The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613117120130101Zebrafish ABCC5 gene expression in relation to metallic contamination and presence of Tubifex worms112215110.21608/ejabf.2013.2151ENDalia SabriBiotechnology Research Center (BRC), Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt.Tarik RabieDepartment of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt.Ashraf AhmedDepartment of Marine Science, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt.Saad ZakariaDepartment of Marine Science, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt.Jean- BourdineaudBordeaux University, CNRS, UMR EPOC 5805, Arcachon Marine Station, Arcachon 33120, France.Journal Article20170404The impact of contaminated sediment with copper and cadmium on the expression of ABCC5 gene expression in Zebrafish Danio rerio was studied after seven days of exposure. Also the effect of Tubifex worms as bioturbator organism on the gene expression was investigated. Expression of ABCC5 gene was estimated in Zebrafish brain, gills, muscles and digestive tract tissues in four different experimental conditions. The highest expression for ABCC5 gene was found in brain samples of all tested groups, while the gene expression in gills didn’t show any significant change in all groups. Presence of Cu and Cd had led to a significant increase in the expression of ABCC5 gene in brain and digestive tract samples. Surprisingly, in presence of Tubifex worms, expression of the same gene was higher in zebrafish tissues than expression in normal condition in absence of Tubifex worms. The only exception was in gills tissues, where a lower expression was detected.https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_2151_f0f8a1aa2e2dc1da844663c46c13321d.pdfThe Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613117120130101Effect of certain pesticides on the fragility of erythrocyte stabilization and lysis (In Vitro).1319215210.21608/ejabf.2013.2152ENEl-Dukaly Abo-JanahDept. of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts Mislata / University of El-Mergeb, LybiaJournal Article20170404The effect of four pesticides on erythrocyte membrane was investigated herein. This was attempted by studying their lytic or antilytic effects on erythrocytes (Red Blood Cells) of human and fish blood in critical hypotonic saline media. The insecticides used are representatives of four major groups; organochlorines (Lindane); Pyrethroids (Decamethrin); Carbamates (methomyl) and Organophosphorus (Malathion). These insecticides were tested at concentration range of (10-12–10-4 M).The first two compounds exert antilytic effect on both types of erythrocyte (RBCs) by preventing disruption of the membrane and increased its integrity in hypotonic solution. The order of effect was Decamethrin > Lindane. On the other hand, cell lysis was observed with the other two compounds with the order of effect, Malathion > methomyl. The latter effect was attributed to the disruption of the cell membrane by such insecticides.<br />Furthermore, the antilytic as well as lytic effects depend to large extent on the molar concentration of the insecticide.https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_2152_0b91eb1b752ad1a97c6215bfce629edb.pdfThe Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613117120130101Induction of mono-sex (male tilapia) population by inter-specific hybridization and hormonalsex revesal of Nile tilapia.2333215310.21608/ejabf.2013.2153ENNabil Abd Al-HakimAnimal Production Dept. faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, CairoMohsen SalehAnimal Production Dept. faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, CairoAhmed HegaziAquaculture Department, faculty of Fish Resources, Suez canal University, Suez, EgyptAlAzab TahounAquaculture Department, faculty of Fish Resources, Suez canal University, Suez, EgyptAyman IbrahimAquaculture Department, faculty of Fish Resources, Suez canal University, Suez, EgyptKhalfalla AlyAnimal Production Dept. faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, CairoJournal Article20170404The present study. was planned with the aim to determine the optimal dose of oral administration of the androgen 17-α methyl testosterone (MT) for effective sex reversal, of Nile tilapia as well as comparing growth performance and feed utilization, proximate body composition and human food safety of hybrid blue tilapia Oreochromis aures X O. niloticus (T1), normal (T2) and sex reversed Nile tilapia, O. niloticus (T3 , T4 and T5). All treatment groups that received androgen, 17 α methyl testosterone (MT) showed sex reversal in Oreochromis niloticus, with a significantly higher male proportion than female as compared to the control. The dose level of oral administration of 60 mg MT/ kg of feed for 28 days to Oreochromis niloticus resulted in maximum male sex ratio. The treatment groups (T2), that received 60 mg MT for 28 days exhibited the best feed utilization in terms of FCR, PER, PPV% and EU% and in turn growth performance in terms of AFW, AWG, ADG, SGR (%/ day)and survival rates. With regard to hman food safety, tilapias rapidly excrete ingested hormone, with MT levels falling to less than 1% within 100 hours of withdrawing MT. Thus MT was not detectable in adult tilapias, which require a grow-out period of at least five to eight months to reach international marketable size.