The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613127120230101Biodiversity of Zooplankton as Bio-Indicator for Water Criteria at Jazan Coastal Areas12528012410.21608/ejabf.2023.280124ENReem A. Faqihi Et Al.Journal Article20230113Zooplankton is important as a major source of fish food. This study dealt with the spatial and temporal distribution of zooplankton in Al Salwa beach, Jazan sandy shore, the muddy shore of Baish coast, and the sandy coasts of Al-Shuqiq, Al-Moassum, and Farasan. Water properties were determined, including water temperature, pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, and total dissolved solids. Species richness, population abundance, relative abundance, and Shannon-Weiner diversity index (H<sup>-</sup>) were studied. 11 species were identified; ciliates, free-living nematodes, calanoid copepod, nauplius larva, gnathostomulida, water mite, <em>Meliola</em>, medusa, Polychaeta, zoaea larva, and Tardigrada. The highest species abundance was for ciliates on Al-Shuqiq sandy shore, while the lowest was for water mites on Jazan sandy shore coast. Shannon-Weiner diversity index (H) was 1.05 on the sandy coast of the Jazan region and 0.39 on the mangrove coast of Baish. The regression analysis between water criteria and the zooplankton abundance showed a significant relationship of water temperature (<em>P</em><0.05) with ciliates. Data were discussed to highlight the factors affecting zooplankton distribution in marine habitats.https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_280124_9d559ec96b27671d11dad1739981e12d.pdfThe Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613127120230101Breeding Strategy of Nannothrissa stewarti POLL and ROBERTS 1976 (Clupeidae) in Lake Mai-Ndombe, Democratic Republic of Congo274528023410.21608/ejabf.2023.280234ENNorbert Zanga Lingopa Et Al.Journal Article20230114The clupeid, <em>Nannothrissa stewarti</em> (Poll and Roberts 1976), endemic to Lake Mai-Ndombe, is one of the most heavily fished fish species using practices and nets not allowed by the country's legislation. The objective of this study was to determine some aspects of the reproductive biology of <em>N. stewarti</em> in Lake Mai-Ndombe. Fish were monthly sampled from November 2020 to October 2021. Breeding parameters were determined: gonado-somatic index (GSI), size at first sexual maturity, absolute fecundity and the relationship between total weight (TW) and total length (TL). Results obtained showed that the sex ratio was in favor of females (1: 0.8). Estimated absolute fecundity was between 227 and 4080 oocytes for females of total length between 23 and 35mm, with an average of 923 ± 664g oocytes and a relative fecundity varying between 25120 and 155460 oocytes kg-1. The average oocyte diameter was 0.20 ± 0.14mm. Distribution of oocyte diameters observed in the population as well as monthly variations of the Somatic Gonado Index (SGI) indicates that the species has two main clutches during the year. LT<sub>50</sub> size at first sexual maturity is 27.6mm for males and 25.5mm for females. <em>N. stewarti</em> from Lake Mai-Ndombe has multiple reproductions throughout the year, with two maximum peaks at the beginning of the peak rainfall (February-March and September-October).https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_280234_298facda237c13da1b93f0d0b14b5e9c.pdfThe Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613127120230101Quality Changes during Frozen Storage of Hot Smoked Fillets and Spreads Processed from Indian Mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta) and Pangasius (Pangasius hypophthalmus) Fish476728073010.21608/ejabf.2023.280730ENMyada M. Mostafa Et Al.Journal Article20230117Indian mackerel and <em>Pangasius</em> fish fillets were both subjected to a hot smoking procedure, and their products were used in the spread preparation. Proximate analysis, physicochemical, microbial and sensory properties were monitored before and after frozen storage for three months. The fat content (12.1%) and nutritional value (215.3 Kcal/100g) of the smoked <em>Pangasius</em> fillets were more than those recorded for smoked Indian mackerel fillets (2.5% & 144.1 Kcal/100g, respectively). During frozen storage of smoked Indian mackerel and <em>Pangasius</em> fillets, moisture content was reduced to 61.25 and 51.8%, while an increment was noticed in salt content (2.73 & 2.45%), pH (6.7 & 6.82), TVB-N (24.94 & 18.55 mgN/100g), TBA (2.4 & 2.98 mgMDA/kg), TPC counts (2.5×10<sup>3</sup> & 5.3×10<sup>3</sup> CFU/g), and yeast and mold counts (0.97×10<sup>2</sup> & 1.3×10<sup>2</sup> CFU/g), respectively. Sensory scores for smoked Indian mackerel and <em>Pangasius</em> fillets ranged between very good and good, and the overall acceptability scores became 38 and 35, respectively, at the end of the frozen storage period. By adding feta cheese and ketchup to produce Indian mackerel and <em>Pangasius</em> spreads, the protein content decreased to 21.5 and 19.8%, while carbohydrates (10.2 & 8.5%), fat (4.1 & 13.3%) and nutritional value (163.7 & 232.9 Kcal/100g) increased, respectively. At the end of frozen storage, moisture content decreased to 58.08 and 50.97%, while salt content (3.81 & 2.85%), pH (5.84 & 6.72), TVB-N (33.44 & 23.91 mg N/100g), TBA (2.03 & 2.67 mg MDA/kg), TV counts (7.9×10<sup>3</sup> & 9.2×10<sup>3</sup> CFU/g), and yeast and mold counts (3.1×10<sup>2</sup> & 3.8×10<sup>2</sup> CFU/g) increased, respectively. Sensory scores for the Indian mackerel and <em>Pangasius</em> spreads ranged between very good and good, and the overall acceptability scores became 39 and 37, respectively. The quality of hot smoked fillets and spreads coincides with Egyptian standards for smoked products.https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_280730_595eb9b0d75315b1ccc4f3e3c384129a.pdfThe Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613127120230101The Views and Knowledge of the Fishermen on the Impact of Lake Burullus Development on their Community698428141410.21608/ejabf.2023.281414ENNoura H.S. HassanEbtessam E.E. MohamedJournal Article20230122The present work was designed to address the views and knowledge of the fishermen of Burullus Lake regarding the impact of the development of the lake on their community. The data were collected from 137 total respondents via a questionnaire using a personal interview. For their personal data, most of the respondents are young with intermediate qualifications, married and support families. On the impact of the development of Lake Burullus on fishing, funding sources and obtaining licenses were agreed upon as obstacles facing most of the respondents in addition to the emigration of fishermen. In addition, the majority agreed that there are still problems despite the development. While, for family problems, the majority agreed that there are still family problems related to the period of time off and living expenses that worsen by time. Considering social safety, most of them agreed that there are no means of social safety for the sake of the fisherman and his family. For the housing environment and prevailing services, the majority agreed on the existence of problems in the housing and the surrounding environment adding to the weakness of services. In general, fishermen are facing problems with non-available solutions. Therefore, the concerned authorities should give more attention to the status of fishermen, spreading awareness and culture among them to preserve the lake and its resources.https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_281414_b801a9547367aff6b6b73d71e8e2056e.pdfThe Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613127120230101Evaluating the Accuracy of ERA5 Wave Reanalysis with In Situ Data on the Egyptian Mediterranean Coasts8510728264710.21608/ejabf.2023.282647ENKareem Tonbol Et Al.Journal Article20230128Wave is an effective physical oceanographic parameter essential for human maritime activities, such as ships' navigation, coastal engineering and sediment transportation. Hourly wave data records were acquired from four buoys, deployed in different locations: Alexandria Western Harbor, Alexandria Eastern Harbor, Port Said Harbor, and Rashid site along the southeastern coast of Egypt, utilized for validating waves 'hourly data, obtained from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting Reanalysis. Results revealed that the mean direction of waves using wind rose analysis is north-west-north for all offshore deep-water buoys in both datasets. In contrast, the results from onshore shallow-water buoys in AWH were in a different direction, with a weak correlation value (0.04). Furthermore, the differences