growth and mortality parameters of keeled mullet Liza<br />carinata population in the Bitter Lakes, Suez Canal, Egypt were estimated<br />during the period from December 2016 to November 2017. The estimated<br />length-weight relationship for combined sexes (♂♀) was W= 0.0177 L2.8115.<br />The longevity of this species was estimated to be 4 years. The highest<br />growth rate in length was recorded in the first year of life (66.35 %). Growth<br />for both sexes was described by the von Bertalanffy equation as: Lt = 23.5<br />(1-e -0.42 (t+1.07)) for growth in length; Wt = 128 (1-e-0.42 (t+1.07))2.8 for growth in<br />weight. Based on these growth parameters, the total mortality (Z) was<br />estimated to be 2.56 y-1. The estimated values for natural mortality (M) and<br />fishing mortality (F) were 0.51 y-1 and 2.05 y-1 respectively. The estimated<br />value of the exploitation rate (E) was 0.8 y-1. All the results refers to that the<br />L. carinata stock in the Bitter Lakes, Suez Canal suffer from high rates of<br />fishing effort exceeding that gives maximum sustainable yield and<br />consequently a depleted stock.https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_47938_70a1a457648d71a0e49f9a314d6c08cb.pdfThe Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613123320190901Effect of different levels of Aqua-Max Plus® on growth performance, feed efficiency and physiological responses of the mono-sex Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus, L. 1758)2913015362510.21608/ejabf.2019.53625ENFayek H. FarragFathy F. KhalilMohamed M. RefaeyAbdallah A. El-SheblyAhmed M. BeheryJournal Article20190727<span>This study was conducted to assess the effect of different levels of Aqua-Max Plus<sup>®</sup> on growth performance, feed efficiency, body chemical composition, hematological, and biochemical of the mono-sex Nile tilapia (<em>Oreochromis niloticus</em>, L. 1758) for 147 days (21 weeks). Aqua-Max Plus<sup>®</sup> was added at five levels (0, 1, 2, 3, 4 g/kg diet). Results exhibited that the addition of Aqua-Max Plus<sup>®</sup> at levels 2, 3, and 4 g/kg diet (T<sub>3</sub>, T<sub>4</sub>, and T<sub>5</sub>) led to significantly improve the growth performance and feed efficiency parameters compared to the control group. By increasing the levels of Aqua-Max Plus<sup>®</sup>, ash and protein contents were significantly increased, while fat and energy content contents were decreased. No significant differences among treatments in hematological and serum biochemical parameters were detected. Thus, based on the obtained results, it could be concluded that the beneficial addition of 2 g Aqua-Max Plus<sup>®</sup> / kg diet as a growth promoter agent for the Nile tilapia.</span>https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_53625_644fe7bcc6efa55615376ec5f0906f2d.pdfThe Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613123320190822Study of the benthic macrofauna and application of AMBI index in the coastal waters of Algeria3213284560010.21608/ejabf.2019.45600ENBenkhedda BelhaouariFethi Si-hamdiAhmed BelguermiJournal Article20190303The aim of this of study was to examine the state of the benthic macrofauna community at six different sites in coastal waters of Algeria. The diversity of benthic macrofauna was studied and the AZTI marine biotic index (AMBI) was applied. Sampling was carried out during March and April 2018. Thus, 31 species were recorded. Higher species richness (13 species) was recorded in two sites. The highest density was estimated at 56.6 in / 0.1 m². Taxonomic analysis has shown the prevalence of Gastopoda, Bivalvia and Scaphopoda. Sediment analysis showed a low concentration of organic matter in the six sites. The AMBI index used in this study has been used extensively in Europe as indicador of marine pollution, but rarely used in Algeria. The AMBI values were quite homogeneous over all the sites, and generally correspond to undisturbed states except for one site, which is slightly disturbed.https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_45600_35153a958023eb1fd833421635897b84.pdfThe Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613123320190824Effect of heavy metals on the ovary of Tilapia zillii in some canals of Nile Delta area, Egypt.3293454567010.21608/ejabf.2019.45670ENAhmad M. AzabMohamed A. Aly-EldeenHassan M. M. Khalaf-AllahMohamed M. A. El-BattalJournal Article20190806Untreated or poorly treated industrial wastes, heavy metals and other pollutants are released into the Nile Delta canals network; causes accumulation of various heavy metals in the fish from sediments, water and food. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of heavy metals on the ovary of <em>Tilapia zillii</em> in some River Nile canals, at Nile Delta, Egypt. A total of 502 specimens of adult <em>Tilapia zillii</em> were monthly collected from Zifta, Shubra Malakan and El-Nasria stations at El-Gharbia Governorate, during the period from December, 2017 to November, 2018. Heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Ni, and Cd) were measured in the ovary of the fish at three stations. Histopathological changes in the ovary were photographed and described.
Results showed that the highest annual averages value of heavy metals concentrations in the ovary of <em>T. zillii</em> were recorded at El-Nasria station, followed by Shubra Malakan station and reached to its lowest value at Zifta station. The mature oocytes in the ovaries of <em>Tilapia zillii</em> had the highest value (74.43%) at Zifta, medium value (49.87%) in the ovaries fish at Shubra Malakan and lowest value (15.07%) in the ovaries of fish at El-Nasria. The percentage of mature oocytes decreases and atresia increases with increase heavy metals concentrations. Therefore, stopping of maturation was noticed in some ovaries of fish collected from El-Nasria station (with the highest heavy metals concentrations).
The histopathological features in the ovaries of<em> T. zillii</em>, collected from Shubra Malakan and El-Nasria stations showed degenerative and necrotic changes in the oocytes and proliferative changes in most oocyte’s granulosa. The ovarian cells of <em>T. zillii</em> converted to testicular cells. The histopathological alterations observed in the ovary may be attributed to the effects of heavy metals in the agricultural, industrial and sewage wastes discharged into El- Nasria station at Omar Bey Drainage.
