@article { author = {Shehata, Talaat and Goda, Ashraf}, title = {EFFECT OF DIETARY LIPID LEVELS AND SOURCES ON IMMUNE RESPONSE OF NILE TELAPIA OREOCHROMIS NILOTICUS BROODSTOCK IN WINTER SEASON}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries}, volume = {4}, number = {2}, pages = {1-25}, year = {2000}, publisher = {The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)}, issn = {1110-6131}, eissn = {2536-9814}, doi = {10.21608/ejabf.2000.1660}, abstract = {The present study was carried out for 120 days at Fish Research Station, belonging to the National institute of Oceanography and Fisheries at El-Kanater El Khairia The aim of work was to detect the effect of lipid sources (Poultry oil, Com oil and Linseed oil) and lipid levels (3 and 6 %) on immune response of Nile tilapia broodfish during the winter seasoa Total serum protein (TSP), total serum albumin (TSA) and Total serum globulin (TSG) parameters were used as immunoglobulin indicators. The (TSP), (TSA) and (TSG) were not significantly (P > 0.05) affected by lipid source or iipid level at water temperature over 16.85 °C. But significant differences were found at water temperature below 11,66 °C. These data showed poultry oil with 3% lipid seemed to be adequate for optimal functioning of immunoglobulin.The humoral response as measured by hydrogen peroxidase titer and hemolysin titer were not significantly (P > 0.05) affected by both lipid source or lipid level at water temperature over 16.85 °C while significant differences (P < 0.05) were found at water temperature below 11.66 °C. The data revealed that both com oil and linseed oil with 6 % lipid seemed to be adequate for optimal functioning of humoral immune response.}, keywords = {missed}, url = {https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_1660.html}, eprint = {https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_1660_c6cd2ac36c3a9f8b2fec4b6ad031ccc8.pdf} } @article { author = {A. Mageed, Adel}, title = {MEROPLANKTONIC STAGES OF BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES IN LAKE QAROUN (El^FAYOUM-EGYPT)}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries}, volume = {4}, number = {2}, pages = {27-42}, year = {2000}, publisher = {The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)}, issn = {1110-6131}, eissn = {2536-9814}, doi = {10.21608/ejabf.2000.1661}, abstract = {The distribution of meroplanktonic inverlabrate larvae in Lake Qaroun (EL-Fayoum - Egypt) was studied along a whole year. Monthly collection was carried out at five stations for 12 months, starting in January!996. Numerous larvae of three benthic invertebrate groups; namely Annelida, Crustacea, and Mollusca were obtained. The most dominant larvae were those of Polychaeta followed by Crustacea (mostly Cirripedia). The maximum counts of the larvae were encountered during the hot months.}, keywords = {missed}, url = {https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_1661.html}, eprint = {https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_1661_5a9da8ec81c8ba4561ab29deedd71130.pdf} } @article { author = {El-Feki, Mostafa and Fahim, Hanaa and Gad, Mamoon and Abaci-Ghana, Fafehy}, title = {CHANGES IN THE HAEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF CARP, CYPRINUS CARPJO L., INDUCED BY LAMINARIN AND NIGELLA SATIVA OIL DURING THE MOTILE AEROMONAS SEPTICEMIA DISEASE}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries}, volume = {4}, number = {2}, pages = {43-93}, year = {2000}, publisher = {The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)}, issn = {1110-6131}, eissn = {2536-9814}, doi = {10.21608/ejabf.2000.1662}, abstract = {Aeromonas hydrophila is responsible for heavy mortality to f»h stocks specially under culturing conditions. It is usually associated with the development of fish bacterial haemorrhagic septicemia. Therefore, the need for protection and treatment programmes is increasingly called on to avoid and/or overcome disease outbreaks in fishery populations.The haematological studies were carried out including the total erythrocytic count, haemoglobin estimation, packed cell volume "PCV11 and the total and differential leucocytic counts. Various derived values can be calculated from these results, such as mean corpuscular volume "MCV", mean cell haemoglobin "MCH" and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration "MCHC". The haematologjcal changes in the blood of common carp induced after the i.p. injection with Aeromonas hydrophila pathogen