in mean significant wave height of offshore buoys ranged from −0.17- 0.14m, respectively, and correlation values were 0.88, 0.96 and 0.96. Meanwhile, the differences in the same data SWH from onshore buoys fluctuated between 2.9 and 2.96m, with a correlation value of 0.73. In addition, the root-mean-square error in SWH ranges between 0.001 and 0.126m. Moreover, the standard deviation does not exceed 0.89m and is even as low as 0.16m at all far sites. While, in the near coast locations, it reaches up to 1.53m. Accordingly, the mean zero-crossing period correlation between the two datasets was 0.14, 0.91, and 0.89, while in the near coast buoy, it was 0.069. Meanwhile, the bias in the mean zero-crossing period between both datasets (ERA-5 and buoy) showed a difference in the mean ranges from 0.08 s to 1.6 s. Finally, from the analysis of the three main wave parameters, the validity of ERA5 wave data was confirmed, except for the shallow nearshore areas as well as the low-depth sensor due to its low accuracy.https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_282647_ef5e4a5becc45aedc7d062e932a2f68d.pdfThe Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613127120230101Spatial Distribution Patterns and Relative Abundance of Culex Mosquito Larvae in Alexandria Governorate, Egypt10912328403710.21608/ejabf.2023.284037ENWesam M.A. Ward Et Al.Journal Article20230204The present study aimed to study<em> Culex</em> mosquito vectors' different patterns in Alexandria Governorate, Egypt. Four regions (Abis, Al Mamurah, El Ibrahimeya and El-Agamy) are selected for this study. Different physicochemical parameters and breeding water (temperature, pH, total dissolved solids, and dissolved oxygen) were measured; the relationship between measured parameters and the relative abundance of mosquito larvae were examined. Data revealed that <em>Culex</em> mosquito species in Alexandria Governorate were represented by four species: <em>Cx. pipiens</em>,<em> Cx. antennatus</em>,<em> Cx. theileri</em> and<em> Cx. tritaeniorhynchus</em>. <em>Culex pipiens </em>and <em>Cx. antennatus </em>were the most abundant mosquito species in the study area. The highest relative abundance of <em>Cx. pipiens</em> larvae were recorded in El Ibrahimeya region (56.19%). A significant variation (<em>P</em><0.05) was detected between investigated species in their abundance during the study period, except <em>Cx. tritaeniorhynchus</em> and <em>Cx. theileri</em>, where there was no significant variation (<em>P</em>>0.05) in their abundance, compared to each other. In addition, a significant variation (<em>P</em>< 0.05) was recorded between Abis comparison to Al Mamurah, El Ibrahimeya, and El-Agamy. On the other hand, the temperature was the most reliable factor affecting the abundance of all species at Abis, Al Mamurah and El-Agamy, while the total dissolved solids (TDS) represented a reliable factor for the abundance of all species at El-Agamy. Furthermore, all species abundance at El Ibrahimeya is associated with dissolved oxygen (DO).https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_284037_fb78bb38f2f20cd7b24ca22fa5dbf436.pdfThe Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613127120230101Modeling of Salt Gain Rate in the Herring (Clupea harengus) During Brining Process12514228403810.21608/ejabf.2023.284038ENM. A. Ramzy Et Al.Journal Article20230204Despite the presence of food processing technologies, there is a growing need for data analysis. The possibility of controlling time, cost and quality is attainable by employing predictive models. Thus, the present study was conducted to determine whether the Peleg equation could be used to simulate the rate of salt gain during brining herring at a specific brine concentration and brine retention time. In addition, a novel model was implemented to predict salt uptake at various brine concentration levels, even those that were not tested. For bringing solution concentrations of 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% at the same arrangement, the resulting Peleg constants via a Peleg model (MPC) recorded values of K<sub>1</sub> (rate constant) and K<sub>2</sub> (capacity constant), with 14.21069, 14.70289, 11.00787, and 8.800355 g/100g and 0.212660574, 0.11740342, 0.118972, and 0.115634 g/100g, respectively. Fitting these models yielded a significant correlation (R<sup>2</sup>) and good accuracy (0.93,0.96, 0.93, 0.94). After being combined with a peleg (MPC) model, a polynomial model (IPM) that had previously calculated peleg constants for various brine concentrations demonstrated the capacity to predict various salt uptakes under those various brine concentrations when combined with peleg model equation, with correlation (R<sup>2</sup>) values of 0.926621, 0.964524, 0.941048, and 0.958703, respectively. The models provide accurate predictions for salt uptake, advancing the cost, time, and quality of the herring industry. https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_284038_8a619945777399252f768abc8b891ade.pdfThe Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613127120230101Bioremediation of Heavy Metals in Wastewaters: A Concise Review14316628441510.21608/ejabf.2023.284415ENAyat Taha Et Al.Journal Article20230207 <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Wastewater is contaminated by heavy metals that come naturally and anthropogenically from the surrounding environments. In the latest years, the use of wastewater in agriculture has increased due to the ability of soil to the inherent remedy fundamental and micronutrient contents. Therefore, the need to eliminate heavy metals from wastewater has increased. Previous remediation methods have several limitations such as high cost and producing large quantities of hazardous wastes that cause secondary sources of pollution. Thus, it is recommended to use green technology with low economic cost and environmentally friendly to remediate heavy metals from wastewater before its use in agriculture. In this regard, the latest advances in microbial biotechnology revealed the effective role of fungi, which are considered an essential group of microorganisms that have several environmental properties including their ability to remediate these metals from wastewater via bioaccumulation and biosorption. The advantages of this method are green technology and environmental acceptance due to its non-interference in the ecosystem and economy.https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_284415_b64bc7c7b3a3f3917692cbabb6879f30.pdfThe Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613127120230101Some biological aspects of Oreochromis niloticus and Oreochromis aureus caught by trammel nets from El-Salam Canal, Egypt16717728441610.21608/ejabf.2023.284416ENEl-Azab E. Badr El-BokhtyMohamed A. FetouhJournal Article20230207This preliminary study is the first concerning length-weight, condition factor, relative condition factor and length-girth relationships of two tilapia fish (<em>Oreochromis niloticus and Oreochromis aureus</em>) caught by trammel nets from El-Salam Canal. The results of the length-weight relationship showed slightly negative asymmetric growth for both species. The average condition factor (K) was 1.70 (±0.12), and 1.72 (±0.14) for <em>O. niloticus</em> and <em>O. aureus</em>, respectively. The relative condition factor (K<sub>n</sub>) averaged 1.00 (±0.05) for <em>O. niloticus</em> and 1.01 (±0.04) for <em>O. aureus</em>. These values suggested a good condition for these two species. The values of exponent (b)of length-girth relationships ranged from 0.722 for <em>O. aureus</em> to 0.823 for <em>O. niloticus</em>. These results may be helpful for the fishery and biological management of the two species.https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_284416_e9876937521ca0ebd5d290e18e6df945.pdfThe Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613127120230101Association Pattern Between Freshwater Snails and Fungi in Relation to Water Quality Parameters in Two Egyptian Governorates17920128465010.21608/ejabf.2023.284650ENMarwa Tamim A. Abdel-WarethSara Sayed M. SayedJournal Article20230208Water quality is one of the most important issues, especially due to the water scarcity that the world is currently facing. Surface water in Egypt is receiving agricultural, industrial, and municipal effluents. The aim of the present study was to investigate the quality of some water canals in Giza and Gharbeya governorates using abiotic and biotic factors. Physicochemical parameters, snail distribution, and frequency of fungal genera were determined from March 2020 to February 2021. The highest water temperatures were recorded during summer