This study concluded that the increase in heavy metals causes increased atresia in the ovary <em>Tilapia zillii</em>. Therefore, the technical treatment must be made to the agricultural, industrial and sewage wastes discharged into Omar Bey Drainage.https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_45670_b8ebf82a3578322ed033e089575b86dc.pdfThe Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613123320190829The relationship between the concentrations of some heavy metals in the water of Abu-Qir Bay and within the tissues of the blue crab Portunus pelagicus3473594645010.21608/ejabf.2019.46450ENKhaled A. El-DamhogyHamdy A. Abo-TalebHamdy O. AhmedMohamed A. Aly-EldeenMohamed M. Abdel-AalJournal Article20190818The concentrations of heavy metals Cu, Cd, Pb, and Zn in the Abu-Qir water and in the edible portions of the inhabitant common invertebrate <em>Portunus pelagicus</em> were determined in the period (spring 2016- winter 2017). Generally, there was an increasing in the concentration of these measured elements comparing with the previous studies. The obtained data indicated a seasonal and spatial variation of heavy metals concentrations. The highest concentrations in the bay water were recorded during summer season, while spring showed the minimum values. On the other hand, the element levels in the crabtissue were the maximum during autumn and the minimum during winter, among the measured heavy metals Pb was the highest concentration element both in the water and in the animal tissues. It was noticed that the site located near the connection with Lake Edku (Lake-Bay connection) recorded the maximum readings which reveals the effect of the discharged water from the lake.https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_46450_dcb62e00a12adacad7dbe09f89a364e3.pdfThe Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613123320190901Effect of various levels of Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) as feed supplement on growth performance, feed utilization , immune response and hematology of the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings.3613705403610.21608/ejabf.2019.54036ENAhmed M. Al-ZayatJournal Article20190724The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of graded levels (0.0 , 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5g /kg diet ) of the dietary blue-green microalgae (<em>Spirulina</em>) <em>Arthrospira platensis</em> as feed supplement to assess growth performance , nutrient utilization, immune response , some hematological parameters, and proximate composition of the Nile tilapia (<em>O. niloticus</em>) <strong>.</strong> A completely randomized experimental design was developed with 4 treatments and two replicates . Fish (80 all-male Nile tilapia fingerlings) ,with an average initial weight of 6±0.20 g , were randomly distributed into 8 glass aquaria (112 liter) and each aquarium holding 10 fish and randomly assigned to one of two replicates of the diets and offered feed to satiation to fingerlings O. niloticus. Fish were fed a balanced diet of 30% protein along the period of the experiment. The treatments were Diet 1 (Control) without <em>Spirulina</em>, Diet 2 (2.5g <em>Spirulina</em> /kg diet), Diet 3 (5g <em>Spirulina</em> /kg diet) and Diet 4 (7.5 g <em>Spirulina</em> /kg diet ). The results indicate that, the fish groups received <em>Spirulina</em> supplemental diets revealed significant improvement in growth parameters (body weight gain, feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio). Since the diets contained microalga <em>Spirulina</em> at a level (7.5 gram/kg diet) showed the highest values of growth parameters and protein utilization. Carcass composition of the experimental fish was relatively affected by different dietary treatments. This study suggested that <em>Spirulina</em> at a level of 7.5 gram/kg can be used in the feed of Nile tilapia without negative effect on growth parameters, feed utilization and blood parameters.https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_54036_1378eb30f95caccc72eb85aeef836f37.pdfThe Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613123320190910Comparative Molecular Identification of Genus Dicentrarchus Using Mitochondrial Genes and Internal Transcribed Spacer Region3713844738510.21608/ejabf.2019.47385ENFawzia S. AliMohamed IsmailAhmed MamoonJournal Article20190806DNA barcoding is one of the powerful DNA-based identification tools that are used for accurate identification of a species. Despite several DNA barcodes were used, the accuracy and suitability of these barcodes depend on species-specific variations.The current study was conducted to compare the efficiency of two mitochondrial genes to the nuclear Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region in the molecular identification of genus Dicentrarchus. A total of 80 fish samples for <em>Dicentrarchus labrax</em> and <em>Dicentrarchus punctatus</em> were randomly collected from two different locations in Egypt; Alexandria and Bardawil Lagoon. All samples were morphologically characterized. For species barcoding, the ITS region was firstly employed to carry out the PCR amplifications. Additionally, two mitochondrial genes; cytochrome b (Cyt b) and cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) were also used for species barcoding. To evaluate the efficiency of each marker, three different approaches were used. Firstly, phylogenetic relationship was constructed between the collected samples and a reference species using each genetic marker. Secondly, Automated Barcode Gap Discovery (ABGD) method was used for each marker in order to assign the samples into presumed species without priori species assumption. Lastly, the Poisson Tree Processes (PTP) model was used which relies on Bayesian support values to delimit species on the input tree. The two species of genus Dicentrarchus exhibited nearly similar ITS sequences, leading to an ambiguous identification of the two species. However, the two mitochondrial COI and Cyt b genes were able to accurately distinguish between the two species. The three approaches, phylogeny, ABGD and PTP presented consistent results. Overall, COI and Cyt b outperformed ITS in assigning species accurately. Mitochondrial barcodes could provide a leading guide for fish species identification. ITS should be abandoned in favor of COI and Cyt b as primary DNA barcode markers for fish species in general and Dicentrarchus genus, in particular.https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_47385_85834b7f53c6424f986dad25f407c635.pdfThe Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613123320190913Molecular investigation on the presence of monodon slow- growth syndrome (MSGS) in the green tiger shrimp Penaeus semisulcatus in Egypt; biofloc as a control measure4014224793610.21608/ejabf.2019.47936ENMohamed E. MegahedJournal Article20190625Juveniles of <em>Penaeus semisulcatus</em> were sampled from shrimp farms and were sorted into four categories; small-negative, large-negative, small-positive and large-positive groups based on the size of the shrimp. Levels of MIH-1 