weie  blood cells, haemoglobin concentration and haematocrit values. These increments were due to the tissue hypoxia resulting from erythropenia caused by Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Treatment of the infected fishes with both laminarin and N. sativa showed a decrease in the RBCs count and haemoglobin concentration to the range of subnormal level A marked decrease in the RBCs count beyond the normal value and a noticeable increase in the haemoglobin concentration were noticed at the 5lh week and the 4th and 5th weeks, respectively in the K sativa treated group. The PCV values were changed in a fluctuated manner parallel to the changes in the quantities of circulating RBCs and/or modified erythrocyte cellular volume.In the protected groups, the haematological changes reflected the same effects of the immunopotentiators recorded in the treated ones. Also, following the challenge with bacteria, there was a decrease in the RBCs count, haemoglobin concentration and PCV values. Furthermore, the blood indices were calculated to interrupt and to give valuable support for the haematological results,The total leucocyte counts was increased after the challenge with bacteria, then a further elevation was recorded during the time of treatment with both of the immunopotentiators. Also, in the protected groups, the leucocyte counts was increased with laminarin and N. sativa injection. While it remained nearly unchanged following the infection with bacteria in the laminarin protected group, it was decreased in the N. sativa protected one.The increased leucocyte counts were accompanied by an increase in the neutrophils and a decrease in the lymphocytes following the infection with bacteria and injection with N, sativa in both protected and treated groups, Meanwhiles, in the groups injected with laminarin, the neutrophil and lymphocyte counts were nearly fluctuated around the control values. In addition, monocytes were increased in all the studied}, keywords = {missed}, url = {https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_1662.html}, eprint = {https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_1662_93698a9c9079b16a7cf3a0dc0f3d15b3.pdf} } @article { author = {Abdel-Hakim, Nabil and Moustafa, ELSaied}, title = {PERFORMANCE OF NILE TILAPIA (OREOCHUOWS NILOTICVS) RAISED IN CAGES AS AFFECTED WITH STOCKING DENSITY AND DIETARY PROTEIN LEVEL}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries}, volume = {4}, number = {2}, pages = {95-116}, year = {2000}, publisher = {The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)}, issn = {1110-6131}, eissn = {2536-9814}, doi = {10.21608/ejabf.2000.1663}, abstract = {An experiment was conducted on 16 floating cages, each of a total water volume of lm3 stocked with Nile tilapia ftngerlings weighing 30.67 to 30.22 g at the experimental start.The 16 cages represented four stocking densities (80 Dl; 100 D2; 120 »3 and 140 D4 fiih/m3) and four protein levels within each density tested (PI 20 ; P2 24 ; P3 28 and P4 32%). The experiment lasted 6 months after start. Results obtained are summarized in the following:(1) Increasing the protein level within each stocking density increased significantly (P<0.05) both body weights and length of fish.(2) Wilhin each protein level tested, increasing the stocking demky resulted in significant decreases in body weight and length of Nile tilapia (3) Both protein levels and stocking densities released significant effects on gains in live weights, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio. The total cage yield differed among the where fish at a density of 120 fish/m3 fed on the diet with 32% protein gave the highest yield of marketable size fish,}, keywords = {missed}, url = {https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_1663.html}, eprint = {https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_1663_5e65a9615b7054f040215703266ab420.pdf} } @article { author = {A. Mageed, Adel}, title = {BATHYMETMCAL DISTRIBUTION, BIOWBETMCAL CHARACTERISTIC AND LENGTH - DRY WEIGHT RELATIONSHIPS OF ACART1A (PARAdRTIA) IA71SETO&4 (COPEPODA - CRUSTACEA) OF LAKE QAROUN}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries}, volume = {4}, number = {2}, pages = {117-136}, year = {2000}, publisher = {The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)}, issn = {1110-6131}, eissn = {2536-9814}, doi = {10.21608/ejabf.2000.1664}, abstract = {Samples of A. latisetosa were collected monthly from 22 stations among Lake