<br />From the results of the present study it can be concluded that, the use of 60 mg/ kg MT produced statistically higher male sex percentage when done for 28 days post hatch with efficient feed and protein utilization and in turn attaining higher growth performance, survival rates and human safetyhttps://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_2153_3f77ad4e5c05086531c6ae297d142f51.pdfThe Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613117120130101Studies on fertilization sources with artificial feeds on productivity of earthen ponds stocked with different fish species3553215510.21608/ejabf.2013.2155ENNabil Abdel-HakimDepartment of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture. Al-Azhar University Cairo, Egypt.Al-Desoki Al-AzabDepartment of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture. Al-Azhar University Cairo, Egypt.H Asan AllamDepartment of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture. Al-Azhar University Cairo, Egypt.Mohammed El-WahshDepartment of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture. Al-Azhar University Cairo, Egypt.Adel ToulanCentral Laboratory for Aquaculture Research, Agriculture Research Center, Abbassa, Sharkia, Egypt.Journal Article20170404The present study was carried out at a private fish farm at Tolombat 7 site Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate, Egypt. The study was performed for 140 days during the period from 5Th July to 27Th November 2010. The study aimed to investigate the effect of different fertilization and feeding systems on growth performance; feed and Nitrogen utilization; whole body chemical composition; water quality; plankton abundance; some blood parameters and economic evaluation of earthen ponds cultured with different fish species in polyculture system. The experimental ponds were stocked with 4000 Nile tilapia (O. niloticus) fingerlings with an average initial weight of 17.18g; 500 Common carp (C. carpio) fingerlings initial weight of 16.50g; 750 Bouri (Mugil cephalus) fingerlings initial weight of 21.43 g; and 750 Tobara (Liza ramada) fingerlings with initial weight of 15.9 g in ten earthen ponds with dimentions of 21 x 100 m. each i.e. 1/2 fadden. Five treatments with two replicates each, were applied as follows: The 1st treatment (T1) was fed only on a commercial fish feed (25% protein), where the daily allowance of the fish was calculated as 3 % of fish biomass/day for 6 days a week. The 2nd treatment (T2) ponds were fed on the same artificial feed and fertilized with poultry manure at a rate of 32.5 kg /pond weekly. The 3rd treatment (T3) was fed on the artificial feed and fertilized with poultry manure (32.5 kg /pond weekly) and 1 kg urea plus 4 kg triple super phosphate /pond weekly. The 4th treatment (T4) received the artificial feed and fertilized with 1 kg urea plus 4 kg triple super phosphate/pond weekly. The 5th treatment (T5) was fertilized by poultry manure 32.5 kg and 1 kg urea plus 4 kg triple super phosphate /pond weekly without artificial feeds.<br />Results revealed that the highest (P<0.05) final weights and length, weight gain, length gain, daily weight gain, specific growth rate, relative growth rate and gross yield were recorded with T3 in all tested fish species compared to the other treatments, while T5 recorded the highest (P<0.05) condition factor in Nile tilapia, Common carp and Tobara and T2 recorded the highest (P<0.05) condition factor in Bouri. The best (lowest) feed conversion ratio was recorded with T4 followed by T3; T1 and T2, respectively, while T5 recorded no results of FCR, thus it received no artificial feed. Nitrogen utilization (N output/ N input) averages were 35.56; 32.18; 33.81; 35.90 and 116.40 for T1; T2; T3; T4 and T5, respectively. The applied treatments showed significant effects on whole fish body composition (protein, ether extracts, ash, NFE and gross body energy contents in all fish species tested. The treatment T3 recorded the highest total phytoplankton counts (org /ml) followed in a decreasing order by T2; T4; T5 and T1, respectively. The same trend was observed with total zooplankton and total plankton counts. The highest (P<0.05) total fish yield per pond was recorded by T3, followed in a significant decreasing order by T 2; T4 ; T1 and T5, respectively. The economical study showed that treatment T3 resulted in the highest return to cost followed in a decreasing order by treatments (4,2, 1and 5),