and CHH-1 transcripts, peptide, ecdysteroid, glucose and glycogen were determined. The highest levels of MIH-1 were noticed at early pre-molt stage, while the lowest was noticed at inter-molt stage. However, the relative expression level of CHH-1 transcript in the optic lobe from the inter-molt stage of all different shrimp categories (large-negative<em>, </em>small-negative, large-positive and small-positive, was significantly different (<em>P</em><0.05). Rabbit anti-MIH-1 antibody at 1:10,000 dilutions was bound to rMIH-1 without cross reactivity to with rCHH-1 or rGIH, whereas the anti-CHH antibody was bound to rCHH-1, without cross reactivity to rMIH or rGIH. The haemolymph ecdysteroid level was 90-100 ng/ml at late pre-molt stage and significantly different (<em>P<</em>0.001) from the post-molt, inter-molt and early pre-molt stages. The average glycogen concentration of the hepatopancreas of large-positive shrimp was not significantly different (<em>P</em>>0.05) from small- and large-negative shrimp. Similarly, no significant difference (<em>P</em>>0.05) was noticed in the average glycogen concentration of hepatopancreas between small-negative and large-negative shrimps. The average glucose concentration in haemolymph of large-positive shrimp was not significantly different (<em>P</em>>0.05) from small-negative and large-negative shrimps. Two low protein diets (<sup>~20</sup>BFd<sub>20.13</sub> and <sup>~22</sup>BFd<sub>22.20</sub>) and two biofloc (BFd<sub>Sucrose</sub> and BFd<sub>Glucose</sub>) were prepared in addition to control (35% crude protein). The lowest glucose concentration was estimated in the control (13.45±2.15 µg/ml), and the highest glucose concentration was found in BFd<sub>Glucose</sub> (75.01±2.31 µg/ml), followed BFd<sub>Sucrose</sub> (45.32±1.32 µg/ml), <sup>~20</sup>BFd<sub>20.13 </sub>(43.51±3.21 µg/ml) and <sup>~22</sup>BFd<sub>22.20</sub> (40.21±3.12 µg/ml). Pleopod tissues from shrimp <em>P. semisulcatus</em> grown in biofloc, low protein diets, and control were tested by RT-PCR. LSNV was not detected in <em>P.semisulcatus</em> grown in biofloc, low protein diets, compared to control. This study revealed that biofloc treatments and low protein diets could enhance growth rates and control MSGS in <em>P. semisulcatus</em>.https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_47936_e636e2ba31deaa8749be1feab1ff931b.pdfThe Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613123320190909Physical and chemical characteristics of mangrove soil under marine influence. A case study on the Mangrove Forests at Egyptian-African Red Sea Coast.3853994745110.21608/ejabf.2019.47451ENAbdelwahab A. AfefeMohamed S. AbbasAmira Sh. SolimanAbdel-Hamid A. KhedrEl-Bialy E. HatabJournal Article20190708The present study provides an analysis the growth performance of mangrove forests (<em>Avicennia marina</em> and <em>Rhizophora mucronata</em>) and the concentrates on the environmental factors (soil) that affect on the mangroves along Egyptian-African Red Sea coast. The growth performance of <em>R. mucronata</em> was higher in association with <em>A. marina</em> than in pure stands. Moreover, <em>A. marina</em> trees growing in association with <em>R. mucronata</em> were taller than plants growing in pure community. Plants growing (size index) at high tide attained the highest values of growth attributes. In comparison, <em>A. marina</em> growth attributes differed between the three locations of the three tide levels. The highest values of the growth parameters were recorded for <em>A. marina</em> growing at the medium tide in pure stands. However, the growth values of <em>A. marina</em> growing in mixture with <em>R. mucronata</em> were higher at low tide than those at either high or medium tides. The total mean of Soil Bulk Density (SBD) of the <em>A. marina</em> (1.24 g cm³) was higher than that of the <em>R. mucronata</em> (1.16 g cm³) and mixed stands (1.12 g cm³). The results shows that both ordination techniques clearly indicated that electric conductivity, CaCO3, K+, Ca++, Cl-, Na+ and Mg++ were the most important parameters determining the current distribution of mangrove pattern in the Egyptian Red Sea coast. The results showed that there is a similarity between the soil samples in different of the study locations as whole area is a coastal. In the current study the variability of ecosystem structure and function is generally a product of interactions between its different components. In the extreme arid environmental conditions of arid lands these interactions are of high significance, so that slight irregularities in one component of the ecosystem are likely to lead to substantial variations in others, so creating distinct micro habitats.https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_47451_6fdb0e2c66ff1be01b43e3e82de38bdf.pdfThe Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613123320190901Physico-chemical and bacteriological analysis of water quality in different types of water from the Ain Zada Dam of Bordj Bou Arreridj (Algeria).4234394906210.21608/ejabf.2019.49062ENOmar ElahceneHoda Abd El-AzimAziouz AidoudJournal Article20190422Physico-chemical and microbiological characteristics of the water samples were analysed following the standard methods to evaluate the quality of drinking water from (Raw water, Water before treatment, Water after treatment, Tap water) at the Ain Zada Dam to Bordj Bou Arreridj (Algeria) were analyzed. The results revealed that the physico-chemical and hydrochemical characteristics: (Temperature, PH, Conductivity, TDS, Turbidity, Dissolved Oxygen, Dry Residue, Ammonium, Total Hardness, Calcium and Magnesium, Chloride, Bicarbonate, Alkalinity, TAC, Iron, Manganese and Aluminum were found within permissible limits for drinking water as prescribed by WHO especially tap and after treatment water. Pearson correlation analysis, conducted to evaluate the relationship of water quality parameters, revealed a significant positive relationship between Total hardness with each of DO, Nitrate, Chlorides, and temperature (0.979, 0.961, 0.941 and 0.973) and negative significance with most of other parameters. Calcium and Sodium were correlated positively with Sulfate (0.986, 0.602 respectively). The detection of <em>Total coliform, total germ, E. coli, Fecal Streptococci</em><em>and Clostridium Sulf-Red</em> species was intended for human consumption suggests that Raw water and Water before treatment pose severe health risks to consumers and was found unsuitable for direct human consumption without treatment. The present study recommends mobilization of treatment interventions to protect the households from further possible consequences of using the water.https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_49062_eba63ad89fc01540116946d8e3677f43.pdfThe Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613123320190928Reproductive behavior of the silver-stripe blaasop; Lagocephalus sceleratus (Gmelin, 1789) from the Mediterranean coast, Egypt.4414545139110.21608/ejabf.2019.51391ENMahmoud M. S. FarragAlaa Eldin A. K. El-HaweeAlaa G.M. OsmanEl-Sayed