Qaroun during January - December 1993. The bathymetrical distribution, the different biometrical characteristics and length - dry weight relationships were estimated.The nauplius larvae represented 88.31 % of the total number of the developmental stages followed by copepodite stages (7,96 %), whereas the adult stage represented 3.73 % only.The maximum counts of the total number were recorded at the east and south of the lake. The peak of flourishing for nauplius larvae, copepodite stages and adults was mostly recorded during winter, summer, and spring respectively,The total body length ranged between 0.7164 mm to mm 0.9060 for females and 0.8171 mm to 0.8994 mm for males. The average dry weight of females was 3.520 \ig whereas that of males was 2.202 \xgr}, keywords = {missed}, url = {https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_1664.html}, eprint = {https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_1664_34a76783157665380a9e524725b0037c.pdf} } @article { author = {EMtehhar, Alaa and Salama, Mofaamed and Moustafa, Yasir and Zahran, Soliman}, title = {EFFECT OF SALINITY AND SALINITY ACCLIMATIZATION ON SURVIVAL AND GROWTH OF THE WILD HATCHED MULLET LARVAE USING DIFFERENT FEEDS IN GLASS AQUARIA}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries}, volume = {4}, number = {2}, pages = {137-155}, year = {2000}, publisher = {The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)}, issn = {1110-6131}, eissn = {2536-9814}, doi = {10.21608/ejabf.2000.1665}, abstract = {Two experiments were earned out to atudy the effect of salinity and salinity acclimatization on survival and growth of mullet larvae in glass aquaria. In the first experiment, a 6x3 complete randomized blocks design was utilized with six water wlinities (0, 5,10, 15, 20and 35ppt) in three replicates to define the effect of salinity on survival of striped mullet (Mugil cephalus) wild larvae collected from El-Max larval collection center at Alexandria Egypt. In the second experiment, a 5x3 complete randomized blocks design was utilized with five starting points of salinity reduction acclimatization. Starting acclimatization using (3,6, 9, 12 and 15 ppt salinities) at three replicates was initiated to study the effect of acclimatization from different points en survival and growth of wild grey mullet (Liza ramada) (Risso) larvae. Reducing sdinity 1 ppt daily using the appropriate amount of freshly stoked tap water did the descending salinity acclimatization for each starting point. Two test diets (40% crude protein) formulated from commercial ingredients, were used.}, keywords = {missed}, url = {https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_1665.html}, eprint = {https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_1665_1ed4a3ba1431cca38b588b6b101a99be.pdf} } @article { author = {El-Bolkiny, Yousry and Rizk, El-Sayed and EI-Ansary, Afaf}, title = {EFTECT OF DIETH\lJ)rraiOCARBAMATE ON SOME BIOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF MOMPHAIARIA ALEXANDRINA SNAILS}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries}, volume = {4}, number = {2}, pages = {157-181}, year = {2000}, publisher = {The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)}, issn = {1110-6131}, eissn = {2536-9814}, doi = {10.21608/ejabf.2000.1666}, abstract = {In this study, the chronic effects of diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC) on the fecunditiy and on some oxidative and anaerobic enzymes of Biomphalaria alexandhna snails, the intermediate host of Schistosomiasis mansoni in Egypt, were evaluated. The data obtained showed that the exposure of snails to sublethal concentrations of DDC reduced the egg laying capacity of the snails. The hatchabilily and survival rates of eggs, treated with very low concentrations of DDC were significantly reduced. All of the above effects were found lo be concentration and time dependent. Also, these DDC concentrations resulted in a significant decrease in the activity of lactate oxidase (LO), succinate oxidase (SO), known to activate vitellogenesis, and pyruvate kinase (PK), the key enzyme of anaerobic metabolism. On the other hand, the levels of transaminases (AST, ALT) of the exposed snails to DDC concentrations tested were not affected. At the same time, the glycogen content of the treated snails was lowered significantly. Moreover, the tested DDC concentrations caused degenerative changes to the histological architecture of hermaphrodite, albumin and neurosecretory glands of the exposed snails. All these findings may suggest that DDC has anti-fecundity and ovicidal effects on the examined snails, and affects the parasite - snail relationship by inhibiting some enzymes of both vitellogenesis and anaerobic respiration.