ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Morphological and ecological studies of two chelonian reptiles
The present investigation aims to illustrate the morphological and ecological differences of tortoises and terrapins. Two types of chelonian reptiles were selected; the herbivorous land tortoise, Testudo graeca terrestris and the freshwater terrapin, Pseudemys scripta elegans. Testuda graeca terrestris is highly adapted to live on land since it can live for a long period without water on sand dunes and semidesert areas during warm days. It is characterized with a dome shell and stumpy legs. All tortoises are vegetarians that fed on lettuce. On the other hand, the freshwater terrapin; Pseudemys scripta elegans is known to inhabit the Mississippi valley. It is semiaquatic reptile, known as red eared terrapin, spends in fresh water as much time as it spends on land. Pseudemys scripta elegans may by kept as pet with few hazards as it may cause Salmonellasis. This species is omnivorous since they feed on fishes, frogs, flesh, snails, worms and numerous aquatic plant species.
https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_2164_682a0b6c5a2125b3a82a3a0e36c95267.pdf
2013-04-01
1
11
10.21608/ejabf.2013.2164
Chelonian reptiles
Feeding habits
hibernation period and nesting behavior
Suzan
Naguib
1
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Ragaa
El-Deeb
2
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Fatma
Abd El- Haddy
3
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Distributional patterns of benthic invertebrates at some meso-habitats of sandy riverbed of a mountain stream in Japan
Quantitative samples of benthic invertebrates were collected by a core sampler from 4 meso-habitats of a sandy riverbed at relatively slow flowing area of a mountain stream (Takami-gawa Stream, Nara Prefecture). A stretch of ca. 75 m was chosen for the samples collection, where riffle center (RC), riffle edge (RE), center of side pool (SP) and edge of sand bar (EB) were selected for sampling. The first one is a mid-channel habitat, while the others are marginal habitats of the channel. Sampling was carried-out over 5 sampling dates during the years 2008-2009. A total of 19967 individuals of benthic invertebrates, representing 120 taxa were identified. Comparisons using Two-way ANOVA test indicated that total abundance shows significant differences between habitats and seasons, with higher density at RC and in February 2009. Taxon richness exhibited only significant differences between seasons, with also higher value during February 2009. As well, Diversity index (H’) showed significant differences between habitats and seasons, with lower values at RC and during May 2008. Dominant taxa such as Paraleptophlebia, Potamanthus, and Zaitzevia showed significant differences between habitats with higher abundance at RC. On the other hand, Oligochaeta exhibited higher abundance at RE. Benthic invertebrates were categorized into 4 groups according to their micro-vertical habitat; epifauna, fugitive fauna, occasional and permanent hyporheos. Occasional hyporheos accounted more than 50% in almost every habitat and sampling month, which was quite different from stony riffles assemblages. The insect larvae of Paraleptophlebia, Potamanthus, and Zaitzevia were predominant occasional hyporheos. This study confirms the suitability of core sampler to collect not only epifauna but also hyporheos in sandy riverbed.
https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_2165_78929a6e108e4126515c7867fbd99e47.pdf
2013-04-01
13
35
10.21608/ejabf.2013.2165
Benthic fauna
Epifauna
River
Sandy habitats
Bottom sampler
Hyporheos
Khaled
Abdelsalam
1
Laboratory of Ecology and Systematics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Assessment of nutritional value and sensory quality of salted roes of catfish Clarias gariepinus
Some chemical, bacteriological and organoleptical changes of fresh roes (Batarekh) catfish Clarias gariepinus soaked in salt solution was prepared from sodium chloride 12.0% (w/w), 3.5% vinegar (6% conc.), 0.1% ascorbic acid and 1.5% spices. Besides 7, 14 and 21 p. p. m Nisin for 12-15 hours. After that, all treatment samples kept at room temperature for 30 days. During the storage period, chemical indices of freshness, fatty acides, bacterial count and sensory evaluation showed increasing trends, they were considerably lower in the samples soaked in salt solution + 21 p. p. m Nisin compared with other samples.