and spring in Giza and Gharbeya governorates, respectively, and of electrical conductivity was observed during winter and summer, respectively. <em>Physa acuta</em> snails were the most abundant in all seasons. Also, <em>Aspergillus</em> sp. was the most frequent amongst all identified fungi during all seasons, except winter in Gharbeya Governorate, where <em>Trichoderma</em> sp. was the most frequent. According to the Shannon-Wiener index, autumn showed the highest diversity of snails and fungi in Giza Governorate. For Gharbeya Governorate, snails’ diversity showed the highest equal value in summer and autumn, while that of fungi was in spring. In Giza Governorate, Dissolved oxygen showed a strong positive association with <em>Physa acuta</em> and <em>Aspergillus</em> sp. In Gharbeya Governorate, temperature, electrical conductivity, and total dissolved solids exhibited a strong positive correlation with <em>Aspergillus </em>sp., while they showed negative correlations with <em>Lymnaea natalensis</em> and <em>Bulinus truncatus</em> snails. The relationships between fungal genera and snail species varied according to the governorate. In conclusion, low water quality and global warming might result in a decrease of schistosomiasis and fascioliasis dissemination but also can lead to the incidence of more fungal diseases.https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_284650_0f43afa000e1c48f64e1f6b7fa789742.pdfThe Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613127120230101On the Relationships between Sea Surface Temperature and Atmospheric Conditions over the Southern Levantine Basin20321628471410.21608/ejabf.2023.284714ENTarek M. El-Geziry Et Al.Journal Article20230208This study provides comprehensive results on the relationship between sea surface temperature (SST) and the atmospheric parameters affecting the southern Levantine Basin, over the period 2007-2018. Such investigation is essential to understand the variations in both the ocean and the atmosphere. Over the study period, the SST showed an increasing trend with a rate of +0.3°C/yr. The mean annual SST was weakly correlated with the mean annual surface air temperature with a correlation coefficient of only +0.15, while the seasonal correlation coefficient between the two parameters was as strong as +0.91. There was a significant negative seasonal correlation (-0.71) between SST and air pressure. The inverse relationship between the SST and surface wind speed was revealed, with a correlation coefficient of -0.54. Meanwhile, there was a substantial seasonal correlation of +0.25 between the SST and wind directions. This study produced empirical relationships that can be applied within the southern Levantine Basin; to calculate SST from the surface atmospheric parameters on a seasonal basis. Results revealed that seasonal correlations between the SST and atmospheric conditions in the southern Levantine Basin are more reliable to investigate the SST changeability tied to these conditions than the annual ones.https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_284714_fdcc102e6e18ebdd2911e625830d3c17.pdfThe Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613127120230101A Comparative Study on Hemolytic and Cytotoxic Perspectives of Saponin from Some Egyptian Sea Cucumber Species21723328527410.21608/ejabf.2023.285274ENManar A. KandeilAalaa I. AtlamJournal Article20230213There are intense efforts from pharmaceutical manufacturers to discover novel approaches to finding new drug candidates for cancer treatment. Sea cucumber is widely consumed in traditional medicine. Its anticancer potential is associated with the content of a bioactive compound known as saponin. The goal of this paper was to compare the hemolytic activity and cytotoxicity of six sea cucumber extracts. The hemolytic assay confirmed the presence of saponins. Two methods examined the cytotoxicity of extracts: (i) lethality assay in brine shrimp (<em>Artemia salina</em>) (BSA) and (ii) tetrazolium dye-based colorimetric (MTT) assay in human cancer cell lines, such as colorectal carcinoma (HCT-116), epitheliod carcinoma (Hela), epidermoid carcinoma (HEP2) and human prostate cancer (PC3). Hemolytic activity was observed in <em>H. atra</em>, <em>H. edulis</em>, <em>B. marmorata</em> and <em>A. mauritiana,</em> while <em>H. polii</em> and <em>H. leucospilota</em> showed no hemolytic activity. The data in the BSA bioassay showed high and moderate cytotoxic activity. The more effective extracts were <em>H. atra</em> and <em>B. marmorata</em>. The average IC<sub>50</sub> of <em>H. atra</em> extract against <em>Hela</em>, <em>HeP2, </em>HCT-116and<em>PC3 </em>cells were 9.14±0.8, 10.39±0.9, 11.43±1, 17.90±1.5μg/ ml, respectively. The data confirmed that the Egyptian sea cucumber species may serve as an exciting source for discovering novel anticancer drugs.https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_285274_70b41cb2c0e06f600ea02dc6bb5970cd.pdfThe Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613127120230101Age, Growth, Mortality and Reproductive Dynamics of the Red Mullet Mullus barbatus in the Delta Adjacent Waters, Mediterranean Sea, Egypt21723328543110.21608/ejabf.2023.285431ENSahar F. MehannaEman M. HassanienJournal Article20230214The age and growth, reproductive biology, and mortality of the red mullet <em>Mullus barbatus </em>were addressed in the Delta adjacent area, the Mediterranean Sea, Egypt. Length frequency of 12 months from January to December 2020 was used to study the population dynamics of this species which is exploited by trawling. The examined samples were 522 (46.9%) males, 510 (45.8%) females and 81 (7.3%) unsexed. The growth pattern was determined as isometric for males and positive allometric for females. Fitting the von Bertalanffy growth model gave the following growth parameters: L∞=22.66 cm TL, K= 0.39 year<sup>-1</sup>, t<sub>0</sub> = -1.02 year for males, L∞=23.75 cm TL, K= 0.39 year<sup>-1</sup>, t<sub>0</sub>= -0.97 year for females and L∞=24.22 cm TL, K = 0.34 year<sup>-1</sup>, t<sub>0</sub> = -0.77 year for combined sexes. Based on the estimated total, natural and fishing mortality coefficients, the exploitation rate for males, females and pooled data were around 0.65. The estimated fishing mortality rate (1.35, 1.14 and 1.18 year<sup>-1</sup> for male, female and combined sexes, respectively) and exploitation rate (E = 0.65) obtained in this study indicate a high fishing pressure on the <em>M. barbatus</em> stock in the Egyptian Mediterranean waters. Monthly variation in both mean gonado-somatic index and maturity stages showed that this species breeds once a year from March to July for males and from February to June for females. From the analysis of the probability of capture, the length at first capture was estimated at 11.76 and 11.54cm for males and females, respectively, which was smaller than the length at first sexual maturity (12.29cm for males and 12.91cm for females). Thus, the red mullet species in the Delta adjacent area, the Mediterranean Sea is overexploited.https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_285431_9fd1c8e3bdba705e933d13eec2dc1bd6.pdfThe Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613127120230101Wetland Habitat Suitability and Diversity for Migratory and Resident Birds in the Ramsar Site Lake Burllus, Egypt25327428543210.21608/ejabf.2023.285432ENBasma M. Sheta Et Al.Journal Article20230214Burllus wetland is one of the ideal places for overwintering migratory and resident birds in Egypt. This study aimed to assess the bird diversity and habitat suitability at one of the important bird areas (IBAs) and Ramsar sites at the Burllus Lake in northern Egypt. Waterbird diversity was assessed at 16 random sites in the lake representing four different habitats; reedbed, lakeshore, open water and islet from autumn 2019 to summer 2020. Species richness, abundance, composition, species diversity and evenness were addressed. Bird species diversity varied spatially and temporally among different sites during the study period. The estimated species richness was 60 species. Migratory birds were represented by 47%, while resident birds were 53%. Birds occupied all lake habitats. The highest diversity of birds was recorded in winter. The evidence of breeding was recorded, such as collecting nest material, nesting, hatching of eggs and food-collecting for juveniles. The lake sites were divided into four distinct habitats based on the hierarchical cluster analysis; lakeshores, open water, islets and reedbeds. Five bird species showed significant affinities with different habitat types: moorhen (<em>Gallinula chloropus</em>), and common kingfisher (<em>Alcedo atthis) </em>were significantly associated with reedbed. House sparrows (<em>Passer domesticus niloticus</em>) and white wagtail (<em>Motacilla alba)</em> favored the lakeshore habitat. The northern shoveler (<em>Spatula clypeata</em>) was recorded as an indicator species in open-water habitats. No significant indicator bird species was recorded in the islet habitats. The current results emphasized the significance of Burullus Lake as a wintering and breeding habitat for birds. Thus, more conservation and management strategies should be implemented.https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_285432_0d7d2c577c643af4fe894a09afc32e95.pdfThe Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613127120230101Effect of Carp Pituitary Extract, HCG and Mix of Them on Fecundity, Larvaes Production, Blood Sex Hormones and Biochemical Parameters of the African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus27529128600210.21608/ejabf.2023.286002ENEl-Sayed I. Attia Et Al.Journal Article20230217The present work investigated the effects of carp pituitary extract (CPE), human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and CPE + hCG on blood sex hormones, fecundity, GSI, larval production and blood biochemical parameters. Females and males of African catfish were intramuscularly injected with one gland of CPE, 1500 IU hCG/kg and half CPE + 750 IU hCG/kg to be compared to a not injected group ( a control group). A pair of broodstock was placed in a separate tank, equipped with palm leaves for 15 days after injecting until all experimental fish finished spawning. The results showed significant differences in all measured blood hormones (FSH, LH, progesterone, estrogen and testosterone) among treatments. In addition, significant differences were detected in ovaries weight, gonado somatic index (GSI) of females and males, egg diameter, absolute and relative fecundity and the number of larvae/ female. The injected brood stock with different hormones did not significantly differ in GSI, egg diameter, absolute and relative fecundity, but they were significantly higher in these indices than the control group. The treated group with hCG had the highest number of larvae/females. Meanwhile, the control group did not show any hatched larvae. The chemical composition of ovaries (moisture, protein and ash) showed significant differences (<em>P</em>≤0.05) among treatments except for fat content. While, the male chemical composition of the testis, insignificantly differed. Moreover, there were significant changes in biochemical parameters among all treatments. Finally, it was recommended that using CPE, hCG and the mixture of CPE+hCG has successfully induced the propagation of African catfish. Upon using hCG specifically, the highest number of larvae was obtained in the fish group injected with 1500 IU hCG/kg.https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_286002_051d2a731d826cce3902ff920093bc85.pdfThe Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613127120230101Morphological adaptations of digestive tract according to food and feeding habits of the lizardfish, Synodus variegatus, inhabiting Red Sea waters, Hurghada, Egypt29330428610710.21608/ejabf.2023.286107ENHassan M. M. Khalaf-Allah Et Al.Journal Article20230218This study is concerned with the morphological adaptations of the digestive tract with respect to food and feeding habits of lizardfish <em>Synodus variegatus</em>. 75 fish specimens were seasonally collected from Hurghada, the Red Sea, Egypt. Results showed that the greatest value of feeding activity of <em>S. variegatus</em> was recorded in summer (82.26%) and the lowest value (24.14%) occurred in winter. While in autumn and spring, the feeding activity was moderate, with 44.50% and 47.26%, respectively. This species was proved to be a piscivorous and crepuscular feed, consuming a large variety of small fishes.<em> Atherinomorus lacunosus</em>, <em>Herklotsichthys quadrimaculatus</em>,<em> Cephalopholis hemistiktos</em>, <em>Lethrinus mahsena</em>, <em>Parupeneus forsskali</em> and<em> Siganus rivulatus </em>formed the major food items consumed. <em>S. variegatus</em> has a reptile-like head to facilitate capturing the prey. Jaw's teeth are canine and slightly curved towards the inner part of the mouth. Buccal teeth are canine shaped and arranged in a line on vomerine and palatine in addition to five rows on ectopterygoid of both sides in the roof of the buccal cavity. They specialized in capturing and holding the prey and preventing its escape from the mouth cavity. The pharyngeal teeth are placed in rows and bent in shape. They are specialized in food cutting and masticating. Gill arch is V-shaped; it may be attributed to help in swallowing large prey. The front row gill rakers of the first-gill arch is short, straight, and ended by thin pointed spines adapted for food gathering and binding prey to the entry esophagus. Esophagus in <em>S. variegatus</em> is a short muscular narrow and distensible tube suitable for conducting food. Its stomach has a great distensibility giving a bag shape to allow catching relatively enormous prey. The intestine is a short, simple tube. In conclusion, the morphological features of the mouth, teeth, gill rakers, esophagus, stomach and intestine of lizardfish <em>S. variegatus</em> were subjected to various and significant modifications according to food and feeding habits to enrich the available data on the species.https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_286107_207bbf86880746d0ff531e5794ad51c0.pdfThe Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613127120230101Effect of fish overwintering in earthen ponds and RAS treatment on growth performance of the Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus30531828615610.21608/ejabf.2023.286156ENHany Maher Et Al.Journal Article20230218The present work aimed to enhance the tolerance of juvenile Nile tilapia, <em>Oreochromis niloticus</em> against cold stress and increase their survival rate by using the recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) during the winter season. The overwintering experiment was carried out in 3 earthen ponds, each of 1 feddan (as replicates of the control group); and 3 circular fiberglass tanks at an intensive fish farm, located in Nubaria City, Beheira Governorate, Egypt. The indoor 1000-liter circular fiberglass tanks (as replicates of recirculating aquaculture system, RAS treatment group). The experiment extended from December 2018 to April 2019. Results showed that the Nile tilapia fingerling reared in the recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) exhibited values of growth performance parameters (L<sub>f</sub>, LG, DLG and G in L, W<sub>f</sub>, WG, DWG, G in W and SGR) higher than that of fish fingerlings reared in control earthen ponds. The growth performance parameters were significantly varied between all tanks of the RAS treatment and that of control ponds. Also, the feed utilization parameters were best for fishes reared in RAS treatment tanks than that reared in earthen ponds. The survival rate recorded in RAS aquaculture was very high (90.0± 5.0 %) and it was very low (17.1± 1.474 %) in control earthen ponds. The economic analysis showed positive net income values (1080, 840 & 600 LE) for RAS Tanks 2, 1 & 3, respectively. But, negative net income values were recorded (-34200, -30650 & -30010LE)for earthen ponds 3,2 & 1, respectively.https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_286156_0b35408f2182eb472bc7dc0be56e328f.pdfThe Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613127120230101Natural Parasitic and Bacterial Coinfection in Some Fish Species in Egypt31933428667810.21608/ejabf.2023.286678ENNada M. El-kabany Et Al.Journal Article20230221The present study surveyed the natural concurrent parasitic-bacterial infection among some fish species from different aquatic environments in Egypt. A total of 379 moribund freshly dead fish with different body weights were collected in 2019; 259 (<em>Oreochromis niloticus</em> and <em>Tilapia zilli</em>) freshwater fish were seasonally taken from the Nile River in Giza, while 120 (<em>T. zilli</em> and <em>Solea aegyptiaca</em>) marine water fish were collected in summer from Manzala and Qaroun Lakes at Fayoum province. Fish were examined for parasites. Bacteria were isolated from infested fish and identified at the genus level. Examination of freshwater fish exposed the presence of <em>Clinostomum </em>and/or <em>Euclinostomum </em>spp., while only <em>Pseudomonas</em> was isolated. Between seasons, summer''s both total infestation and total concurrent infection prevalences of 43.59% and 