ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluation and chemical treatment of organic pollution discharged into the River Nile: Case Study
The present study deals with the evaluation of the organic pollution by determination of COD in the effluents discharged from Egyptian Sugar and Integrated Industries Company (ESIIC) into the River Nile without any treatment. Then, how wecan treat the organic pollution? through the decrease in COD value by use (AC) Activated Carbon, H2O2, UV and UV/H2O2 effects. The obtained results revealed that the concentration value of COD 36294 mg/l in waste water of ESIIC. The efficiency of (AC), H2O2, UV exposure and UV/H2O2 are weak in the removal of organic pollution, however the COD values 34843, 33375, 33999 and 16000 mg/l after treatment. The recommended procedure for the removal of organic pollution using (AC) in the first step then UV/H2O2 in the second step however the COD valuereached to 980 mg/l after treatment.
https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_2272_6501f0ac6f11451c00eddfd19a6c8acd.pdf
2015-12-01
1
9
10.21608/ejabf.2015.2272
chemical treatment
organic pollution
River Nile
Mohamed
Abdo
1
National Institute of Oceanograpy and Fisheries – NIOF
AUTHOR
Mohamed
El-Sharkawy
2
Chemistry Administration
AUTHOR
Mokhles
El-Kordy
3
Chemistry Administration
AUTHOR
Mostafa
Mostafa
4
Faculty of Science, Benha University, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Impact of water column reduction rate at harvesting of Nile tilapia (oreochromis niloticus) on skin injuries, hematological and biochemical parameters and bacterial load of fish and water: a field study
The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of reduced water column in different periods on health and welfare of the Nile tilapia during harvesting. As a common practice for gathering and harvesting of tilapia in Egypt, the water column was reduced gradually until reach the lowest level (30 cm). The water column was reduced from 150 to 30 cm in different periods as follow; Group1 (G1, control group), at which the water column was reduced from 150 to 30 cm in 72 hour (h). Group 2 (G2), at which the water column was reduced from 150 to 30 cm in 48 h. Group 3(G3), at which the water column was reduced from 150 to 30 cm in 24 h. The results showed that, there was a significant (P˂0.05) decrease in muscle total bacterial count (TBC), fish injuries, heterophil /lymphocyte (L/H) ratio, serumglucose, Lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase and an increase in water, skin TBC, dissolved oxygen (DO), unionized ammonia (UIA), and total leucocyte count (TLC) in G3 compared to G2 and G1.In conclusion, the process of reduced water column before gathering and harvesting needs to be carried out within 24 h to reduce injuries and bacterial load of fish. In addition, it improves the immune system and health of fish that reducing therisk of infection. Therefore, slow reduction of water column height during harvesting produces crowding stress altering health status and welfare of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).
https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_2273_0f14134efff4815b4cb448288780286c.pdf
2015-12-01
9
22
10.21608/ejabf.2015.2273
Fish harvesting
water column
skin injuries
water quality
bacteriological parameters
fish welfare
Radi
Mohamed
1
Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine (Animal Behavior and Welfare), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University (33156), Egypt.
AUTHOR
Fatma
Abouelenien
2
Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine (Animal, Poultry and Environmental Hygiene), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University (33156), Egypt.
AUTHOR
Nagham
Elsaidy
3
Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine (Animal, Poultry and Environmental Hygiene), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University (33156), Egypt.