https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_2166_be52e550880ca723498936f8c08a0261.pdf
2013-04-01
37
46
10.21608/ejabf.2013.2166
Sensory quality
salted roes
Clarias gariepinus
Mohamed
Salama
1
Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research, Abbassa, Agriculture Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of some commercial feed additives on the structure of gonads and microbiology of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fish
Tilapia is a popular food fish all over the world and in Egypt it has been raised as food for human consumption for a long time. A field study was conducted on brood stock Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus to improve their reproductive performance by some commercial feed additives. Both sexes were individually stocked into hapas (enclosures) and fed a basal diet supplemented with graded levels 0.0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 g Therigon® kg-1 diet (T1-T4; T1 as a control treatment, respectively); 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 g Nuvisol Hatch P® kg-1 diet; (T5-T7); 20, 40 and 60 mg gibberllic acid kg-1 diet (T8-T10) for female only and 700, 900 and 1100 mg L-carnitine kg-1 diet for males only (T12-T14), respectively for 19 day. Results revealed that fish ovaries in all treatments (T2-T10) contained more advanced oocytes at final maturation stage with clear histological alterations of fish fed the highest levels of these feed additives, especially with gibberllic acid treatment. Fish treated with 60 mg gibberllic acid kg-1 diet (T10) showed the worst histological effects on fish ovary among all treatments. Addition of 700 and 900 mg L-carnitine kg-1 diet caused maturation of testes better than the control treatment (T11). Meanwhile, fish fed 1100 mg L-carnitine kg-1 diet (T14) showed degeneration and severe hemolysis in seminiferous tubules. Low bacterial loads were recorded (in gills, liver, intestine and ovary / testes) at the high level of Nuvisol Hatch P®. Data proved that the high bacterial load was detected in fish treated with L-carnitine in both tested media and in all tested organs. Meanwhile, low bacterial load was observed in the liver, ovary and testes in all media comparing with the other organs (gills and intestine).
https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_2167_bd8907c7530a6fefc6bca2faa773aaa5.pdf
2013-04-01
47
62
10.21608/ejabf.2013.2167
Tilapia brood stock – Gonads histology – Microbiology
Therigon®
Nuvisol Hatch P®
Gibberllic acid
L
carnitine
Abdelhamid
Abdelhamid
1
Animal Production Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Mansoura University, Egypt
AUTHOR
Mehrim
I.
2
Animal Production Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Mansoura University, Egypt
AUTHOR
El-Barbary
I.
3
Fish pathology Lab., National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Egypt
AUTHOR
El-Sharawy
A.
4
Animal Production Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Mansoura University, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Heavy metals pollution origin in the bed sediments of Aswan high dam reservoir: lithogenic or anthropogenic sources
Heavy metals are present in aquatic sediments as a result of chemical leaching of bed rocks (Lithogenic source), and discharge of urban and industrial wastewaters (Anthropogenic sources). It is important to provide information about the source of heavy metals pollution because high levels of heavy metals can often be attributed to anthropogenic influences, rather than natural enrichment of the sediment by geological weathering (Lithogenic influences). This study was initiated with the objective of determining the origin of heavy metals pollutants in the bed sediments of Aswan High Dam Reservoir (AHD) and to evaluates their environmental risk in reservoir water and its potential use (benefits and risks) in agricultural land. Total metals concentration, the element Enrichment Factor (EF) and the sequential extractions of heavy metals (speciation) were determined in addition to pH, organic matter content and grain size distribution. The results indicated that the total metal contents varied in the following ranges (in mg/kg): Al (1165-18000), Cd (0.62-2.17), Co (11-47), Cr (12-63), Cu (80-261), Fe (3027-36651), Mn (93-1908), Ni (11-58), Pb (7-29) and Zn (98-208). The enrichment factor for all metals in sediment was found to be low and the heavy metals speciation revealed that the exchangeable and carbonate bound fractions are entirely insignificant. The results revealed no anthropogenic contribution of heavy metals and the chemical weathering is a primary factor that controls the concentrations of metals in the bed sediments of the Reservoir. The results indicated that metals in the bed sediments of the reservoir did not represent environmental pollution risk and are derived from lithogenic (natural) processes (i.e weathering and soil formation). The bed sediments of the reservoir were found in the alkaline range and are promoting heavy metals precipitation. Thus it was recommended to use these sediments in soil amendment.