Kh. A. AkelMohsen A. MoustafaJournal Article20190222In this study, the reproductive biology of the silver stripe blaasop <em>Lagocephalus sceleratus </em>(Lessepsian pufferfish)from the Mediterranean waters, Egypt was investigated during 2014 using 795 specimens in order to fill the current gap in knowledge of such important species and the relation to its rapid distribution and impact on its new ecosystem. The results revealed that the percentage of males was slightly higher than that of females, representing 52.44% of all individuals, with a sex ratio of 1:0.91 (M: F). Fish length at first sexual maturity (L<sub>m</sub>=50% maturation) was lower in males (38.5cm) than females (41cm). The elevation of gonadosomatic index (GSI) indicates that the spawning season extended from April to September. The ripe ova diameter was ranged from 0.5 to 0.82 mm, which occurred during the spawning period with a clear one peak towards the last months of spawning. Absolute fecundity increased as the fish grew in length and weight; it ranged from 260288 to 2372931 with an average of 1449522±720975. The relative fecundity ranged from 5784 to 32,957 for fish lengths ranging from a group (43-45) to (70-72 cm), with an average of 24,478 ±10,011, while it ranged from 698 to 3285 g, with an average of 776±231eggs for fish weight range (373 to 722 g). Histologically, this species is considered a totally or unispawner, spawns a synchronous group, and releases the ripe ova in one batch during the spawning season. The present results reflect the successful reproduction and high fecundity, explaining its success and rapid spread of <em>L. sceleratus </em>in its new ecosystem of the Mediterranean Sea companied with the social impact on the fisheries community and probabilities of toxic cases occurrence. This work is recommended to be used in further studies on pufferfish species, which need intensive attention in different scientific fields for various purposes.https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_51391_0be3073f9a79b8e045c7df780b17c356.pdfThe Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613123320190917Removal of ammonia and orthophosphate from domestic wastewater using marine actinomycetes4554654832210.21608/ejabf.2019.48322ENAmany G. MadkourMoaz M. HamedMahmoud A. DarJournal Article20190522The present study aims to experiment the efficiency of marine actinomycetes in ammonia and orthophosphates removing from domestic wastewaters collected from El-Gona Wastewater Treatment Station, Hurghada, Red Sea. Ten marine actinomycets isolates were isolated from sediments in the Suez Gulf and identified as: <em>Kocuria palustris</em>, <em>Streptomyces</em> <em>parvus</em>, <em>Streptomyces</em> <em>griseorubens</em>, <em>Streptomyces</em> <em>rochei</em>, <em>Streptomyces</em> <em>albidoflavus</em>, <em>Streptomyces</em> <em>griseus</em> and four belonged to <em>Streptomyces</em> sp based on their 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The results demonstrated that, the experimented actinomycetes have differential effectiveness in the domestic wastewater treatment and have significant abilities to remove ammonia and orthophosphates. <em>Streptomyces griseorubens </em>and <em>Streptomyces griseus </em>are more efficient organisms in ammonia and orthophosphates removal (77.35, 79.02%, respectively) from the raw wastewater relative to the other strains.https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_48322_6d4e225e5e5458ac35e6021826e334ba.pdfThe Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613123320190922Genotyping and pathogenicity of Streptococcus iniae strains recovered from cultured Oreochromis niloticus at Kafr El-Shiekh Governorate, Egypt.4674745163010.21608/ejabf.2019.51630ENAbdelgayed M. YounesAlkhateib Y. GaafarAlaa El-Din Z. Abu-BrykaLaila A. MohamedEl-Sayed M. BayoumyJournal Article20190727<em>Streptococcus iniae</em> causes high mortalities in aquaculture farms all over the world. This study aimed to isolate, identify pathogenicity and genetic relatedness of <em>S. iniae</em> obtained from cultured Nile tilapia (<em>O. niloticus</em>) at Kafr El-Shiekh Governorate. Fourteen isolates of pure <em>S. iniae</em> cultures were biochemically identified, and confirmed through amplification and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Experimental challenge with six selected isolates resulted in marked clinical signs similar to those recorded in natural infections. The LD<sub>50</sub> values were ranged between 3.7×10<sup>7 </sup>to 4.3×10<sup>8</sup> cfu/fish. All strains were sensitive to oxytetracycline and florfenicol. In repetitive sequence-based PCR (rep-PCR) analysis using the BoxA primer, isolates presented genetic heterogeneity and were divided into six genotypes banding patterns. Understanding the epizootiology and genetic variability between <em>S. iniae</em> isolates, could help for better control and vaccine development.https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_51630_b40d5a5c6f5383ec80b437da6da2d540.pdfThe Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613123320190926Pharmacokinetic properties of single doxycycline dose orally administered in the African catfish (Clarias gariepinus)4754824985710.21608/ejabf.2019.49857ENHosny A. IbrahimNaglaa Z. H. EleiwaAzza A. A. GalalWalaa T. El-EkiabyEl Sayed K. Abd El RahmanJournal Article20190720African catfish <em>(Clarias gariepinus)</em> aquaculture has experienced widespread production and has lately gained considerable interest in Egypt. Doxycycline (DOX) is used to control certain common fish's bacterial diseases, such as Septicemia, Fin rot, Columnaris, and Tail Rot. Therefore, our experiment was conducted to assess the pharmacokinetic properties of single doxycycline dose (20 mg/kg BW) orally administered in the African catfish. DOX plasma levels were measured using HPLC with a limit of detection nearly 0.035 µg/ ml, and then were undergoing compartmental analysis; a one-compartment model was detected. The doubled-peak phenomenon was identified after oral administration and the 1<sup>st</sup> peak concentration (C<sub>max1</sub>) and the 2<sup>nd</sup> peak concentration (C<sub>max2</sub>) in plasma were 2.29±0.46 and 1.68±0.33µg/mL at 1<sup>st</sup> and 8<sup>th</sup> h respectively, the absorption half-life (t<sub>1/2ka</sub>) was 0.045 h, the elimination half-life (t<sub>1/2ke</sub>) was 5.81 h, systemic total body clearance (Cl) was 0.72 mL/h/kg, volume of distribution of the central compartment (V<sub>d</sub>/F) was 5.74±1.11 L. These findings suggested that DOX was to some extent rapidly absorbed, widely distributed, and slowly excreted; moreover, it could be subjected to enterohepatic recycling.https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_49857_d9f7479f75c5e199e5f9e1424551dc92.pdfThe Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613123320190919Influence of dietary protein level and feed inputs on growth and feeding performance of the Nile tilapia under biofloc conditions4834914862710.21608/ejabf.2019.48627ENAmany, A. G.M.A. ElnadyM.A.I. SalemN.E. MetwallyJournal Article20190827The