AUTHOR
Ahmed
Hamza
4
Consultant of fish quality and hygiene, general authority of Veterinary Medicine, Kafr El-sheikh branch, Egypt.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Conclusive approach for evaluating bed sediments of Lake Nasser using different indices
The present study focuses on metals distribution in Lake Nasser sediments and the major objectives of this study are to define the sources of these metals and to select the best indices to be applied for heavy metals assessment. Superficial sediment samples were collected from 10 sites along Lake Nasser (from Arkeen section to Kalabsha section). Samples were detected by inductively coupled plasma for Cd, As, Cr, Pb, Cu, Ni and Zn. The results showed that, Cd and As recorded values were under detection limits in all sites and the trend of metals according to average concentrations follow the sequence of Cu>Zn>Cr>Ni>Pb. The average concentrations of these metals were 106.2, 72.1, 56.4, 50.7 and 18.2 mg/kg respectively. Environmental assessment of sediments pollution by heavy metals was carried outusing different indices. Pollution indices are powerful tools for ecological geochemical assessment. The commonly used pollution indices by heavy metals in sediments were classified as two types; single index and integrated index. Four single indices of contamination factor (Cf), ecological risk factor (Er), sediment enrichment factor (SEF) and new index of geo-accumulation (NIgeo) were illustrated. Five integrated indices of pollution load index (PLI), degree of contamination (Cd), modified degree of contamination (mCd), sediment pollution index (SPI) and potential ecological risk index (RI) were also calculated. Based on these indices for identifying the level of heavy metals of Lake Nasser sediments beside applying statistical analysis (cluster variables); the sediment enrichment factor, sedimentpollution index and potential ecological risk index were chosen as the best over the other indices. The results also indicated that Cu, Zn, Cr, Ni and Pb in the surface sediment were primarily derived from crustal origin and the natural processes, such as weathering and erosion of bedrock are the main supply sources of heavy metals insediments along Lake Nasser.
https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_2274_7de8d38a3f011085bbabaa4069af1dbd.pdf
2015-12-01
23
34
10.21608/ejabf.2015.2274
Heavy metals
surficial sediments
Pollution index
sediment enrichment factor
Geoaccumulationindex
ecological risk index
sediment pollution index
Lake Nasser
Mohsen
Yousry
1
Water Research Center, Nile Research Institute, El-Qanater El-Khairiya, Egypt.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Bisphenol A (EDC) on the reproductive potential of Helisoma duryi (Wetherby, 1879)
It has been claimed that bisphenol A (BPA) induces some reproductive potential disorders in the freshwater gastropods worldwide. The adult fecundity and egg hatchability as well as histological effects and embryonic deformities on the exotic freshwater snail Helisoma duryi have been studied to explore the superfeminization phenomena. The results of the 96h.LC50 of BPA for H. duryi was 4.06, and the histological examination for the hermaphrodite gland which was exposed to sub-lethal concentration showed considerable modification and changes in the semineferoustubules, number of eggs, spermatogenesis and the thickness of surrounding connective tissues. The results highlight the importance of obtaining basic knowledge of information on sub-lethal damage through the life-history of potential test species after exposure to test protocols.
https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_2275_c48caca4c679ec09965fe61421f59595.pdf
2015-12-01
35
49
10.21608/ejabf.2015.2275
Helisoma duryi
Freshwater snail
Hermaphrodite
Egypt
BPA (Bisphinol A)
Mostafa
Gabr
1
Marine Biology &Ichthyology Section, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al- Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Amr
Zeina
2
Marine Biology &Ichthyology Section, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al- Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Mohamed
Abou Zaid
3
Marine Biology &Ichthyology Section, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al- Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Status of the fringing coral reefs in the southern Egyptian coast of the Red Sea
Study of the effect of human impact and sheltering condition on corals and fish assemblages was carried out in twenty nine reef sites at the area between Marsa Umm El-Grifate and Marsa Shuna, Red sea. Total living covers, total coral cover, and total recruitment colonies were recorded and exhibited higher percentages of occurrence onthe exposed and un-impacted sites than on the sheltered and impacted ones. In contrary, the covers of algae, dead and bleached coral colonies were found to be higher on the sheltered and impacted reefs than on the exposed and un-impacted ones. In total, 117 fish species belong to 24 families were recorded. Although, carnivorefish were dominating the food web, the most abundant groups were found to be herbivore and planktivore fishes. Total fish abundance was higher in the shelter sites than in the exposed ones, while the abundance of herbivores, carnivores, and piscivores were higher in the sheltered and impacted sites than in the exposed and unimpactedones. Total coral cover and total recruitments were negatively correlated to algal cover. Total fish abundance was positively correlated to total living cover and negatively correlated to total coral cover. Herbivores fish abundance was positively correlated to total coral cover and total recruitments, but it was negatively correlatedto algal cover. Moreover, planktivores fishes were negatively correlated to the total coral cover and total recruitments. This study strongly recommended to organize the fishing activities along the southern Red Sea, in addition to regulate the rabid coastal development to this part of the Red Sea.