https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_2168_c791a4f2d7ba3dfc5bec155e28c2894d.pdf
2013-04-01
63
72
10.21608/ejabf.2013.2168
Aswan High Dam Reservoir
sediments
Enrichment factor
speciation
lithogenic
anthropogenic
Mohsen
Yousry
1
National Water Research Center, Nile Research Institute
AUTHOR
Talaat
Salem
2
National Water Research Center, Nile Research Institute
AUTHOR
Karima
Yousry
3
National Water Research Center, Nile Research Institute
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Comparative study for the production of the male Nile tilapia between inter-specific hybridization and hormonal sex reversal
Tilapia fry were produced by hybridization of males of blue tilapia (Oreochromis aureus) with females of Nile tilapia (O. niloticus) and by sex reversal using oral administration of 3 doses (60, 80 and 100 mg/kg diet) of the androgen 17 α-methyltestosterone (MT) for 28 days. Fry were fattening in earthen ponds for 210 days.All treatment groups that received androgen MT (T3, T4 and T5) showed sex reversal with a significantly higher males proportion than females as compared to the control (T2) and hybrid (T1) groups. The treatment group that received 60 mg MT (T3) exhibited the best growth performance parameters (average weight gain, average daily gain and specific growth rate) and feed utilization parameters (feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio, protein production value and energy utilization). The highest percentage of body crude protein; ether extract and ash were detected in T3 group. With regard to human food safety, tilapias that treated with MT (T3, T4 and T5) rapidly excrete ingested hormone and MT levels falling to lower concentrations than that in both hybrid (T1) and control (T2) groups.
https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_2169_49dafbc008aa56a237f6ae35cb12d9bb.pdf
2013-04-01
73
89
10.21608/ejabf.2013.2169
tilapia
Hybridization
17 α-methyltestosterone
sex reversal
Growth performance
feed utilization
Body Composition and Human Food Safety
Nabil
Abd Al-Hakim
1
Animal Production Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Mohsen
Hessen
2
Animal Production Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Esam
Rizkalla
3
Biochemistry Dept., Animal Health Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Cen., Dokki, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
Ahmed
Hegazi
4
Arab Company for Fisheries, Abbassa, Abu Hammad, Sharkia, Egypt
AUTHOR
Al-Azab
Tahoun
5
Aquaculture Dept., Faculty of Fish Resources, Suez Canal University, Suez, Egypt
AUTHOR
Ayman
Khalfalla
6
Animal Production Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of fertilization sources with artificial feeding on growth performance, water quality and returns of monosex Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) reared in earthen ponds
The present study was performed in earthen ponds with a total area of 1.25 feddan each and water column of 1.25 meter. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of source of fertilizers (organic and inorganic) on growth performance, feed and nitrogen utilization, whole body composition, water quality, plankton abundance, costs and net returns of Nile tilapia monosex reared in earthen ponds. The first pond (T1) received chicken manure at a rate of 87.5 kg weekly with artificial feeding (25% protein), the second pond (T1) received artificial feed as in T1 plus chemical fertilization (5 kg/pond urea 46.5 N + triple super phosphate 10 kg/pond weekly). The third treatment (T3) received only artificial feed without any fertilization. The artificial feed was offered at a rate of 3% of pond biomass in two portions at 9.00 am and 3.00 pm daily. The experimental ponds were stocked with 15000 monosex Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) with initial weight ranging between 19.73 and 20.83g and length between 5.5 to 6.0 cm. the experiment lasted 14 weeks after start from August to December 2012. Results obtained are summarized in the following:1) Water quality parameters tested (water temperature 0C; dissolved oxygen (mg/l); pH value; total ammonia (mg/l); nitrate mg/l; nitrite mg/l and salinity g/l were within the accepTable levels for optimum growth of Nile tilapia.2) Final weight and length, weight gain, length gain, daily weight gain, specific growth rate and relative growth rate of T1(feed + organic fertilizers) recorded significantly (p˂0.05) the highest values followed in a significant decreasing order by T2 (feed + inorganic fertilizers) and T3 (feed only), respectively.3) The best FCR was recorded by T1 followed by T3 and T2, respectively.4) The applied treatments revealed significant (p˂0.05) effects on the whole body chemical composition.5) Average of nitrogen utilization (nitrogen gained in fish bodies/ total nitrogen input × 100) were 35.72; 31.74 and 39.83% for T1; T2 and T3, respectively.6) The T1 recorded the highest fish production followed in a decreasing order by T2 and T3, respectively.7) T1 recorded the highest net returns (15613.24 LE) followed in a decreasing order by T2 (8560.07) and T3 (8094.34 LE).