current experiment was designed to test the effect of crude protein content (25, 30 and 35% C.P.) as well as restricted feeding in biofloc culture on growth performance of Nile tilapia (<em>Oreochromis niloticus</em>) and water quality dynamics. The experiment included five treatments with duplicate tanks per treatment. Three normal feeding treatments and two restricted feeding treatments were adopted in the experiment. Two feed inputs were employed in the experiment: 1) The normal feeding rates which ranged 1.4 to 1.8% of fish biomass on daily basis according to season for the 25, 30 and 35% crude protein treatments, 2) The restricted feeding rate at 80% of the normal feeding rates (1.12 to 1.44% of fish biomass daily) according to season for the 30% and 35% crude protein treatments. Molasses were dissolved in water at dry feed to molasses ratio of 1:1 on a daily basis in order to develop biofloc and nourish heterotrophic bacteria. Starting with average initial weights of 13.5 to 20.3 grams/fish, Nile tilapia juveniles grew to harvest weight of 310.2 to 342.1 grams/fish. Increasing dietary protein from 30% to 35% within the biofloc treatments did not improve final body weight at harvest. Daily weight gains (0.82 g/fish/day) were slightly improved with the 30% crude protein diet compared to those of the 25% crude protein diet (p<0.05). Similar daily weight gains were obtained when fish were reared under the 30% restricted protein treatment (0.77 g/fish/day) compared to that of the 30% crude protein treatment. The higher crude protein content in the 35% crude protein treatment did not improve daily weight gain of Nile tilapia compared to the 30% crude protein treatment (p>0.05). It is recommended to feed Nile tilapia at crude protein level of 30% in order to obtain acceptable growth with economic returns. Nile tilapia reared under the 30% crude protein treatment had better PER ratio (1.96) and lower feed costs (15.11 L.E. /kilogram fish) at lower feeding rate compared to the 25% crude protein treatment.https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_48627_8cc132ded05179abaab45060f3368ea9.pdfThe Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613123320190920Frozen fish chips properties processed from some economic underutilized fish species4935025163910.21608/ejabf.2019.51639ENMohamed Abou-Taleb0000-0003-1344-5343Abdelrahman S. TalabMohamed A. IbrahimMaha E. GeninaFify R. AneesMostafa M. MahmoudShimaa M. Abou-TalebJournal Article20190822The Egyptians have experienced rapid changes in food habits in the present day. Light food is an interesting food, but its food contribution has been negligible. The main objective of this investigation is to produce fish chips from some economic underutilized fish species e.g. common carp, kawakawa and little tuna and evaluate the physiochemical, microbiological and sensory quality properties for these products during frozen storage for three months at -18°C. Obtained results indicated that the values of pH, TVBN, TMA and TBA were increased during storage period at -18°C in all samples. <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>, and <em>E. coli</em>, were not detected during storage and both of the total bacterial count and total coliform values were decreased till the end of storage period of fish chips samples. Sensory evaluation show didn’t significantly change (p>0.05) in all different types of fish chips samples until the end of storage period. Concluded from this study that the frozen fish chips produced from common carp, kawakawa and little tuna fish gain high organoleptic acceptance as a cheap product and can help to solve the problems of malnutrition and protein deficiency especially in pre-school children and adolescents. According to sensory evaluation results, fish chips processed from kawakawa was the best type followed by common carp and little tuna fish. https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_51639_7e110e50189904c525fa636bc58d4a0a.pdfThe Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613123320190930Reproductive biology of the Yellow-spotted Puffer Torquigener flavimaculosus (Osteichthyes: Tetraodontidae) from Gulf of Suez, Egypt.5035115102210.21608/ejabf.2019.51022ENAmal M. RamadanMagdy M. ElhalfawyJournal Article20190501The present study assesses reproductive biology of Yellowspotted Puffer <em>Torquigener flavimaculosus</em>, were collected seasonally from commercial catches at the Attaka fishing harbor in Suez from winter 2017 until autumn 2018. The sex ratio was found 1:1.08 for male and female, respectively. The fish length at first sexual maturity (L<sub>50</sub>) was 8.2 cm for males and 9.5 cm for females. In addition, the allometric pattern of gonadal growth was studied to validate the use of the gonado-somatic index (GSI) in assessments of the reproductive cycle. The highest peak of GSI (10.5 ± 1.012%) and (4.3 ± 0.084%) for female and male were recorded in summer, respectively. Values for hepato-somatic index (HSI) is very high and strong inverse relationship with gonado-somatic index (GSI) we inferred that lipid reserves in the liver play an important role in gonad maturation and spawning. Somatic condition factor (Kr) also varied, albeit less so, throughout the year, suggesting that body fat and muscle play lesser roles in providing energy for reproduction. Seasonality of liver lipid content and different spawning seasons have important implications for designing sampling strategies using these fish, especially when monitoring lipophilic contaminants. According to the present results of seasonal variations in maturity stages gonado-somatic index (GSI), hepato-somatic index (HSI) and somatic condition factor (Kr) indicate that the reproductive season of <em>Torquigener flavimaculosus</em> collected from Gulf of Suez represented in summer season.https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_51022_41ffbb9e2f00880829871571ac477813.pdfThe Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613123320190901Seasonal variation of heavy metals in water and organs of Oreochromis niloticus at Rosetta Branch, River Nile, Egypt.5135265164810.21608/ejabf.2019.51648ENMarwa M. DarweeshHala M. Gamal El-DeinSamir M. Abou-ShleelMohammed A. El-ShirbenyJournal Article20190728The pollution of the aquatic environment with heavy metals is one of the most principal water, aquatic life, and public health problems in the Rosetta Branch. There are annual increases in pollutants and heavy metals that flow into the River Nile by many sources; as agricultural and industrial activities as well as sewage wastewater. The present study aimed to evaluate the seasonal variation of heavy metals contents (Pb, Cd, Hg, Cr, Fe, and Zn) in water and Nile tilapia fish samples, which collected from Rosetta Branch, River Nile and provide information regarding fish growth and water quality. This study was carried out along the Rosetta Branch at four sites (Kafr El-Zayat, Minyat Jenaj, Desouk, and Motobas) during 2016/2017 in four seasons. The results revealed that winter was the highest season in heavy metal concentration and summer was