https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_2276_258ba28af6714c5cf711c1f86583ce3a.pdf
2015-12-01
51
67
10.21608/ejabf.2015.2276
Coral reef
coral reef fishes
relationship
Marsa Alam
Red Sea
Egypt
Tamer
Attalla
1
Red Sea Protectorates, EEAA, Hurghada, Egypt
AUTHOR
Mohammed
Kotb
2
Marine Science Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, 41552 Ismailia, Egypt
AUTHOR
Mahmoud
Hanafy
3
Marine Science Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, 41552 Ismailia, Egypt
AUTHOR
Saad
Mohammed
4
Marine Science Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, 41552 Ismailia, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Ecological Studies of the Macrobenthic Fauna of Ashtoum El-Gamil Protectorate, Port Said
Macrobenthic invertebrates samples were collected seasonally from five stations, selected according to their environmental ecosystem (marine, brackish and fresh) in Ashtoum El-Gamil protected area. This protectorate is located in the north western part of Lake Manzala. Macrobenthic community was found including thirty five species belonging to four groups. Of these species, 3 Polychaetes, 19 gastropods, 7 bivalves and 6 crustacean. Some of them are freshwater species and others are marine. Gastropods were dominated other groups, the highest average standing crop was recorded in station V. Macrobenthic fauna reached its maximum average value in spring in the whole area, while winter was the minimum productive season. Environmental parameter and nature of the sediment were important factors affecting distribution and abundance of macro benthic invertebrates. But It has been found that the percentage of the live organisms which have been monitored do not exceed 7% of total organisms.
https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_2277_e82a9053e7e9c077dabe896f480fa9b3.pdf
2015-12-01
69
75
10.21608/ejabf.2015.2277
Macrobenthic Fauna
Ashtoum El-Gamil
Port Said
Nagwa
Elshenawy
1
Ashtoum El-Gamil protectorate, Egyptian Environmental Affair Agency, Port-Said, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Nesreen
Ibrahim
2
Marine Science Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Gibree
Sharaf
3
Marine Science Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Resilience of Coral Reefs at the southern Egyptian Coast of the Red Sea
Twenty nine sites on the reef of the area between House Reef Fantazia Resort to House Reef of Shams Alam Resort, south to city of Marsa Alam, were surveyed. The eleven key resilience factors set by McClanahan et al. (2012) were used to evaluate our studied Reef areas. The resilience rank equals the sum of the resistance rank and recovery rank. The highest resistance ranks 2.66 and the lowest one 2.06 recorded in sites 27 and 28, respectively, while the recovery rank ranged between 1.69 and 2.75 in sites 29 and 26 respectively. Dependably, the resilience rank ranged between 3.86 and 5.15 in sites 29 and 19, respectively. Generally, the sites with high recruitment colonies, coral resistance species, herbivores fishes biomass, and lower algal cover, human impacts had higher resilience rank than the others sites.
https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_2278_6b340ca6c2d5d71e8f73924cd739c7e3.pdf
2015-12-01
77
89
10.21608/ejabf.2015.2278
Coral reef
Resilience
recovery
resistance
Marsa Alam
Red Sea
Mohammed
Kotb
1
Marine Science Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, 41552 Ismailia, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Mahmoud
Hanafy
2
Marine Science Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, 41552 Ismailia, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Tamer
Attalla
3
Red Sea Protectorates, EEAA, Hurghada, Egypt
AUTHOR
Saad
Mohammed
4
Marine Science Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, 41552 Ismailia, Egypt.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Reproductive Biology of Sepia pharaonis Ehrenberg, 1831(Cephalopoda: Sepioidea) from the Suez Gulf (Red Sea), Egypt.