https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_2170_43e30b4c1595320ad3e2a06013b049f2.pdf
2013-04-01
91
104
10.21608/ejabf.2013.2170
Organic and inorganic fertilizers
artificial feed
nitrogen utilization
Net returns
Abdel-Wahab
Abdel-Warith
1
Department of Animal production, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Studies on some heavy metals in the River Nile water and fish at Helwan area, Egypt
A survy study was carried out in the River Nile at Helwan area to evaluate water parameters and fish quality from three locations during four seasons. Values of water criteria in the tested area were suitable for rearing Nile tilapia fish. All variables (sampling location and season) and their interaction, significantly (P≤0.05) affected the heavy metal levels in the River Nile water. Water Zn level ranged between 0.021 and 0.056, Cu 0.002-0.049, Pb 0.117-0.176, Cd 0.000-0.000, and Fe 0.038-1.432. Zn, Cu, and Pb were significantly (P≤0.05) higher at location No. 2 than the other locations, whereas Fe was significantly (P≤0.05) higher at location No. 1. This may be attributed to the pollution source, Torah Cement Factory at location No. 1 and Starch and Glucose Factory at location No. 2. Summer season reflected the highest (P≤0.05) levels of Zn, Pb, and Fe, whereas Cu level was significantly (P≤0.05) higher in spring. Generally, Cd was absent at all locations and seasons of water sampling. There were no significant (P≥0.05) differences in chemical composition of Nile tilapia fish due to sampling locations; yet, there were significant (P≤0.05) differences in CP, EE, and ash contents due to sampling seasons. In fish muscles, the levels of Pb, Cd, and F were significantly (P≤0.05) affected by sampling locations, whereas Zn, Cd, Fe, and F significantly (P≤0.05) affected by sampling seasons. In the whole fish body, the levels of Zn, Cu, Pb, Fe, and F were significantly (P≤0.05) affected by sampling locations and seasons. Fish muscles bioacumulated higher Pb than Cu, Fe, and Zn, respectively. The Fe accumulation was highest in the whole fish body followed by Zn, Cu and Pb, respectively. It was clear that each of Zn, Cu, and Fe were more bioaccumulated in the whole fish body than in the fish muscles. This may depend on the target organ for each element where it deposits. There were significantly positive correlations between Pb/Cu and Pb/Cd in fish muscles, whole fish Zn/muscular Fe, Cd/Cu, Cu/Fe as well as Cd/Pb in whole fish, whole fish Fe/muscular Fe, water Zn/muscular Cd, water Cu/muscular Cu, Cu/Zn in water, water Fe/muscular Fe, water Fe/whole fish Cu, water Fe/whole fish Fe, and Fe/Pb in water. Also, there were significantly negative correlations between water Cu/whole fish Pb and water Fe/muscular Cu. So, residues of some heavy metals in fish are affected by the presence of some industries nearby the River Nile that may negatively affect human health of the fish consumer from such contaminated water. Therefore, it is a must to manage such factories to be environmentally consonant by treating its wastes before exposure to the environment.
https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_2171_e7c488e588fd3a7de346694db69db7be.pdf
2013-04-01
105
126
10.21608/ejabf.2013.2171
Helwan
River Nile
Nile tilapia
water
Heavy metals
Abdelhamid
M.
1
Dept. of Anim. Prod., Fac. of Agric., Mansoura Univ., Mansoura, Egypt
AUTHOR
Gomaa
H.
2
Regional Center for Food and Feed, Agric. Res. Cen., Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
El-Sayed
M.
3
Regional Center for Food and Feed, Agric. Res. Cen., Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR