The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613112220080401Effect of dietary replacement of fish meal by mixture of different plant protein sources on growth performance and some blood parameters of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus116198810.21608/ejabf.2008.1988ENMagdy SoltanDepartment of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Moshtohor, Benha
University, EgyptAhmed Fath El-BabCentral Laboratory for Aquaculture Research at Abassa, Sharkia GovernorateJournal Article20170403This study was designed to determine the maximum replacing levels of fish meal (FM) by a plant protein mixture (PPM) in eight diets for Nile tilapia. The PPM consisted of cottonseed, sunflower, canola, seasme and linseed meals.FM in the basal diet was replaced by PPM in the diets at a replacing levels of 15,30, 45, 60, 75, 90 and 100%. A total number of 480 Nile tilapia were randomly distributed into eight treatments, each in three replicates.After 12 weeks of feeding, results revealed that replacement of 15, 30 or 45% of FM by PPM did not significantly affect feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), and the apparent digestibilities coefficient (ADC) of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and ether extract (EE), while the higher replacing levels (60, 75, 90 or 100%) significantly<br />(P<0.05) reduced these parametesr. Growth parameters were relatively parallel to those of FI, FCR and PER, whereas replacement up to 45% exhibited body weight (BW), body length (BL), weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate<br />(SGR) not differing significantly (P<0.001) from the fish fed on control diet.Compared to control diet, increasing PPM in the diets significantly reduced hemoglobin, hematocrit and increased the activity of alanine aminotransferase<br />(ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). The incorporation of PPM in diets did not significantly affect the whole-body dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP).From economic point of view, replacement of FM by PPM up to 45% in<br />tilapia diets reduced feed costs/kg diet and feed costs/kg weight gain by 11.40 and 6.74%, respectively.The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613112220080401Abundance and Diversity of Coral Reef Fish Larvae at Hurghada,Egyptian Red Sea1733198910.21608/ejabf.2008.1989ENMohamed Abu El-RegalNational Institute of Oceanography & Fisheries, EgyptJournal Article20170403The larvae of coral reef fishes have been studied in Hurghada at the Egyptian Red Sea on exposed and sheltered inshore and offshore sites.Ichthyoplankton samples were taken by plankton net of 0.5 mm mesh size on a monthly basis from January to December 2005. The total abundance of fish larvae at all sites was 1993/1000m3. There were significant differences in larval abundance between sites and months. The sheltered inshore site (H3) showed a significantly higher abundance of all sites, whereas the exposed inshore Abu Sadaf site had the lowest abundance. The most abundant 10 taxa were Atherinomorus lacunosus (Atherinidae), Spratelloides delicatulus (Clupeidae), Gerres oyena (Gerreidae), Hypoatherina temmincki (Atherinidae), Petroscirtes mitratus (Blennidae), Vinciguerria mabahiss (Phosichthyidae), Enneapterygius sp. (Triptrygiidae), Mulloides flavolineatus (Mullidae), Benthosema pterotum(Myctophidae) and Gobiidae, forming about 82.5% of all collected larvae. The most dominant species was Atherinomorus lacunosus, contributing 1٩% of all taxa with a total abundance of ١١٣ larvae/1000m3. Larvae of families Siganidae and Soleidae were the least abundant both with 0.23 larvae/1000m3The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613112220080401Influence of some cological features of the adult fishes on spatial distribution of their larvae near coral reefs at Hurghada, Egyptian Red Sea3550199010.21608/ejabf.2008.1990ENMohamed Abu El-RegalNational Institute of Oceanography & Fisheries, EgyptSalah El-EtrebySuez Canal University, Faculty of science, Marine Science Dept. Ismailia, EgyptMichael ElliottInstitute of Estuarine & Coastal Studies, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK.Ashraf AhmedInstitute of Estuarine & Coastal Studies, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK.Journal Article20170403The distribution of fish larvae near coral reefs can be influenced by physical and biological factors. This paper aims to determine the influence of some ecological features of adult fish on the distribution of their larva stages at offshore and inshore sites. The spawning mode of the adults, their habitats and the depth of water column at which they live were investigated. Fish larval were collected from Hurghada by plankton net of 0.5 mm mesh size from January to<br />December 2005. The Chi square test showed that the distribution of fish larvae in the area was dependent on the spawning mode and neither on the adult habitat nor the depth they live at. The analysis of variance ANOVA indicated that the distribution of larvae of pelagic fishes was significantly different between offshore and inshore sites. The study has provided further information on the distributional patterns of the larvae of coral reef fishes that help to understand<br />the interrelationships among fish species during their larval stages.The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613112220080401Feeding habits of the common sole, Solea vulgaris (Quensel, 1806),from Mediterranean Sea, Port Said, Egypt5161199110.21608/ejabf.2008.1991ENMohammad El-morMarine Science Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, EgyptAshraf AhamedMarine Science Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, EgyptJournal Article20170403Atotal of 550 specimens of Solea vulgaris were collected from monthly catches by trawling net operating on the Port Said Coast on the Mediterranean Sea from January to December 200٦. The annual diet composition, monthly variations in the diet composition and the variations of diet with length and the intensity of feeding were studied. Solea vulgaris feed<br />on a wide variety of prey types, polychaetes, copepods, algae, seagrasses,mollusks and amphipods with frequent quantities of sediments. Polychaetes,copepods were the major food items all year round. Polychaetes and copepods<br />were found in all length groups of Solea vulgaris. They decreased as the size of fish increased, whereas seagrasses and algae increased as the size increased. The diet composition of Solea vulgaris is indicative of a general feeding strategy.