respectively. The applied treatments showed significant effects on blood Hematological parameters (Hemoglobin-Hb g/d; RBC x106/ml; WBC x103/ml; Hematocrit Ht %) and Serum components (Total protein g/dl; Albumin g/dl; Globulin g/l; Glucose mg/l; Cholesterol mg %; Triglycerides mg/l; ALT u/ml and AST u/ml) in all fish species tested.<br />Based on the results obtained in the present study applying the earthen ponds polyculture system (Nile tilapia, Common carp and Mullet species) could be recommended using artificial feeding and fertilizing with poultry manure plus urea<br />and triple super phosphate for the highest net returns under Egyptian conditions.https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_2155_31ec880562b2dbf2c1cca75b3cb2d0ce.pdfThe Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613117120130101Effect of freshwater toxic and non toxic cyanobacteria, (Microcystis aeruginosa) strains on some biochemical parameters of Oreochromis niloticus5568215610.21608/ejabf.2013.2156ENMohamed MarzoukFish diseases and management Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, EgyptMohamed MostafaFish diseases and management Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, EgyptNabil IbrahimWorldFish Center, Regional Center for Africa and West Asia, Abbassa, Abou-
Hammad,Sharkia, Egypt.Mahmoud SharafFish diseases and management Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, EgyptJournal Article20170404Thirty six all male Oreochromis niloticus were divided into two groups, using six glass aquaria. The treated group was fed on a toxic strain of M. aeruginosa, while the control group was fed on a non toxic strain of M. aeruginosa, in order to measure their grazing rates from both strains of M. aeruginosa and consequently its effect on general fish health represented by, clinical signs, hematological changes and biochemical parameters. Grazing rates and daily intake of M. aeruginosa showed close grazing rates between the treated and the control groups with slightly higher<br />intake of non toxic strain than the toxic one were the individual intake was 63,050 and 62,567 cell/ml/fish respectively. Clinical signs in O. niloticus associated with exposure to toxic cyanobacteria were investigated. The observed clinical signs were sluggish movement and reduced reflexes during the late stages of exposure period.Plasma glucose, cortisol, T4, creatinine and AST showed higher concentrations in the treated group than that in the control, indicating on increased fish stress that was reflected in its health state and consequently its performance. On the opposite side, plasma total protein concentration was higher in the control than that in treated group. The hematocrit, plasma albumin, LDH and Alkaline phosphatase concentrations did not show any significant difference in both groups. The study concluded that the<br />uptake of toxic strain of M. aeruginosa via oral route had deleterious effects on some clinical and biochemical parameters of the blood of Nile tilapia which led finally affected the fish health. The study recommendations include prevention and<br />monitoring of organic and inorganic pollution that promote the harmful algal blooms,and take the early preventive measures to avoid toxic effects of cyanobacteria on fish and consequently on humanshttps://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_2156_9a906012feb2dc848555050713abe43a.pdfThe Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613117120130101Effect of the filter-feeder silver carp on the water quality of fertilized earthen ponds and Nile tilapia production6979215710.21608/ejabf.2013.2157ENNabil IbrahimWorld Fish Center, Regional Center for Africa and West Asia, Abbassa, Abou-
Hammad, Sharkia, EgyptJournal Article20170404The objective of this study is to test the effect of silver carp on water quality and tilapia yield. This work was conducted in six 1000 m2 earthen ponds which randomly assigned to two treatments. The first treatment was the cultivation of Nile tilapia with silver carp and the second was the cultivation of Nile tilapia alone without silver carp.<br />All ponds were fertilized for the first three months with cow manure, urea and superphosphate to maintain a level of 2 mg N/L and 0.5 mg P/L in pond waters. Water samples were collected weekly and analyzed for temperature, DO, pH, Chl. “a”, avail. P, NO3, NH4, NH3, T. Alk., and T. Hard. Two-way ANOVA results indicated that the<br />effect of the experimental period was the most important source of variation for the water quality parameters and it was responsible for 47 – 100 % of the variability for most of water quality parameters. The results also revealed that the presence of silver carp led to about 57% reduction of the chlorophyll concentration in the water column.