the lowest in heavy metals concentrations. Additionally, Kafr El-Zayat was the highest site in heavy metals concentration, and Minyat Jenaj was the lowest. In water samples, Hg was higher than the permissible limit in all season and sites. Moreover, Pb concentration was higher than the allowable limit in all seasons and sites except summer; Cd concentration was higher than the acceptable limit in autumn and winter seasons. Concerning fish samples, heavy metals concentrations in gills were much higher than that of the muscles. In Desouk and Motobas sites, the concentration of Pb in muscles was higher than the permissible limit in autumn and winter seasons. The concentration of Cd in muscles was higher than the permissible limit in autumn at Kafr El-zayat; spring season gave the highest values of HSI comparing to other seasons.https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_51648_ee227783346a8dd526b5875a2d315898.pdfThe Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613123320190920Immobilization, Thermodynamic studies and Application of Chitinase enzyme from Penicillium chrysogenum5275444869810.21608/ejabf.2019.48698ENSara H. MansourAzza M. Abdel-FattahMona A. EsawyEman F. AhmedAhmed A. HarounMohamed A. HusseinNaziha M. HassanienHend M. KhaterJournal Article20190731This study was conducted to investigate the production of an efficient chitinase from a marine isolate. Accordingly, a marine fungus was isolated from the soft coral; <em>Heteroxenia fuscescens</em> and identified by molecular 18S rRNA technique as <em>Penicillium chrysogenum</em>. The isolate was chitinase producer (331, 8 U/mL) and the result was confirmed by TLC and HPLC. The enzyme was partially purified and immobilized completely in a modified bentonite. The free and immobilized enzymes recorded a maximum relative activity (100%) at 50 and 55°C, respectively, the activation energy of the immobilized enzyme was 10.60 Kjmol <sup>-1 </sup>with 40% reduction than that of the free enzyme. Thermal and pH stability studies showed that the enzyme maintained its complete activity at (50 and 55) °C for 120 min and at pH 5 and 6. The deactivation rate constant (K<sub>d</sub>), deactivation energy (Ed), half-life (t<sub>1/2) </sub>, D, ∆ G, ∆ H, ∆ S values were calculated for both enzyme forms and insured the success of the immobilization process in enzyme protection. The immobilized enzyme was reused for three cycles without loss in activity. Toxicological studies of chitinase against 3<sup>rd </sup>instar larvae of <em>Cx. pipiens</em> L revealed high mortality rates.https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_48698_5a946d02741f026f9d5f124d76e63eb4.pdfThe Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613123320190919Carcharhinid shark species (Family Carcharhinidae), with special reference to the first records in the Egyptian Mediterranean Waters, Alexandria, Egypt.5455594853110.21608/ejabf.2019.48531ENAhmad M. AzabHassan M. M. Khalaf-AllahMoustafa M. H. SarhanMohamed A. M. El-TabakhJournal Article20190903The present study aimed to provide an update on carcharhinid sharks (Family: Carcharhinidae) in the Egyptian Mediterranean waters, based on the differences in morphological features of the body. A total of 36 specimens of carcharhinid sharks belong to 7 species of family Carcharhinidae were seasonally collected from the commercial catch at land fish market in Alexandria of Mediterranean Sea, during the period from May 2017 to June 2018. Morphometric characters were recorded for each specimen. Many photos had been captured for each shark specimen and processed by Image J software for calculating different ratios of morphological aspects for shark’s body.
Results showed that seven species belonging to the family Carcharhinidae (<em>Carcharhinus altimus, C. brachyurus, C. brevipinna, C. falciformis, C. obscurus, C. plumbeus </em>and<em> Prionace glauca</em>) were found to inhibit the Egyptian Mediterranean waters at Alexandria. Four of them were firstly recorded in the Egyptian Mediterranean waters (i.e. <em>C. brachyurus, C. falciformis, C. obscurus </em>and<em> Prionace glauca.</em> Our study was attempted to add some morphometric characters for the identification of studied species. Statistical analysis of morphometric ratios showed significant differences between investigated species (P<0.05), revealing its capability as classifying tool.https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_48531_bc6fdeafb18838f634732400d5e7c70a.pdfThe Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613123320190919Effectiveness evaluation of Chrysomya albiceps (Diptera: Calliphoridae) and Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae) maggots extracts as antimicrobial and antiviral agent5615734864310.21608/ejabf.2019.48643ENMoneer S. AmerKotb M. HammadAhmed I. HasaballahAhmed Z.I. ShehataSaeed M. SaeedJournal Article20190816<strong>Abstract</strong>
The present study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of<em>Chrysomya albiceps and Musca domestica </em>maggots' extracts produced from different solvents against some bacterial and fungal strains, beside the role of these extracts as anti-HSV therapeutic agents. Results obtained evoked a variable activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria depending on tested species and the solvent used in extraction. The highest antibacterial activity was attained by petroleum ether extract 24h post treatment for both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria either by Microbial Growth Inhibition method or by Minimum Inhibitory Concentration method followed by hexane, ethyl acetate and acetone extract. Gram-positive bacterial strains were more sensitive than Gram-negative bacterial strains. Regarding the antifungal activity, tested extracts showed variable antifungal activity. In addition, petroleum ether extracts of tested species exhibited a vital role as potential anti-HSV agent due to their promising antiviral activity. In general, tested extracts induced remarkable effects on both antimicrobial and antiviral activities.
https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_48643_adc11c6499c0ef9ac121b371bc647a72.pdfThe Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613123320190919Morphological aspects of dorsal fin for eight shark species with special reference to the first records in Egyptian Mediterranean waters, Alexandria, Egypt5755884855110.21608/ejabf.2019.48551ENAhmad M. AzabHassan M. M. Khalaf-AllahMoustafa M. H. SarhanMohamed A. M. El-TabakhJournal Article20190904The present study aimed to describe the dorsal fin measurements used to differentiate between some shark species in Egyptian Mediterranean waters. A total of 43 specimens of sharks were seasonally collected from the commercial catch of the Mediterranean Sea land fish markets in Alexandria, during the period from May 2017 to June 2018. Morphometric characters of dorsal fin were recorded for each specimen. Many photos had been captured for each shark specimen to be processed by Image J software to calculate different ratios of morphological aspects for dorsal fin.