<br />The feeding activities were quite high during spring and autumn seasons.The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613112220080401Effect of probiotics and some spices as feed additives on the performance and behaviour of the Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus6380199210.21608/ejabf.2008.1992ENMagdy SoltanDepartment of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, EgyptSaid El-LDepartment of Hygiene, Animal Behavior and Management. Faculty of Veterinary
Medicine, Benha University, EgyptJournal Article20170403Probiotic microbial feed supplements are gaining wide acceptance in livestock production, and may be applicable to aquaculture production systems. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of incorporation of probiotics<br />(Bacillus subtilis and Biogen®), spices (garlic or fennel) and also a combination of B. subtilis with garlic or fennel in the diets of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus.A total of 420 Nile tilapia fry were divided into seven treatments (3 replicates for each treatment) and fed on the experimental diets for 90 days. The basal diet was fomulated to contain 30% CP and 2700 Kcal ME kg-1 and divided into 7 diets. The 1st one as a control diet (D1). The other diets were supplied by the diffeent additives, B. subtilis (D2), 0.2% Biogen® (D3), 1% garlic (D4), 1% fennel (D5),B. subtilis+1% garlic (D6) and B. subtilis+ 1%fennel (D7).Results of the present experiment indicated that, supplementation of the basal diets with probiotics B. subtilis or Biogen® and spices (garlic or fennel)significantly (P<0.01) improved survival rate of Nile tilapia. A combination of B. subtilis and garlic or fennel showed the best fish survival rate but did not significantly differ from those recorded for the diets supplemented with probiotic or spices alone.Feed intake (FI), feed utilization and growth performance of Nile tilapia including final body weight (BW), final body length (BL), weight gain (WG),<br />specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER), were significantly (P<0.01) higher in all treatments than the control diet. The combination of B. subtilis and fennel in tilapia diets showed the best<br />feed utilization (FCR and PER) and the highest growth performance (BW, BL,WG, and SGR) compared to the other treatments.The highest and optimum feeding behaviour among treatments was observed in fish fed on the diet D7, while the lowest feeding behaviour was recorded in fish fed on the control diet (D1). Moreover, the combination of B. subtilis with garlic or fennel improved the feeding behaviour than that observed in fish fed on the diet supplemented with B. subtilis alone. There was no significant difference in agonistic activities amongst fish fed on the different diets supplemented with probiotics or spices and the control diet. Probiotics (B. subtilis or Biogen®) or spices (garlic or fennel) or the combinations of B. subtilis and garlic or fennel in the diets of Nile tilapia significantly (P<0.01) decreased hematocrite (Ht) and reduced the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) while hemoglobin (Hb) showed some variation (but not significant). Dry matter (DM), crude protein(CP) and ether extract (EE) of fish whole-body were significantly (P<0.05) affected by the different treatments compared to control fish group.The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613112220080401Population structure of Octopus defilippi (Verany, 1851) from the Gulf of Suez, Red Sea, Egypt.8191199310.21608/ejabf.2008.1993ENAzza El-GanainyNational Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, B.O. Box 182, Suez, Egypt.Rafik RiadNational Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, B.O. Box 182, Suez, Egypt.Journal Article20170403Octopuses are relatively abundant in the trawl landings of the Gulf of Suez;though they were considered discarded species till 1990's, but currently they have a commercial importance. The population structure and level of<br />exploitation of the Octopus defilippi were studied using the length frequency distribution of samples collected from the Gulf of Suez. Some morphometric relationships were estimated where the mantel length, total weight potential<br />equation was found to be W = 0.7087 L 2.646 for males and W = 0.9118 L 2.3629 for females. The length distribution pattern showed that females reach larger lengths than males. The population appeared to be structured in two cohorts for<br />males and three for females. Growth of both sexes was fast and could be described well by the von Bertalanffy growth formula. The estimated asymptotic length for combined sexes was ML∞ = 9.0 cm and the growth coefficient was K<br />= 0.94 y-1. The overall sex ratio of males to females was 1: 0.5. The total and natural mortality rates were high for both sexes, where the estimated values were Z = 3.341 y-1 and M = 1.43 y-1. The current exploitation ratio (E = 0.57) indicates that the Octopus population in the Gulf of Suez is overexploited.The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613112220080401Species diversity and quantitative distribution of the surgeon fishes (Family: Acanthuridae) along Aqaba Gulf, Red Sea, Egypt.93107199410.21608/ejabf.2008.1994ENMagdy AlwanyDepartment of Marine Science, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University,