Reproductive biology of males and females of Sepia phraonis were investigated from samples obtained from commercial catch caught by local fishermen using trawling nets. The samples were seasonally collected (individuals) between winter2014 to autumn 2014. The results of sex ratio indicated that females outnumbered males. The mean size at first maturity was 7cm and8.6cm dorsal mantel length (ML) for males and females respectively Based upon morphological features of the gonads and nidamental gland color change in female, five and four maturity stages for malesand females were described, respectively. Depending on the proportion of each maturity stage, as well as various maturity indices (gonado-somatic index, G.S.I and nidamental-somatic index, N.S.I) the spawning season was found to take place during spring and summer and sometimes extends to autumn. So, it is recommended to reduce fishing activity during these periods.
https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_2279_e8977e01ea206267f775694bdf6bf455.pdf
2015-12-01
91
102
10.21608/ejabf.2015.2279
Sepia pharaonis
reproductive biology . Suez Gulf
Red Sea
Egypt
Rafik
Riad
1
Marine Environment Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Alexandria Branch, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Noha
ELebiary
2
Marine Environment Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Alexandria Branch, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Youssef
Halim
3
Oceanography Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Egypt
AUTHOR
Manal
Atta
4
Oceanography Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Reproductive biology of Lagocephalus scelertaus in Mediterranean and Red Seas, Egypt
Study of the reproductive biology of the Lessepsian migrant pufferfish species Lagocephalus sceleratus was carried out for two different populations; the first representative the native population in the Gulf of Suez (Red Sea), while the other one representative to the migrant population in the Egyptian Mediterranean Sea. The samples collected seasonally for two populations from winter 2013 till autumn 2014. The sex ratio (Males: Females) throughout study period were found 1:1.07 and 1: 1.29 for Gulf of Suez and Mediterranean population respectively. Males matured earlier in life than females in both study areas. For Gulf of Suez population, the fish length at first sexual maturity (L50) was 36.3 cm for males and 37.1 cm for females, while forMediterranean population the fish length (L50) were 32.5 and 36.3 cm for males andfemales respectively. Accordin g to the present results of seasonal variations in maturity stages and Gonado Somatic Index (GSI) the reproductive season of Lagocephalus sceleratus collected from Gulf of Suez and Alexandria, EgyptianMediterranean waters exhibits a relatively prolong spawning season extending from spring to summer for both sexes. In the current study, the absolute fecundity of L. sceleratus, for both study areas, increased with increasing in length and weight. The relative fecundity also showed slightly increase with the increase in length, while it showed small fluctuations combined with decrease particularly of largest weight fish groups with the increase in total weight.
https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_2280_e5f53ced014951806f000bc341e285aa.pdf
2015-12-01
103
114
10.21608/ejabf.2015.2280
Lagocephalus sceleratus
Gulf Suez
Red Sea
Mediterranean Sea
reproductive
Amira
Ali
1
Marine science departement, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal Univercity, Ismailia, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Ashraf
Ahmed
2
Marine science departement, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal Univercity, Ismailia, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Azza
Ganainy
3
Fisheries Division at National Instiute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Mohammed
Ahmed
4
Marine science departement, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal Univercity, Ismailia, Egypt.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Physiological studies of some chelating agents in accumulation of some heavy metals in Tilapa florida
The three chelating agents. EDTA. Thiamin and Ascorbic acid were tested for balance and tissue distribution of four essential trace elements, copper. Zinc, iron and manganese, blood, liver kidney and muscle in Tilapia florida. Essential trace element balance was less affected by thiamin administration. Thiamin produced minimum alterations in the tissue levels of essential trace elements. Alterations produced by EDTA were more pronounced than those occurred with ascorbic acid and thiamin. Copper, zinc and iron levels in all tissues were drastically depleted by EDTA. The present results suggested that thiamin had the best efficacy as a metal chelating agent.
https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_2281_731ada30ae1c7df77361fe7f473e60b6.pdf
2015-12-01
115
120
10.21608/ejabf.2015.2281
Tilapa florida
Heavy metals
ascorbic acid
thiamin
EDTA
Abdel-Salam
Ohaida
1
Zoology Department. Faculty of Science. University of Misurata Libya.
AUTHOR