}, keywords = {missed}, url = {https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_1666.html}, eprint = {https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_1666_d660fbb6e800db1fb9652519c7797af0.pdf} } @article { author = {Gharib, Samiha and Dorgham, Mohamed}, title = {EFTECT OF DIETH\lJ)rraiOCARBAMATE ON SOME BIOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF MOMPHAIARIA ALEXANDRINA SNAILS}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries}, volume = {4}, number = {2}, pages = {157-181}, year = {2000}, publisher = {The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)}, issn = {1110-6131}, eissn = {2536-9814}, doi = {10.21608/ejabf.2000.1667}, abstract = {In this study, the chronic effects of diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC) on the fecunditiy and on some oxidative and anaerobic enzymes of Biomphalaria alexandhna snails, the intermediate host of Schistosomiasis mansoni in Egypt, were evaluated. The data obtained showed that the exposure of snails to sublethal concentrations of DDC reduced the egg laying capacity of the snails. The hatchabilily and survival rates of eggs, treated with very low concentrations of DDC were significantly reduced. All of the above effects were found lo be concentration and time dependent. Also, these DDC concentrations resulted in a significant decrease in the activity of lactate oxidase (LO), succinate oxidase (SO), known to activate vitellogenesis, and pyruvate kinase (PK), the key enzyme of anaerobic metabolism. On the other hand, the levels of transaminases (AST, ALT) of the exposed snails to DDC concentrations tested were not affected. At the same time, the glycogen content of the treated snails was lowered significantly. Moreover, the tested DDC concentrations caused degenerative changes to the histological architecture of hermaphrodite, albumin and neurosecretory glands of the exposed snails. All these findings may suggest that DDC has anti-fecundity and ovicidal effects on the examined snails, and affects the parasite - snail relationship by inhibiting some enzymes of both vitellogenesis and anaerobic respiration.}, keywords = {missed}, url = {https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_1667.html}, eprint = {https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_1667_13e8f60a10d34951bc0a1ab1a9c00027.pdf} } @article { author = {AL-Akel, Aly and Shamsi, Mohamed}, title = {WEEKLY STRUCTURE AND ABUNDANCE OF PHYTOPLANKTON IN BOUGHAZ EL-MAADIYA, EGYPT}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries}, volume = {4}, number = {2}, pages = {183-210}, year = {2000}, publisher = {The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)}, issn = {1110-6131}, eissn = {2536-9814}, doi = {10.21608/ejabf.2000.1668}, abstract = {Phytoplankton structure and abundance were studied weekly in Boughaz El-Maadiya, a channel connecting between Lake Edku and the Mediterranean Sea at Abu Kir Bay. The study extended from the end of April to end of October 1997 at four locations representing different ecological conditions,Weekly changes were observed in both the structure and standing crop of phytoplankton due to changes of current direction towards the Lake or the Sea. The Majority of the recorded species were fresh or brackish water forms, while 39 species were marine. Diatoms were the most diversified group (77 spp.), followed by green algae (46 spp.), blue greens (30 spp.), Euglenophyceae (16 spp.) and dinoflagellates (13 spp.). The standing crop showed abnormal wide weekly variations between lOxlO3 and 36.8xl06 units l"1 for numerical density and 10.6-124.7 \x% I"1 for chlorophyll a Diatoms occupied the first order of abundance, constituting 54.5-81.6 % at different locations and then green algae (16.3-41.8 %). Both groups displayed obvious weekly variations, while other groups showed intermittent flash appearance with markedly lower densities. The species diversity as well as species richness were high,indicating spatial and temporal variations. Cluster analysis demonstrated three main groups of species that differed in their frequencies and abundance. The correlations between phytoplankton abundance and ecological parameters were oftenly insignificant reflecting strong role of the current regime on the phytoplankton distribution in Boughaz El-Maadiya.