73%, respectively, were significantly the highest. Within parasite, the prevalence of <em>Clinostomum</em> infestation alone with 77.27%, 70.31% and 76.09% for winter, spring and autumn, respectively, was higher than summer with only 47.06%. Conversely, the prevalence of concurrent infection in summer for <em>Clinostomum</em> alone (63%) was significantly higher than in winter (18%). For both of parasites together, infestation prevalence in summer with 26.47% was significantly the highest. Examination of marine water fish revealed the presence of at least one isopod, and<em> Vibrio</em>, <em>Pseudomonas </em>and<em> Aeromonas </em>were isolated. The prevalence of concurrent <em>Vibrio</em> infection (64.0%) was significantly higher than 26.0% and 52.0% for<em> Pseudomonas </em>and<em> Aeromonas</em>, respectively. Total infestation prevalence in freshwater (90.35%) was significantly higher than in marine water (41.7%). Alternatively, the total prevalence of concurrent infection in marine water (96.0%) was significantly higher than in fresh water (56.41%). In conclusion, the light was spotted on the effect of increasing temperature and the high burden of natural parasitic and bacterial concurrent infection. Further investigation is required to refine the relationship between parasites and bacteria for more epidemiological knowledge that aids in disease prevention and control.https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_286678_8ddf396287663dbb8ad828aeaf7d7fae.pdfThe Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613127120230101Impact of Some Heavy Metals on Muscles, Hematological and Biochemical Parameters of the Nile Tilapia in Ismailia Canal, Egypt33534828718310.21608/ejabf.2023.287183ENMohamed Y. M. Aly Et Al.Journal Article20230224Ismailia Canal is one of the most important irrigation and drinking water resources. It is one of the most important branches of the Nile River in Egypt. It is the main source of drinking and irrigation water for many cities. In a four-month study period (April- July 2022), <em>O. niloticus</em> fish samples were collected every two weeks from 4 sites. Abu-Z’abaal, Belbies, abbassa region and El-Tal Al-Kapeir City were selected to study. The samples were chemically analyzed for the detection of heavy metals (Fe, Zn, Cu, cd, and Pb). El-Tal Al-Kapeir City site was more polluted than the other sites. The average concentration of Fe in the water of abbassa region exceeded the permissible limit, while Pb surpassed the permissible range in all regions for the water samples prescribed by EOS (1993) and esc (1983[A1] ). The concentration of heavy metals evaluated in the muscles of the fish under study was generally lower than the levels issued by in WHO (1999), EOS (1993). The mean values of RBC, Hb, Hct and MCV in the blood of the Nile tilapia decreased from Abu Z'abaal City to El-Tal Al-Kapeir city. On the contrary, MCH and MCHC increased from Abu Z'abaal City to El-Tal Al-Kapeir City. The mean concentrations of all the biochemistry parameters increased in the blood serum of fish collected from El-Tal Al-Kapeir City compared to those sampled from Abu Z'abaal City.
[A1]No citations in the abstract.https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_287183_06d8e64be9812891fd215f4902bd97b0.pdfThe Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613127120230101Domestication and Inter-Species Interaction of Bangladeshi Native and Exotic Ornamental Fishes in the Captive Condition34936728741410.21608/ejabf.2023.287414ENRazuana Afrin Et Al.Journal Article20230225The domestication, breeding and behavioral study of Bangladeshi native ornamental fishes found in nature are still undocumented. Therefore, a total of 1550 fishes (<em>Botia dario, Trichogaster fasciata </em>and <em>Mystus tenagra</em>) were collected from the Kushiara River (Sylhet) and the Katial beel (Kishoreganj) to domesticate in captive condition. After acclimatization, around 400 (60%) of the three fishes survived and were used in the experiment. Then, fishes were reared in the modified plastic drums (500L) with inlet and outlet facilities including aeration. Then, behavioral interactions within and between three native and two exotic ornamental fishes <em>Carassius auratus</em> (Goldfish) and <em>Hypostomus plecostomus</em> (Suckermouth) were studied in the aquarium condition. Six different combinations of native and exotic ornamental fishes were kept in the rectangular aquariums (60 × 45 × 45cm) for 21 days, maintaining 85 liters of water and behavioral interactions were observed. The best stocking density of single, two and three species combinations of native fishes were found in 20, 15 (8+7) and 15 (5+5+5), respectively, in the aquarium. Besides, the best stocking density of three native species including single, two exotic species were 14 (4+4+4+2) and 14 (4+4+4+1+1), respectively, in the aquarium. The exotic species were more active and competitive than the native ornamental fishes. However, three native species can be reared combined with any two and/or combined three species without any abnormalities. Besides, early and regular doses of injection were administered for native ornamental fishes in March to achieve breeding responses but there was no response, rather immature eggs were observed in <em>T. fasciata</em> after dissection. Finally, it can be concluded that three native fishes were partially domesticated in the 500L plastic drum and can be reared in the aquarium as ornamental fish including exotic ornamental fishes. https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_287414_4df542e386a4ab02e894d8c6286e0105.pdfThe Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613127120230101Chitosan-Loaded Copper and Silver Nanocomposites as Antifungal Agents for Treatment of Pathogenic Fungi in Aquatic Environment36938428757310.21608/ejabf.2023.287573ENAhmed M. Azzam Et Al.Journal Article20230226The present work was designed for the formation of more active antifungal agents via loading copper (Cu) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) on a chitosan (CS) natural polymer. Sixty water and sediment samples were collected from Qalubiya, Egypt. One hundred and five fungal isolates were selected according to cultural characteristics, 53 isolates from sediment and 52 from water. Most isolates were identified as <em>Aspergillus</em> sp., <em>Penicillium</em> sp., <em>Candida</em> sp. and <em>Fusarium</em> sp. Nanocomposites (NC) of Cu@CS, Ag@CS, and Cu@Ag@CS were characterized by TEM, SEM, XRD and FTIR analysis for detecting their morphology and size, active surface groups and confirming its conjugation. The average sizes of these nanocomposites were 25, 19 and 33nm, with predominantly spherical shapes in aggregates, respectively. The antifungal study showed that the Cu@Ag@CS nanocomposite (NC) is a more effective and stable antifungal agent. For minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC) Cu@Ag@CS represented the lowest concentrations of 0.125, 0.25, 0.25 and 0.5 mg.ml<sup>−1</sup> for <em>Candida </em>sp., <em>Aspergillus</em> sp., <em>Fusarium</em> sp., and <em>Penicillium</em> sp., respectively. In addition, the viable fungal counts (VFCs) of <em>Candida</em> sp. in water treated with Cu@Ag@CS NC was reached to complete inhibition in water after 18 hours, while the cell membrane and cellular contents of treated <em>Candida</em> sp. were destroyed causing cell death. Thus, the loading of Cu and Ag nanoparticles on chitosan proved to form a more active antifungal agent suitable for treating pathogenic fungi in the aquatic environment.https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_287573_5ace44e7fd7009902a3af4b9868cd956.pdfThe Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613127120230101Effect of Ethanol and Methanol Extract of Caulerpa lentilifera on Hematological Parameters and Phagocytosis of Cyprinus carpio38539528758410.21608/ejabf.2023.287584ENAsus Maizar Suryanto Hertika Et Al.Journal Article20230227The effect of the immersion or soaking of different extracts of <em>Caulerpa lentillifera</em> in profile hematology and phagocytosis as immune responses is still unknown. In this research, the effect of three extractions of <em>Caulerpa lentillifera</em> (extracts of ethanol, methanol and water) was determined on the profile hematology and phagocytosis activity. Briefly, 8- 10cm carp (<em>Cyprinus carpio</em>) were exposed to each extract with different concentrations (0; 0.24, 0.32, 0.42, 0.65 and 0.87ppm) by immersion or soaking for 96 hours. The result showed that the ethanol extract of <em>Caulerpa lentillifera</em> increased immune response. The ethanol extract showed significant increases in erythrocyte, leukocyte and phagocytosis activity at a concentration of 0,42 ppm around 1.43.10<sup>6</sup> cells/ mm<sup>3</sup>, 30.10<sup>3</sup> cells/ mm<sup>3</sup> and 35%, respectively. <sup> </sup>However, methanol and water extracts showed increasing immune responses with no significance compared to ethanol extract. Furthermore, ethanol extract showed different responses in fish morphology. It was induced by enhancing the appearance of the fish’s color, as well as swimming more actively than a sample treated with methanol and water extracts.https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_287584_5106cd8e4e7408ffa5ac67878bb2851c.pdfThe Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613127120230101Bycatch Composition and Ecological Status of Trap and Gillnet Blue Swimming Crab Fisheries in Bone Gulf, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia39741128758610.21608/ejabf.2023.287586ENAbdul Hamid Et Al.Journal Article20230227In Indonesia, bycatch is currently among the problems of crab fisheries apart from overfishing due to limited data. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the species composition, proportion and ecological status of the bycatch fishery of trap and crabs gillnet in the southeastern Bone Gulf. The sampling was monthly carried out, and the samples obtained were grouped into four; namely, fish, crustaceans, molluscs, and echinoderms. The composition of the bycatch of trap and gillnet crab fisheries was dominated by crustacean groups. Based on the Mann-Whitney test, the proportion of crab trap and gillnet bycatch was significantly different (<em>P</em><0.05). Furthermore, the species composition of the crab trap fisheries bycatch consisted of 29 and 31 species of old and new traps, respectively, as well as 52 species of gillnet fishery bycatch. The ecological status of the bycatch diversity of the trap fishery is low, while the crab gillnet fishery is moderate. This showed that crab gillnets have lower ecological stress than crab traps.https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_287586_726652e186049882b92afa9d16adef50.pdfThe Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613127120230101Environmental Toxicity of Nano Iron Oxides (Fe2O3 NPs) on Algal Growth Klisinema persicum and Cellular DNA Damage Using Comet Assay43145328773110.21608/ejabf.2023.287731ENZahra K.M. Al-KhazaliHaider A. AlghanmiJournal Article20230227Nanometer oxides are widely used in medical, food and cosmetics. The widespread usage of nanoparticles may have hazardous consequences on numerous organisms. Thus, it is necessary to assess their fate in the environment. The environmental toxicity of nano iron oxides ( Fe 2 O 3 NPs) in several concentrations (50, 100, 200, 400, 800, 1000, 1200, 1400, 1600) mg/L on algal growth <em>Klisinema persicum </em>was evaluated by assessing some photosynthetic pigments, pH, oxygen content and cellular DNA damage (genotoxicity), using Comet assay through some indicators. This includes eight parameters (olive tail moment, %DNA in tail, tail moment, tail length, head diameter, comet area, comet height, as well as comet length) that were assessed for each comet on each slide in which the average values were recorded. Upon rising the concentrations of Fe2O3 NPs, the treatment outcomes with Fe2O3 NPs revealed a definite influence on a photosynthetic pigment (carotenoids and chlorophyll). In addition, with increasing concentration of iron oxide NPs, the acidity increased, while the oxygen content of the culture medium decreased. Genotoxicity was also increased in all parameters of comet assay with increased concentrations of iron oxide NPS and a higher increase of genotoxicity with a significant effect (<em>P</em><0.05) documented at 1600 mg/L of iron oxide NPs, compared to the molecular characteristics in the control group. This was evidence that the high values of Fe2O3 NPs have a destructive effect resulting in DNA degradation and inhibiting the growth of algae.https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_287731_d5d07835d443295c1cef7c8e92c90c37.pdfThe Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613127120230101Using Nutraceutical to Alleviate Transportation Stress in the Nile tilapia41342928774110.21608/ejabf.2023.287741ENElsayed A. Eldessouki Et Al.Journal Article20230227To alleviate the stress of fish transportation, nutraceuticals containing one-fold and two-fold of the recommended levels of vitamin A (retinol), vitamin C (ascorbic acid), vitamin E (α-tocopherol) and zinc were added to fish during the acclimatization period (fourteen days). After one day of stocking, fish were fed boosted diets. After the acclimation period, blood parameters and immunity were assessed in addition to experimental bacterial infection. Fish were fed on basal diets for another eight weeks, and growth performance was evaluated. Erratic swimming behavior stopped feeding and aggressiveness. Fish who received boosted diets restored normal behavior during the acclimatization period with a raise of mucus peroxidase activity (0.26 and 0.28 mU/Ml) and mucus lysozyme 3.14 and 3.12 (U/mL). Gene expressions of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and catalase) and immune cytokines (immunoglobin M-2, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1 beta, and interleukin-10) were significantly enhanced with fish receiving boosted diets, compared to those receiving basal diet. Growth performance was assessed in the experimental fish for eight weeks after acclimatization. The initial weights were significantly higher in boosted fish, and they also achieved higher weight gain, with a significant lower food conversion ratio (1.43 and 1.46). Based on the obtained results, boosting feed during stress condition help fish to restore normal behavior, antioxidant-immune status and enhanced growth performance.https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_287741_fa6d3c52690d1db9d2a5e732c246c00a.pdfThe Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613127120230101Water Quality of the Guayaquil Estero Salado from Measurements of Dissolved Oxygen, Chlorophyll a and pH45546928777410.21608/ejabf.2023.287774ENAna Grijalva-Endara Et Al.Journal Article20230228The main objective of the research was to determine the water quality of the Estero Salado de Guayaquil by assessing the measurements of pH, dissolved oxygen, and chlorophyll in 7 stations from March to December 2020. The samples were analyzed in the laboratory according to the methodology used for each parameter. The ANOVA test of a factor with a significance level of 0.05 was used and the results showed that there are no significant differences in pH and chlorophyll a; however, 12 significant differences were found in the dissolved oxygen. The pH means to comply with the provisions of the Ecuadorian environmental regulations, and the average dissolved oxygen value is below the required. For Chlorophyll A, it helped to determine that the estuary presents an oligotrophic state. Results showed that the waters of the Salt Estuary of the study area are not suitable for the development of aquatic organisms.https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_287774_363ab6e287497ea780736675b92e36ce.pdfThe Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613127120230101Additional Record of the Indo-Pacific Burrowing Goby Trypauchen vagina (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) in the South of the Mediterranean Sea off Port Said Coast, Egypt47148028821510.21608/ejabf.2023.288215ENMohamed E.A. Kassem Et Al.Journal Article20230302The Mediterranean Sea is considered a novel habitat that comprises extensive diversity of non-indigenous marine species. Here, we present an additional –but comprehensive– description of the newly recorded burrowing goby <em>Trypauchen vagina</em> on the southern coast of the Mediterranean Sea. In total, 53 individuals had been recorded as a bycatch collected using the beach seine netting method in 2021 on the Port Said coast. Morphometric and meristic characters were studied in 12 samples, and species identity was further confirmed by COI barcoding technique that revealed high similarity with <em>T. vagina</em> inhabiting the Indo-pacific region. Given that the current record represents the largest recorded bycatch size of <em>T. vagina</em> in the Mediterranean Sea, therefore, our study broadens the knowledge on the occurrence and abundance of that species off the southern coast. In this context, we highlighted the potential challenges encountered by the Mediterranean Sea environment facing the growing diversity of non-indigenous marine organisms.https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_288215_d2805ab2f0b081266cdac45de2cf9601.pdfThe Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613127120230101Seasonal and Spatial Variations in Feeding on the Plankton Patterns for the Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, (Linnaeus, 1758) off the Nile Course in Aswan, Egypt48149328824610.21608/ejabf.2023.288246ENFatma Nor El-Din Et Al.Journal Article20230302The importance of plankton as the main food for the Nile tilapia, <em>Oreochromis niloticus </em>(Linnaeus, 1758<strong>) </strong>has been widely addressed. However, the composition of the Nile tilapia diet may vary in a wide range of seasonal and spatial conditions, fish size and maturity. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the plankton patterns fed by the Nile tilapia in the southern parts of the Nile in Egypt (Lake Nasser, Aswan Reservoir and the Nile River). These areas differ in their morphological and hydrological characteristics due to the presence of the High Dam and the Aswan Low Dam. In addition, the study focused on the effect of the flood seasons on the feeding behavior of the Nile tilapia since the flood directly affects the ecosystem of the study areas and subsequently the composition of its natural food. In addition, the feeding behavior according to different sex and size was studied. A total of 454 samples of <em>O. niloticus</em> were collected from commercial fishing by fishermen using the common trammel gill nets. The frequency of occurrence method was utilized to assess the diet composition of <em>O</em>.<em> niloticus</em>. No significant differences were detected in stomach contents during the different flood seasons and regions for Bacillariophyceae and Cyanophyta. Nevertheless, there were significant differences in stomach contents in the different flood seasons and regions for the other planktonic food items. The results indicated that the feeding behavior of <em>O. niloticus</em> was not related to sex. Stomach analysis of <em>O. niloticus </em>in different length groups at each region revealed that some of the phytoplankton items (Bacillariophyceae and Cyanobacteria) had the same frequency, while the feeding behavior did not show a distinctive pattern for other phytoplankton items. Furthermore, there were significant differences in stomach contents for zooplankton items, with the variation of length groups. The study concluded that the composition of the Nile tilapia diet (except Bacillariophyceae and Cyanophyceae) varied according to region and season based on the previously reported food availability.https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_288246_a14de0db4464b21e7c9ddde908cb352d.pdfThe Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613127120230101Effects of Different Feed Types on Growth and Production of the Early Life Stages of Farmed Fish49550828833910.21608/ejabf.2023.288339ENSivakumar Kandhasamy Et Al.Journal Article20230303Newly hatched larvae of <em>Carassius auratus</em> and <em>Cyprinus carpio</em> var. <em>koi</em> were stocked separately in 50-liters culture tanks with 250 individuals/ tank in triplicate. Specimens were divided into four groups and fed with pelletized feed, <em>Thermocyclops decipiens, Moina micrura,</em> and mixed diet (50% <em>T. decipiens</em> and 50% <em>M. micrura</em>) for 40 days. The final results of <em>C. auratus</em> (length 21.40 ± 0.15mm and weight 54.79 ± 1.37mg) and <em>C. carpio</em> var. <em>koi</em> (length 25.73 ± 0.66mm and weight 65.07 ± 1.40mg) growth parameters, specific growth rate, biomass and percentage weight gain were significantly higher in <em>T. decipiens</em> feeding regime. However, the survival rates of both fish larvae were high in mixed diet regime. The biochemical profiles of both larvae were significantly different (<em>P</em><0.05) between the feeding regimes. Based on the results, live-feed organisms are more effective foods than pelletized feed for the early stages of both larvae. https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_288339_c6955eea90f1e051ea26c3fe0ca4cf8d.pdfThe Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613127120230101Free-living nematodes in some mangrove sites on the southern Egyptian Red Sea coast with emphasis on their horizontal distribution.50953028840510.21608/ejabf.2023.288405ENDeyaaeddien A. MohammadJournal Article20230303The generic composition, abundance, and distribution of free-living nematodes along three mangrove sites in the southern Egyptian Red Sea coast were studied. Sediment samples were collected in April 2022 at three different tidal levels in each site. Densities of free-living nematodes varied among sites and tidal levels. The mangrove of El-Readaa site had the most abundant and diversified nematofauna and the mid-tidal level attained the highest densities and number of recorded genera. Nematofauna was represented by 25 genera belonging to 13 families, of them; Xyalidae, Desmodoridae and Linhomoeidae were the most abundant. <em>Terschellingia</em> and <em>Daptonema</em> were the common genera in fine sediment areas and their abundance increased from high water level towards the mangrove trees at the low tidal level. Genus <em>Spirinia</em> was common in the coarser sediments and showed an opposite distribution pattern. A strong correlation occurred between nematodes' abundance, feeding types and sediment characteristics. The abundance of the different nematodes was studied in relation to their feeding habits.https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_288405_3363f19a506829f7c518b57f78e309f8.pdfThe Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613127120230101Comparison Between Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS) Ponds and Earthern Aquaculture Ponds in Overwintering Juveniles of the Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus53154528851210.21608/ejabf.2023.288512ENHany Maher Et Al.Journal Article20230304The present study was carried out to compare the normal aquaculture in earthen ponds and the recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) in the overwintering of juvenile Nile tilapia, <em>Oreochromis niloticus</em> during the winter season. The overwintering experiment was carried out in 3 earthen ponds, each of 1 feddan (as replicates of a control group), and 5 concrete tanks (3*8*1 m<sup>3 </sup>concrete tanks, as replicates of recirculating aquaculture system, RAS treatment group) at an intensive fish farm in EL-Hammoul province, Kafr EL-Sheikh Governorate, Egypt. The experiment extended from December 2019 to April 2020. Results showed that the highest values of final length, length gain, average daily length gain, final weight, weight gain, average daily weight gain and specific growth rate were recorded for fish fingerlings reared in the control earthen ponds. These growth performance parameters were significantly varied between all concrete ponds of the recycle aquaculture system (RAS) treatment and that of the control ponds. On the other hand, the best results of food conversion ratio, feed efficiency ratio, and protein efficiency ratio were estimated to fish reared in RAS treatment ponds. The mortality rate was very high for the control fingerlings where it reached 80.33%, while it recorded only 9.1% for RAS treatment fishes. The economic analysis showed a positive net income value for RAS treatment ponds and a negative net income value for earthen ponds. The present study recommended overwintering the fingerlings of the Nile tilapia, <em>O. niloticus</em> in RAS ponds with controlled water temperature to enhance the fish culture in Egypt and prevent the terrible mortality of fish.https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_288512_27a070074ac9f140fb9c638a3b8467f2.pdfThe Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613127120230101New World Record of Keratella quadrata Rotifers Isolated from Shatt Al-Basrah, South of Iraq54755728851810.21608/ejabf.2023.288518ENHala F. HassanHisham F. MohammadJournal Article20230304This study focused on identifying <em>Keratella quadrata</em> (<em>K. quadrata</em>) collected from Shatt Al-Basrah, South of Iraq. After sampling and isolation, the extracted DNA from isolates of <em>K. quadrata </em>was subjected to PCR technique to amplify the 18S rRNA gene which amplified 1759 bp fragment. Those sequences with a similarity rate of ≥99% of <em>K. quadrata</em> were considered as the common species. The phylogenetic tree unraveled the distribution and phylogenetic relationships among the studied <em>Keratella</em> species and their identical reference strains according to CLUSTAL W program. The extracted DNA from <em>Keratella</em> isolates identified