Ismailia, EgyptJournal Article20170403This study aims to estimate the diversity and distribution of surgeon fishes (Acanthuridae) on reef flat and slope along Aqaba Gulf, Red Sea. The inner reef flat of Aqaba Gulf is characterized by high non-living substrate, whereas at<br />the middle reef the contributions of living materials are flourished with algae.On the other hand, the outer reef flat and slope are characterized by welldeveloped coral communities. On the Egyptian coast of Aqaba Gulf, the total<br />number of the surgeon fish was 8 species (Acanthurus gahhm, A. nigrofuscus, A.sohal, Ctenochaetus striatus, Naso lituratus, N. unicornis, Zebrasoma desjardinii and Z. xanthurum). A. nigrofuscus and C. striatus were abundant at<br />most sites. The southern sites have the highest number of species, while the northern ones were the lowest. The patterns of habitats play a role in the species distribution of the acanthurids; some preferred the reef flat (A. nigrofuscus, A.<br />sohal and C. striatus), while others preferred the reef slope (A. gahhm, N.lituratus, N. unicornis, Z. desjardinii and Z. xanthurum). Most acanthurids have territories on reefs. A. sohal has large territories on outer reef flat. An analysis of<br />the fish fauna confirmed that there are differences between northern and southern parts of Aqaba Gulf in terms of fish assemblages.The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613112220080401Toxicity of malathion and its effect on the activity of acetylcholinesterase in various tissues of the grass carp, CtenOPharyngodon idella Val.109117199610.21608/ejabf.2008.1996ENSalwa Abou El EllaResearcher in Channel Maintenance Research Institute, National Water Research
Center, Delta Barrage, P.O. Box 13621, Egypt.Journal Article20170403Malathion, a widely used insecticide, is known to cause serious metabolic disturbance in non- target organisms, like fish. Bioassay tests were conducted on the grass carp fish to evaluate the acute toxicity of malathion by determining their LC50 after 24, 48, 72 and 96 h exposure. The safe concentration of this biocide was calculated on the basis of LC50 for 96h. The fish showed characteristic changes in behavior when exposed to various concentrations of malathion with difficulty in respiration, convulsions and short erratic jerky body actions. The sublethal toxic potency of malathion was<br />indicated by inhibiting acetyl cholinesterase activity in the brain, muscle, gill and liver tissues of the grass carp. The changes in acetyl cholinesterase activity in the above tissues were decreased significantly up to 96h. Maximal inhibition<br />of the enzyme was observed at 24 and 48 h intervals. So, by acquiring knowledge of LC50 values of a toxicant, its discharge into nearby water resources may be regulated to protect aquatic life.The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613112220080401Physico -chemical environment of Lake Edku, Egypt119132199710.21608/ejabf.2008.1997ENMagdy KhalilZoology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams UnivSafwat ShakirTexas Gulf Coast Environmental Data (Texged) Center, Prairie View A&M
University,Abd El-Halim SaadZoology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams Univ.Montaser HassanZoology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams Univ.Gamal El ShabrawyNat. Inst. Ocean. & Fish., EgyptJournal Article20170403Lake Edku is one of the northern coastal lakes in Egypt, located at the western part of the Delta Nile. It receives its water from two drains namely: Elkhairy and Berzik drains. The lake is connected to the Mediterranean Sea through a narrow channel, Boughaz El-Meadia, which is opened into Abu Qir Bay, then to the sea. Seven stations were studied to represent three habitats as 1)drainage habitat; 2) lake-sea connection, which is considered the intermediate<br />zone between Lake Edku and the Mediterranean Sea; and 3) the body of Lakehabitat. Physical and chemical parameters such as temperature, turbidity,alkalinity, water pH, salinity, electrical conductivity, water depth, dissolved<br />oxygen (DO), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand(BOD), water hardness and primary productivity were determined during the period from January to December 2004. It was found that many of these<br />ecological factors were impacted seasonally.The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613112220080401Assessment of some water quality characteristics and determination of some heavy metals in Lake Manzala, Egypt133154199810.21608/ejabf.2008.1998ENMohamed AliNational Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20170403Tconcentrations of some heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd) in water of the largest Delta wetlands (Lake Manzala; north of Egypt), in relation to some water quality characteristics were investigated. Samples were<br />collected from ten stations covering the whole lake area through twelve successive cruises that commenced in January 2004 and ended in December 2004.The obtained results declared that, the agricultural and domestic sewage<br />drained into the lake from urban and rural lands have an adverse effects of water quality characteristics of the lake. Nowadays, there are huge amount of treated sewage from Bahr El-Baqr drain discharged into the lake, but the water quality still undergoes a severe deterioration. The most studied parameters; especially nutrient salts and heavy metals varied in wide range, increased in the southern region and decreased towards north eastern part of the lake. Contrarily, salinity, chloride, sulphate and major cations decreased in the south and increased in north eastern part. Heavy metals discharged into the lake create a serious environmental problems, where the levels of iron, manganese, lead and cadmium are exceeded the universal guidelines for water quality established by Environmental Protection Agency. The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613112220080401تأثير إحلال مسحوق السمک بمخلوط بروتين نباتي علي أداء النمو وبعض معايير الدم لأسماک البلطي النيلي111200010.21608/ejabf.2008.2000ENJournal Article20170403