<br />Silver carp also was significantly responsible for 38 % of the variability of the total alkalinity concentrations and for 5-26 % of the total variability for pH, available phosphorus, ammonium, ammonia and total hardness however it was not significant. The results of factor analysis indicated that combined two factors (photosynthesis vs.<br />respiration and pond fertilization) accounted for 40% of the total variability explained by the ANOVA model. The presence of silver carp reduced tilapia production by about 10%, but it increased the total fish production which in turn resulted in 25% higher net profit (1009 LE/ha) than that in the case of absence of silver carp, which appeared also in the B/C ratio of about 28% greater with the presence of silver carp than its absence. The stocking density of silver carp used in this study was not enough to obtain all benefits of cultivating silver carp with other fish species, therefore further<br />trials are needed with different stocking densities.https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_2157_6c7c5890d7d5174cd5d37746f6718475.pdfThe Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613117120130101Effect of stocking density and probiotic dietary supplementation on growth performance, feed conversion and survival of postlarvae of the freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii)8190215810.21608/ejabf.2013.2158ENNabil Abdel-HakimDepartment of Animal production, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, EgyptHasan AllamDepartment of Animal production, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, EgyptAl-Desoki Al-AzabDepartment of Animal production, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.Ahmed GewidaDepartment of Animal production, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20170404The present study was conducted at the Fish Hatchery Saft Khalid, Behera Governorate, Egypt, for two months in order to investigate the effect of stocking density and probiotic (Ecobiol Aqua) dietary supplementation on growth<br />performance, feed utilization, survival rate and whole body chemical composition of postlarvae of the freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) of an initial weight 0.161g. reared in indoor nursery concrete tanks. A total number of 1350 postlarvae freshwater prawns were divided randomly into 18 concrete tanks (1 m2 area each) to represent three stocking densities (50; 75 and 100 PL/m2) with or without probiotic supplementation in three replicates each treatment. The experimental prawns were fed during the experimental period (8 weeks) on a diet contained 37.5% crude protein<br />5times/day at a rate related to the development stage. The treatments applied were D1A; D2A; D3A; D1B; D2B and D3B i.e. densities 50; 75 and 100 animals/m2 without probiotic and densities 50; 75 and 100 animals/m2 with supplemental probiotics, respectively. Results obtained are summarized in the following:<br />1- Water quality parameters tested were within the permissible levels<br />recommended for optimum growth and development of freshwater prawn.<br />2- Both densities D1 and D2 (50 and 75animals/m2) recorded significantly<br />(p<0.05) higher final weights; total weight gains; specific and relative growth<br />rates compared to the highest density, regardless of the probiotic effect.<br />3- Probiotic supplementation had insignificant effects on final weight; total<br />weight gain; specific and relative growth rates, regardless of stocking density.<br />4- Within each stocking density supplementing the diets of freshwater prawn<br />with probiotic improved the survival rate and the improvements were more<br />pronounced at the lower stocking densities.<br />5- The best feed conversion ratio (FCR) (the lowest) was recorded by D1A group<br />(p<0.05) followed by D2B; D1B; D2A; D3B and D3A, respectively.<br />6- Neither stocking density nor probiotic supplementation released any<br />significant effects on whole body chemical composition of freshwater prawn.<br />Based on the obtained results, the optimum stocking density of postlarvae M.<br />rosenbergii laid between 50 to 75animals/m2 and increasing the stocking density<br />more than75/m2 had negative effects on growth performance parameters. Also the<br />results obtained may lead us to recommend the supplementation of probiotic<br />(Ecobiol Aqua) to postlarvae M. rosenbergii diets in order to improve the survival<br />rate during the nursery period.https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_2158_cd449411b80d567ec55cf91c967139c5.pdfThe Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613117120130101Effects of partial and total substitution of fish meal with corn gluten meal on growth performance, nutrients utilization and some blood constituents of the Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus91100215910.21608/ejabf.2013.2159ENAtaalla MetwalliNational Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Shakshouk Fish Research