one <em>K. quadrata</em> species, which was different from those in previous studies in Basrah province and Iraq and the global isolates of <em>K. quadrata </em>sequence registered in the NCBI of USA, ENA of Europe and DDBJ of Japan. with KX358062.1 accession number. It was concluded that more large sampling studies are required to identify and classify the taxonomy of Rotifera species. https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_288518_16419b432ee987360505e24bcb595bdc.pdfThe Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613127120230101Climate Scenarios and their Influence on the European Sardine (Sardina pilchardus, Walbaum 1792) Fishery Along the Moroccan Coast of the South Alboran Sea55957728884410.21608/ejabf.2023.288844ENSoufiane Hasni Et Al.Journal Article20230306Climate change has a significant impact on regional and species levels, leading to a significant drop in biomass in the Southern Alboran Sea (SAS). Hence, research should be focused on determining the regional impact of environmental fluctuations on major marine species. The European sardine (<em>Sardina Pilchardus</em>) plays an important role in marine ecology and contributes significantly to the region's economy. The present study revealed the monthly fluctuations of sardine fishery on the Moroccan coast of the Southern Alboran Sea during the period 2009-2021, its relationship with four oceanographic variables (SST, SLA, Phy, and Zoo), and future predictions using two representative concentration pathways (RCPs) scenarios (2.6 and 8.5) for the period 2022-2100. Generalized additive models (GAMs) were built to investigate the links between environmental factors and the species' landing per unit effort (LPUE) and relative effort, and hence analyze the possible consequences of climate change. The GAM model could account for 71.4% and 61.2% of the variance in the LPUE and effort, respectively. Under the RCP 2.6 and RCP 8.5 scenarios, the expected LPUE and effort of the European sardine showed different patterns. In addition, the predicted future potential landing for the period 2022-2100 shows a reduction. According to the study, fishing pressure must be kept at a low and healthy level to maintain a long-term sustainable fishery and mitigate the impact of climate change on the European sardines.https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_288844_e9303f12bdd316249967f3b3911ad946.pdfThe Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613127120230101How the Skin of Octopus vulgaris Makes the Animal Suitable for its Environment?57958828921810.21608/ejabf.2023.289218ENAli Ali Abed ElrheemJournal Article20230308The skin of Cephalopods has special patterns or characteristics that make animals suitable and better for survival in their environment and transforms behavior from a simple manner to complex. All authors addressed <em>Octopus </em>respiration through the skin, without detecting evidence for this emphasis. In this study, the author found this evidence, indicating the presence of the organ responsible for this process. The author introduced evidence via an accurate examination of the whole skin, especially the upper eye area. The epidermis of an <em>Octopus</em> contains minute tubes (first record) in the mantle regions and pores; they may be used in extruding mucus outside the skin and breathing in unsuitable environmental conditions or during the attack of the crustaceans outside the water upon detection. The animal would survive outside the marine environment by breathing the air from the external environment; this is common in many marine species such as Hagfish. The skin of <em>Octopus vulgaris </em>has a special formation in the epidermis which is covered by mucus and numerous types of mucus cell secretions, followed by an extensive dermis, with connective tissue from the areolar type for trapping the air under unsuitable circumstances. The multicolored and multilayer (first record) chromophores are the major components for concealment and camouflage behavior to change skin color. In addition, the photoreceptor cell in the upper epidermis is not similar to the deep goblet cell (first record), the mucus layer for protecting the animals from dryness during the animal attacks against their prey outside the water column. The epidermis followed by the wide dermis contains the cuticle in the upper dermis, it is positive for PAS stain. In the dermis, there are iridophores, a network of collagen fibers, blood sinus and hyaline cartilage in the <em>Octopus</em> dermis, respectively.https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_289218_5d513c2cfbffd2eca881965df8f67cd4.pdfThe Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613127120230101Reduction of Dietary Fishmeal Inclusion in Practical Diets of the Seabass, Dicentrarchus labrax, Juveniles by Plant Protein Feedstuff58960428974810.21608/ejabf.2023.289748ENShymaa M. Shalaby Et Al.Journal Article20230311<span>Plant protein feedstuffs (PPF) may play an essential role in decreasing feed costs in aquaculture by reducing the use of fishmeal to minimal inclusion levels. Further supplementation may be needed to fulfill the fish's nutritional requirements. A feeding experiment was conducted to reduce fishmeal in practical diets of <span>seabass juveniles reared in fresh water</span>. The first diet was formulated to contain fishmeal as the only animal protein source. Four mixtures of rice gluten (R) soy protein concentrates (S) and corn gluten (C) in different formulations expressed as 10-0-21, 17-0-21, 0-10-21, and 0-17-21 RSC and named diets 2, 3, 4 and 5, respectively, were used to reduce fishmeal in the experimental diets from 20% to 14% (diets 2 and 4) or 7% (diets 3 and 5) of whole ingredients percentage. A reduction of fishmeal inclusion level in sea bass diets from 20% down to 14% had a positive effect by using PPF mixture of 10-0-21 RSC. However, reducing dietary fishmeal to 7% gave a negative response in growth parameters, specific growth rate, protein efficiency and energy retention of juvenile seabass. Final body weight, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, protein and energy utilization efficiency were not significant (<em>P</em>>0.05) among fish fed the basal diet that had 20% and those fed 14% fishmeal diet, with a PPF mixture of 10-7-21 RSC. Feed intake of sea bass juveniles was significantly (<em>P</em><0.05) low upon reducing fishmeal in the experimental diets. The Feed conversion ratio of fish-fed diets containing a high percentage of rice gluten was higher, compared to the control diet. Histological examination of individual villus showed several symptoms of sub-acute intestinal enteritis of fish fed rice gluten, several of which appeared fewer in fish fed soy protein concentrates. The present study concluded that dietary soy protein concentrate seems to be more suitable to reduce fishmeal in seabass diets than rice gluten at level 33% replacement. In addition, incidence cost and profit index were improved as fishmeal was replaced by PPF in the diets of sea bass. </span>https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_289748_cddcbc24e7a556a6a5039e64a54af9b2.pdfThe Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613127120230101Effect of Different Dietary Protein Levels on the Rabbitfish (Siganus rivulatus) Performance and Health Status Under Biofloc System Condition During the Nursery Phase60561829034510.21608/ejabf.2023.290345ENShimaa HenishJournal Article20230313The current study was performed to determine the impact of dietary protein level on the <em>S. rivulatus</em> performance under biofloc system conditions during the nursery phase. Three commercial diets with three dietary protein levels were evaluated; 25, 30 and 40 crude proteins (coded as 25CP%; 30CP% and 40 CP% diets, respectively). 135 fries with an initial weight of 0.76 ± 0.03g/fry were randomly stocked into nine experimental tanks at 15 fries/ tank. The experiment was extended for 60 days. Results showed that fish fed 40CP and 30CP diets recorded the highest significant weight gain and specific growth rate without significant difference between them. However, fish fed 25CP diet recorded the lowest performance. Histological examinations revealed mild changes in the intestines of fish fed 40CP diet, compared to fish fed 30CP and 25CP diets. While the gills and liver were not affected by the change in diet crude protein concentration. It could be concluded that 30% crude protein diets may be recommended to cultivate <em>S. rivulatus</em> under biofloc system conditions during the nursery phase.https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_290345_d2eba429db55ad8416098348f29f98a5.pdf