Results showed that the collected specimens belong to 8 species (Heptranchias perlo, Hexanchus griseus, Squalus megalops, Centrophorus uyato, Oxynotus centrina, Squatina squatina, Isurus oxyrinchus and Isurus paucus) and three species of them (Heptranchias perlo, Squalus megalops and Isurus paucus) are a new record in the Egyptian Mediterranean waters. The morphological aspects of dorsal fin in these eight shark species were greatly varied in shape.
The morphological aspects of studied shark species proved the potential capability of this method for shark species identification. The statistical analysis of morphometric ratios showed significant variances between investigated species. Our study attempted to add more update information on shark dorsal fin morphological and dimensional scaling.https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_48551_bc3d88e1ed998243b4aa13982b4f58ea.pdfThe Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613123320190920Role of dietary L-carnitine supplements on improving of reproductive performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)5895984870910.21608/ejabf.2019.48709ENAhmed F. Fath El-BabMostafa M. El-MoghazyMohammed A. A. MostafaNayera M. S. El-DwenyJournal Article20190821Studies on the effect of dietary L-carnitine supplements on reproductive performance for <em>Oreochromis niloticus</em> are scarce. A Seven months feeding trial was undertaken to examine four L-carnitine levels (control, 300, 600 and 900 mg kg 1 diet) on the reproductive performance for <em>Oreochromis niloticus</em> females and their fries during whole hatching season. A 120 females for were randomly distributed into 4 ponds (30 females per pond) represent four treatments and 4 ponds for the fry produced. During of this study, the reproductive traits for females and growth performance for fries were recorded. It was found that the dietary L-carnitine supplementation at all levels (300, 600 and 900 mg<sup>-1</sup>kg) significantly (P<0.01) increased all reproductive performance parameters (females weight (FW), total egg weight per female (EW/F), egg weight (g) per gm of body weight (EW/GF), Absolute and relative fecundity (ABS) and (REL), The ratio of number of eggs / one gram of egg (NE/GE), Hatchability percentage (Hat%), Fry number per fish (FN/F) and Fry number per gram of female body weight (FN/GF)), also, increased all growth performance parameters for fries produced (body weight, daily weight gain and specific growth rate). and improved feed conversion ratio (FCR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER).https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_48709_c8fc4a8f648a4232ff33c55e4de0f8fd.pdfThe Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613123320190908A comparison of the severity of white spot disease in cultured shrimp (Fenneropenaeus indicus) at a farm level in Egypt. I-Molecular, histopathological and field observations6136374730110.21608/ejabf.2019.47301ENMohamed E. MegahedJournal Article20190322Since 2009, white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) has been detected in cultured shrimp <em>Fenneropenaeus indicus</em> and caused severe mortalities in cultured penaeid shrimp in Egypt. The results showed that the variation of WSSV loads was correlated with DO, temperature and ammonia-N concentrations (NH<sub>4</sub>). These results suggested that maintaining high level DO, high water temperature and low level of ammonia might prevent the diseases outbreak and mortality. This study investigated the occurrence of WSD in cultured <em>F. indicus</em> in shrimp farms of Egypt using H&E histopathology and PCR examinations. <em>F. indicus</em> shrimps obtained from ponds experiencing no WSD outbreaks (ISHNO) and ponds experiencing outbreaks (MMWO) showed typical clinical signs of WSD. The results of morphometrics showed no difference between ISHNO and MMWO and the WSSV does not affect the growth or body shape of the shrimp. Overall, the histopathological changes in the tissues of the shrimp from ISHNO and MMWO ponds were similar but the severity of changes was more in MMWO compared to ISHNO. A total of 16 Haemolymph and 22 gill tissues were collected from ISHNO and MMWO were tested by PCR. The samples were all tested positive for WSSV by IQ2000 WSSV DPS. The MMWO shrimp samples appear to have stronger band intensity compared to the ISHNO, this explains why MMWO experienced mortalities earlier time than ISHNO. There were differences in the number and percentage of infected shrimp between female and male in both ISHNO and MMWO. In ISHNO farms, 2047 (68.23%) female and 953 male (31.76%) infected by WSSV. In MMWO farms, 2078 (69.26%) female and 922 (30.73%) male infected by WSSV. The effect of WSSV was not significant on the growth rate and survival during production cyscle. However, mortality occurs at a certain point of time and affects the whole ponds. This was clear where massive mortalities occurred earlier in MMWO than ISHNO after 16 weeks (day 112) of culture.https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_47301_bad62c23c17dd4025733872d2e59e40a.pdfThe Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613123320190901Remote Sensing Technique for Assessment of Zooplankton Community in Lake Mariout, Egypt.5996095714210.21608/ejabf.2019.57142ENHowaida Y. ZakariaSameh B. El-KafrawyHussein A. El-NaggarJournal Article20190712Lake Mariout is a shallow, brackish water basin located in the north of Egypt. Zooplankton samples were collected seasonally from 10 stations during the period from summer 2009 to autumn 2015 to evaluate the ecological status of Lake Mariout through variations in zooplankton community using time series analyses and remote sensing technique. Fifty zooplankton taxa belong to 36 genera were recorded all over the period of study. Rotifera was the most abundant and diversified group, followed by Copepoda and Ostracoda. The time series trending of the total zooplankton density was decreasing with time. Rotifers showed stability in abundance all over the study period. Copepod density tended to increase gradually with time while ostracod and cladoceran densities tended to decrease. <em>Brachionus urceolaris</em> and <em>Brachionus calyciflorus</em> were the most common species over the study period at all lake basins. The present results confirmed the continued deterioration of Lake Mariout situation, which threatens the breakdown of the Lake ecosystem that could have a negative impact on its fish production.https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_57142_96df46c1ed2d1ba63b54002a91c6d19e.pdfThe Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613123320190830Effect of different levels of citric acid as supplementation on growth performance, feed utilization, body composition, water quality, and blood profile of Monosex Male Nile Tilapia (Oreocheromis niloticus) fingerlings6116246310410.21608/ejabf.2019.63104ENAHMED M. Al-ZayatFaculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20190715This study was conducted to evaluate the use of a dietary citric acid as organic acid supplementation on growth performance, feed utilization, hematology and immune response of Nile tilapia, <em>O. niloticus</em>. A total of 720 apparently healthy<em> O. niloticus</em> fingerlings with an averages of body weight and length 5.6 ± 0.14 g and 7.0 ± 0.11 (mean ± SE) were randomly divided into three equal groups (G1, G2 and G3). G1 was fed a basal diet (without citric acid supplementation), while G2 and G3 were fed a dietary citric acid supplementation mixture in 0.5 and1 g/kg diet, respectively in triplicate for 90 days (from 1/8/2017 to 30/10/2017). At the end of period (90 days), groups G2 and G 3 had significant (P > 0.05) in all the parameters analysed (water quality parameters, growth performance, feed utilization, hematology and immune response of male Nile tilapia (<em>O</em><em>.