}, keywords = {missed}, url = {https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_1668.html}, eprint = {https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_1668_4a78a1544faf88a2a275de44aebc450a.pdf} } @article { author = {Shalaby, Adel}, title = {COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TOXICITY OF CARBARYL AND ITS IMPACT ON THE BEHAVIOUR AND CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM OF QCHLID FISH, OREOCHROMIS NJLOT1CUS (LINNAEUS , 1758) AND CATFISH CLARIAS GARIEPINUS (BURCHELL, 1822) FROM SAUDI ARABIA.}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries}, volume = {4}, number = {2}, pages = {211-227}, year = {2000}, publisher = {The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)}, issn = {1110-6131}, eissn = {2536-9814}, doi = {10.21608/ejabf.2000.1669}, abstract = {Healthy fishes of Oreochromis niloticus and Clarins gariepinus were exposed to different lethal and sublethal concentrations of carbaryl (sevin) as carbamate hydrocarbon which is an acetylcholine estrase inhibitor used as insecticide. The 96 hours LC50 for both fish species was computed as 4.45 mg/l_i for Oreochromls niloticus and 17.55 mg/T3 for danns gariepinus. The fishes showed remarkable changes in behaviour after exposure, The behaviours observed were; cough, yawn, Fm flickering, jerks, threat, and nip etc. They showed hyperexcitation-lethargy and occasional darting movements and sometime losing balance (in catfish) due to hanging upside down and rolling on the surface of water in the tank. After 96 hours of fish exposure to sub-lethal concentrations of the insecticide, significant depletion of muscle, liver and brain tissue glycogen (P<0.001) was recorded. On the other hand, the level of depletion of glycogen content was more prominent in}, keywords = {missed}, url = {https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_1669.html}, eprint = {https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_1669_8252d0581dd9bcdde8c2a280526b85a1.pdf} } @article { author = {Masoud1, Ahmed and Fawzy2, Samta and Salama3, Osama}, title = {SUBLETHAL EFFECTS OF HEAVY METALS COPPER, CADMIUM AND ZINC ALONE OR IN COMBINATIONS ON ENZYMES ACTIVITIES OF COMMON CARP CYPRTNUS CARPIO}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries}, volume = {4}, number = {2}, pages = {229-246}, year = {2000}, publisher = {The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)}, issn = {1110-6131}, eissn = {2536-9814}, doi = {10.21608/ejabf.2000.1670}, abstract = {Drastic biochemical changes were produced in liver and muscle of common carp; Cyprinus carpio L. exposed to sublethal levels (V4 and Yz LC50) of either copper, cadmium or zinc alone or a combination of them for 7 and 30 days. The pattern of changes in both treatments was nearly the same except for the intensity of change. The hepatic aspartale amninotransferase (AST) in liver was increased, while acid phosphatase (ACP) activity generally decreased in fish exposed to high level of Cu, Cd, Zn and their mixtures. Also, hepatic alanine aminotransferase (ALT) showed significant increase in fish exposed to all mixture groups, except high level of Cu+Cd+Zn on the 701 day, and then the activity decreased on the 30th day in fish of all treated groups. In muscle, AST showed significant increase in fish exposed to low level of Cu, Zn, Cu+Cd+Zn and high level of Cu and Cd for 7 days. These values decreased significantly after exposure to low level of Zn, Cu+Cd, Cu+Cd+Zn as well as high level of Zn and Cu+Cd+Zn for 30 days. The activity of ALT was increased significantly on the 7th day in fish exposed to low level of mixtures of Cu+Zn, Cd+Zn and Cu+Cd+Zn as well as high levels of Cu, Cd, Cu+Zn and Cu+Cd+Zn treatments, while fish exposed to low level of Cu+Cd+Zn and high level of Cu+Zn, Cd+Zn and Cu+Cd+Zn treatments showed significant decrease in ALT activity on the 30th day. There was no significant change in muscle ACP activity in all treated fish groups.}, keywords = {missed}, url = {https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_1670.html}, eprint = {https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_1670_a128d2bd80a422b912f709889cb5e8fe.pdf} } @article { author = {El-Dahhar, Alaa and Zeweil, Hassan and El-Tawil, Nader}, title = {LABORATORY STUDIES ON THE MOLLUSCICIDAL AND CERCARICIDAL ACTIVITIES OF COMMIPHORA MOLMOL.