Station, El -Fayoum, Egypt.Journal Article20170404The present study was conducted to evaluate partial or total substitution of fish<br />meal with corn gluten meal and its effects on growth performance, nutrients<br />utilization and blood characteristics of fingerling tilapia. Four isonitrogenous diets<br />were formulated to contain (30.16±0.08 Crude protein) with different inclusion levels<br />(D0, D50, D75 and D100% corn gluten meal). Fish were fed on on the artificial diets<br />at a rate of 3% of the fish biomass daily divided into two equal portions. Fingerlings<br />tilapia with an initial weight of 6.65±0.2g were distributed in concrete tanks as 225<br />juveniles in each triplicate tank of 9m3 volume to represent 4 dietary treatments in<br />triplicates. The experimental period lasted 105 days after start. The results showed<br />significant differences (P<0.05) in growth performance and feed conversion ratio<br />between diets. The highest performance in terms of (final weight, weight gain,<br />average daily gain, specific growth rate, condition factor, feed conversion ratio,<br />protein efficiency ratio, and protein productive value and Hepatosomatic index) were<br />obtained with the C0, C50 and C50%, respectively, without significance difference<br />between them. The inclusion of 100% corn gluten meal showed significant<br />differences (P<0.05) with decreased growth performance and feed efficiency<br />compared to the other tested diets. No significance difference (P<0.05) in whole body<br />chemical composition (dry matter, crude protein, crude lipid and ash) was observed<br />between fish fed on on all experimental diets. The blood parameters did not vary<br />significantly by dietary treatments. The results of the present study indicated that, the<br />inclusion of up to 75% corn gluten meal level as low cost plant protein instead of fish<br />meal can be utilized in tilapia diets without adverse effects on growth performance,<br />feed efficiency and blood characteristics.https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_2159_5a5c62f86030288a072d52212e952a56.pdfThe Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613117120130101Impact of environmental parameters on fish condition and quality in Lake Edku,Egypt101112216010.21608/ejabf.2013.2160ENSamir SaeedCentral Lab. for Aquaculture Research, Agricultural Research Center. Limnology
dept., Egypt.Journal Article20170404This study was carried out between May 2011 and February 2012 in order to<br />determine the effect of environmental parameters on physical and chemical quality of<br />water, fish condition as well as fish quality in Lake Edku. Fish condition; lengthweight<br />relation, condition factor and hepatosomatic index of three cichlid species (O.<br />niloticus, O. aureus and T. zillii) were studied. Also, fish quality as heavy metals<br />accumulation and proximate body composition for muscle tissue of these species were<br />estimated. Physico-chemical parameters were in normal ranges for fish culture and<br />revealed that the lake water showed differences among different seasons.<br />Concentrations of metals in fish muscles have been changed seasonally with higher<br />values recorded during autumn and winter. However, these concentrations are still in<br />the safety permissible levels for human consumption. The best condition and<br />proximate body composition of fish were recorded in spring and winter seasons.<br />According to the results of this study, the most important environmental parameters<br />affecting water characteristics, fish condition and quality in Lake Edku were water<br />temperature, nutrients and drainage water discharged into the lake.https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_2160_0051023523c457abf22ea974b09b628c.pdfThe Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613117120130101Biological studies on the filefish Setphanolepis diaspros, Fraser-Brunner, 1940 (Monacanthidae) from the Gulf of Suez, Egpyt113121216110.21608/ejabf.2013.2161ENAzza El-GanainyNational Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), B.O. Box 182, Suez, EgyptManal SabrahNational Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), B.O. Box 182, Suez, EgyptJournal Article20170404The reproductive characteristics and stomach contents of the filefish Stephanolepis diaspros were investigated in the Gulf of Suez during the period from 2004 to 2007. The overall sex ratio of males to females was estimated as1.00: 0.18,<br />where females were represented in small sizes (8.0- 16.0 cm), while males largely outnumber females up to the length interval of 16.0- 26.0 cm. The monthly average values of gonad weight percentages and monthly different maturity stages showed that the species spawns during summer with intensive spawning in May. The length at first<br />sexual maturity was estimated at 9.5 cm for males and 8.5 cm for females. The diet of file fish consisted of a wide variety of items, dominated by crustaceans and mollusks. Algae, echinoderms, coelenterates and fish remains were also demonstrated in the stomachs. Sponges, hydrozoans, foraminifera and Bryozoa were also preyed by the file fish. The maximum feeding intensity was attained in spring, while the minimum was observed during summer (June to September) https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_2161_1bb2e4cb109674a8cdf159a110c0a6b2.pdfThe Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613117120130101Morphological adaptations of digestive tract according to food and feeding habits of the broomtail wrasse, Cheilinus lunulatus123141216210.21608/ejabf.2013.2162ENHassan Khalaf AllahMarine Biology & Ichthyology section, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science,
Al-Azhar University, CairoJournal Article20170404The present study deals with the morphological adaptations of digestive tract according to food and feeding habits of the broomtail wrasse, Cheilinus lunulatus. The highest rate of feeding activity was recorded during spring and the lowest during summer. In the older and younger fish, the rates of feeding activity are nearly similar.<br />The fish is mainly carnivorous benthic feeder. This fish plays an important role as a predator of invertebrates of reef fauna. It consumes a wide range of animal food. Molluscs, echinoderms and small fishes were the main food items consumed by these fish. Molluscs increased and echinoderms decreased in the food with the increasing length of the fish.<br />The mouth is relatively large, terminal in position, usually with prominent lips. Jaws are extremely protrusible to make the fish able to get food between branches of coral reef. The jaws teeth are conical canine in shape and composed of outer uni-serial pointed teeth. Two enlarged teeth are present in the front of the upper and lower jaws.<br />They are specialized for catching and holding the prey and preventing its escape out of the buccal cavity. The pharyngeal teeth are molar in shape with blunt or round edge and arranged in two rows, usually 7 - 17 in each row of the floor. The teeth in the roof are developed and haphazard distributed. These molariform teeth are adapted for crushing and grinding of hard body preys. 11 gill rakers are present on the bowshaped gill arch and conical in shape with tapering tips adapted for binding the prey. Oesophagus is a short muscular distensible tube with few number of large mucosal folds adapted for facilitating conduction of food to the stomach. The Jshaped stomach is of the siphon type with large number of small mucosal folds adapted for food retention to be digested. The intestine is a short uncomplicated tube which recognized by the presence of ileo-rectal valve modified to prevent the passage of food particles into the posterior part before intestinal digestion and absorption is completed. It contains very large number of mucosal folds adapted for facilitating<br />lubrication of feces towards the anus https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_2162_6c80fabdb0f682f5fc016f691a6f2b7f.pdfThe Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries1110-613117120130101Status of fisheries resources of bitter lakes, Suez Canal, Egypt19216310.21608/ejabf.2013.2163ENAshraf AhmedMarine Science Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, 41522Asmaa El-KaramanyMarine Science Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, 41522Journal Article20170404In this study, the Fisheries database were collected from GADFR (2007) and interviews with fishermen to throw a light on fisheries resources in the environment of Bitter lakes. Fishing boats, gears, number of fishermen and catch. The total catch of 2007 was 3090919 kg and the highest catch value was in summer, whereas the minimum catch value was in winter. The study gives new insight for a better understanding the fisheries of the study area and help decision makers to make proper<br />management of the Bitter Lakes.https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_2163_20596e7a4e53ca1ad0ed2bbc6e40bb1d.pdf