</em><em> niloticus</em>) fingerlings compared with the control diet group(G1). Blood parameters were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in the control diet than the other experimental diets, which did not significantly differ from each other (P > 0.05). Fish fed diet G3 (supplemented with 1.0 % citric acid / kg diet) showed the higher serum total protein content, while the control group showed the lower serum haematological parameters compared with the other groups (P ≤ 0.05). The average value of (ALT), and (AST) were significant decreased (P< 0.05) compared with control and other diet the addition <em>of</em> citric acid. The present observations suggest that, the growth, feed utilization, and health status of <em>O. niloticus </em>fingerlings can be enhanced with a supplementation with a dietary citric acid as organic acid supplementation improves growth performance, feed utilization, Proximate composition of body muscle, hematology and immune respons of Nile tilapia, <em>O. niloticus </em>fingerlings.https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_63104_d379c84e3188c7e9703377839bd98cc0.pdfThe Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613123320190815Analytical Study of the Current and the Future Situation of Fishery Resources in Qaroun and Al-Rayyan Lakes in Fayoum Governorate, Egypt.3033206316110.21608/ejabf.2019.63161ENEman T. H. AlroubyYaseen E. Abdul-TawabJournal Article20190622The main objective of this work is identifying both the status and the future situation of fishery resources in Qaroun and Al-Rayyan lakes through the study of the chronological development of fish production and the most important economic and environmental factors affecting the fish production in these fisheries during the period (1995- 2015). Moreover, estimating the Maximum Sustainable Production, the Allowed Maximum Fishing Limit Rate to achieve equilibrium between production and fishing rates. Also, for studying of the most important economic and environmental factors, which affect the fish production from Qaroun and Al-Rayyan Lakes for the capability of achieving production efficiency within those fisheries, and predication the fish production of those fisheries within the period (2020-2025). The most significant results concluded by the study were as follows:
The fish production of Qaroun and Al-Rayyan Lakes have increased with a statistically annual rate of about 7.7%, 8.7% respectively, through the period of the study. The production surplus application model (Schaefer) results showed that within the period (1995-2015), the Maximum Sustainable Production (MSY) in Qaroun and Al-Rayyan Lakes had reached 3653.59 and 2369.23 tons per year, respectively by fishing effort, which reached about 343 and 127 fishing boats respectively. Moreover, the research has shown an increase in the actual production volume more than the Maximum Sustainable Production within the period of the study in Qaroun and Al-Rayyan Lakes and that the actual fishing effort exceeds the optimum fishing effort in these lakes, which explains how these Lakes are suffering from the phenomena of Illegal Fishing Activities.
-The total productivity of Lake Qaroun reached about (-1.91) and about(-0.253) in Al-Rayyan lakes, which indicate that the fish production in these lakes is in the third stage; uneconomic stage. In addition, these results concurred with many studies that confirmed the contamination of the lake’s water with chemicals and pesticides due to the industrial, agricultural and sanitary sewage.
Finaly, it turned out that the expected volume of fish production in Qaroun Lake for the year 2020 and 2025 will be about 2992.7, 3676.4 tons respectively, with an increase of 21%, 48.6% than the average fish production within the period (1995-2015). The expected fish production in Al-Rayyan lakes is about 5352.52, 6597.31 tons for the years 2020 and 2025, respectively with 17.92 %, 23.3% increase than the fish production of the year 2015.https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_63161_ec9fbc1b42ff29443f7ba44cab8b85c1.pdfThe Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613123320190701Isolation, partial purification and characterization of protease enzyme from the head of Nile tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus).2572627043610.21608/ejabf.2019.70436ENAsep A. PrihantoHappy Nursyam0000-0002-6508-5493Yoga D. JatmikoRoyani L. HayatiJournal Article20190222<span>Fishery processing waste is as environmental problem. Fish waste, such as the head of the Nile tilapia fish (<em>Oreochromis niloticus</em>), is underutilized and has a low economic value, even though the waste can be re-processed.</span><span>The purpose of this study was to isolate and purify protease enzymes from the head of Nile tilapia fish (<em>O. niloticus</em>) and to investigate their partial enzyme characteristics. Protease enzymes were isolated using various percentages of ammonium sulfate precipitation, which was followed by partial purification by dialysis. The total protein and specific activity of the enzyme was calculated at each stage of purification. The characteristics of the enzyme, namely optimum temperature, pH and <em>Km </em>and <em>k<sub>cat</sub></em> were investigated. The result of investigation revealed that the 40% ammonium sulfate extraction showed the highest yield of the enzyme. Partial purification by dialysis can increase its specific activity 21 times from its crude extract form. The optimum temperature of the protease is 38°C, while the optimum pH is 7.5. The protease <em>Km</em> and <em>k<sub>cat</sub></em> value of this protease were 1.887 mM and 39.768 s<sup>-1</sup>.The protease enzyme was optimally semi-purified using 40% ammonium sulfate precipitation. Judging from the result, this enzyme categorized as a neutral enzyme. Further analysis is needed to investigate its other characteristics.</span>https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_70436_e37935b9f7951103753495468e24853a.pdf