}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries}, volume = {4}, number = {2}, pages = {251-266}, year = {2000}, publisher = {The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)}, issn = {1110-6131}, eissn = {2536-9814}, doi = {10.21608/ejabf.2000.1671}, abstract = {Purified oil and oieo - resin extracts of the Arabian or Somali gum Commiphora molmol (family: Burseraceae) were used as plant molluscicides against the vector snails Biomphalaria alexandrina, Bulinus truncatus and Lymnaea nataiensis. The results indicated that oil extract possesses a higher molluscicidal potency than the oleo-resin. The mortality rate of exposed snails was increased by prolongation of the exposure time. The LC50 values for the oil extract against Lymnaea ncnalertsis were quite lower than (hose utilised with H. alexandrine and B, trunvaius. These values were 5. 4 & 3 ppm. for exposure periods of 24, 48 & 96 hours respectively. Conversely, the oleo - resin extract showed a more pronounced cercaricidal potency than the oil. Total death of cercariae was remarked after 1/4 h of exposure to 10. 5 & 2.5 ppm.}, keywords = {missed}, url = {https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_1671.html}, eprint = {https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_1671_1055cb7ce495aee8da037fbb2593cddf.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {EFFECT OF PROTEIN AND ENERGY LEVELS IN COMMERCIAL DIETS ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF JUVENILE NILE TILAPIA (OREOCHROMIS NILOTICUS)}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries}, volume = {4}, number = {2}, pages = {267-285}, year = {2000}, publisher = {The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)}, issn = {1110-6131}, eissn = {2536-9814}, doi = {10.21608/ejabf.2000.1672}, abstract = {An experiment was carried out to determine the optimum protein to energy ratio for maximum growth, diet utilization and body composition of juvenile Nile tilapia (Qreochromis niloticus) (3,6g initial body weight) raised in glass aquaria. A 4 x 2 factorial design was employed in which eight diets containing 12, 16, 20 or 24% protein each with 245 or 262 kcal metabolizable energy (ME)/I00g were used. Each treatment was replicated in three glass aquaria. Results revealed that. increasing dietary crude protein increased final body weight (FBW) significantly (P < 0.05). Fish that maintained at 20 or 24% protein levels exhibited significantly the greater mean FBW compared to that fed 12% protein. Also, increasing dietary energy significantly (P < 0.05) increased FBW. Interaction between dietary protein and energy indicated that the 20 % protein level with 245 kcal ME/lOOg (81.6 mg P /kcal ME) showed the best P/E ratio for growth and feed utilization. The results also showed that feed intake increased as dietary protein increased, however dietary energy seemed to have no influence on this trait. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was improved as protein increased to 20%. Moreover, no further significant improvements in either FBW or feed utilization were observed as protein and energy increased beyond 20% protein and 245 kcal/lOOg ME. Body protein was increased with increasing dietary protein, while body Jipid and moisture were not affected. On the other hand, increasing dietary energy significantly (P < 0.05) increased lipid contents of the fish body and decreased body moisture but did not affect body protein. Protein efficiency ratio (PER) and protein productive value (PPV) were decreased as dietary protein and energy increased, while energy retention (ER) increased. Based on wreight gain, feed efficiency and body composition data, it could be suggested that 20% dietary crude protein level with 245 kcal/lOOg ME are optimum for Nile tiJapia in glass aquaria, using commercial ingredients.}, keywords = {missed}, url = {https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_1672.html}, eprint = {} } @article { author = {}, title = {تأثير مستويات الدهون ومصادرها في الغذاء علي الاستجابه المناعيه لامهات البلطي النيلي في فصل الشتاء}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries}, volume = {4}, number = {2}, pages = {1-13}, year = {2000}, publisher = {The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)}, issn = {1110-6131}, eissn = {2536-9814}, doi = {10.21608/ejabf.2000.1673}, abstract = {}, keywords = {}, url = {https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_1673.html}, eprint = {https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_1673_954acbadea9d75a68e1f98848edaf698.pdf} }