Zebrafish ABCC5 gene expression in relation to metallic contamination and presence of Tubifex worms
Dalia
Sabri
Biotechnology Research Center (BRC), Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt.
author
Tarik
Rabie
Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt.
author
Ashraf
Ahmed
Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt.
author
Saad
Zakaria
Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt.
author
Jean-
Bourdineaud
Bordeaux University, CNRS, UMR EPOC 5805, Arcachon Marine Station, Arcachon 33120, France.
author
text
article
2013
eng
The impact of contaminated sediment with copper and cadmium on the expression of ABCC5 gene expression in Zebrafish Danio rerio was studied after seven days of exposure. Also the effect of Tubifex worms as bioturbator organism on the gene expression was investigated. Expression of ABCC5 gene was estimated in Zebrafish brain, gills, muscles and digestive tract tissues in four different experimental conditions. The highest expression for ABCC5 gene was found in brain samples of all tested groups, while the gene expression in gills didn’t show any significant change in all groups. Presence of Cu and Cd had led to a significant increase in the expression of ABCC5 gene in brain and digestive tract samples. Surprisingly, in presence of Tubifex worms, expression of the same gene was higher in zebrafish tissues than expression in normal condition in absence of Tubifex worms. The only exception was in gills tissues, where a lower expression was detected.
Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries
The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)
1110-6131
17
v.
1
no.
2013
1
12
https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_2151_f0f8a1aa2e2dc1da844663c46c13321d.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ejabf.2013.2151
Effect of certain pesticides on the fragility of erythrocyte stabilization and lysis (In Vitro).
El-Dukaly
Abo-Janah
Dept. of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts Mislata / University of El-Mergeb, Lybia
author
text
article
2013
eng
The effect of four pesticides on erythrocyte membrane was investigated herein. This was attempted by studying their lytic or antilytic effects on erythrocytes (Red Blood Cells) of human and fish blood in critical hypotonic saline media. The insecticides used are representatives of four major groups; organochlorines (Lindane); Pyrethroids (Decamethrin); Carbamates (methomyl) and Organophosphorus (Malathion). These insecticides were tested at concentration range of (10-12–10-4 M).The first two compounds exert antilytic effect on both types of erythrocyte (RBCs) by preventing disruption of the membrane and increased its integrity in hypotonic solution. The order of effect was Decamethrin > Lindane. On the other hand, cell lysis was observed with the other two compounds with the order of effect, Malathion > methomyl. The latter effect was attributed to the disruption of the cell membrane by such insecticides.Furthermore, the antilytic as well as lytic effects depend to large extent on the molar concentration of the insecticide.
Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries
The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)
1110-6131
17
v.
1
no.
2013
13
19
https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_2152_0b91eb1b752ad1a97c6215bfce629edb.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ejabf.2013.2152
Induction of mono-sex (male tilapia) population by inter-specific hybridization and hormonalsex revesal of Nile tilapia.
Nabil
abd Al-Hakim
Animal Production Dept. faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo
author
Mohsen
Saleh
Animal Production Dept. faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo
author
Ahmed
hegazi
Aquaculture Department, faculty of Fish Resources, Suez canal University, Suez, Egypt
author
AlAzab
Tahoun
Aquaculture Department, faculty of Fish Resources, Suez canal University, Suez, Egypt
author
Ayman
Ibrahim
Aquaculture Department, faculty of Fish Resources, Suez canal University, Suez, Egypt
author
Khalfalla
Aly
Animal Production Dept. faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo
author
text
article
2013
eng
The present study. was planned with the aim to determine the optimal dose of oral administration of the androgen 17-α methyl testosterone (MT) for effective sex reversal, of Nile tilapia as well as comparing growth performance and feed utilization, proximate body composition and human food safety of hybrid blue tilapia Oreochromis aures X O. niloticus (T1), normal (T2) and sex reversed Nile tilapia, O. niloticus (T3 , T4 and T5). All treatment groups that received androgen, 17 α methyl testosterone (MT) showed sex reversal in Oreochromis niloticus, with a significantly higher male proportion than female as compared to the control. The dose level of oral administration of 60 mg MT/ kg of feed for 28 days to Oreochromis niloticus resulted in maximum male sex ratio. The treatment groups (T2), that received 60 mg MT for 28 days exhibited the best feed utilization in terms of FCR, PER, PPV% and EU% and in turn growth performance in terms of AFW, AWG, ADG, SGR (%/ day)and survival rates. With regard to hman food safety, tilapias rapidly excrete ingested hormone, with MT levels falling to less than 1% within 100 hours of withdrawing MT. Thus MT was not detectable in adult tilapias, which require a grow-out period of at least five to eight months to reach international marketable size.From the results of the present study it can be concluded that, the use of 60 mg/ kg MT produced statistically higher male sex percentage when done for 28 days post hatch with efficient feed and protein utilization and in turn attaining higher growth performance, survival rates and human safety
Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries
The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)
1110-6131
17
v.
1
no.
2013
23
33
https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_2153_3f77ad4e5c05086531c6ae297d142f51.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ejabf.2013.2153
Studies on fertilization sources with artificial feeds on productivity of earthen ponds stocked with different fish species
Nabil
Abdel-Hakim
Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture. Al-Azhar University Cairo, Egypt.
author
Al-Desoki
Al-Azab
Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture. Al-Azhar University Cairo, Egypt.
author
H asan
Allam
Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture. Al-Azhar University Cairo, Egypt.
author
Mohammed
El-Wahsh
Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture. Al-Azhar University Cairo, Egypt.
author
Adel
Toulan
Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research, Agriculture Research Center, Abbassa, Sharkia, Egypt.
author
text
article
2013
eng
The present study was carried out at a private fish farm at Tolombat 7 site Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate, Egypt. The study was performed for 140 days during the period from 5Th July to 27Th November 2010. The study aimed to investigate the effect of different fertilization and feeding systems on growth performance; feed and Nitrogen utilization; whole body chemical composition; water quality; plankton abundance; some blood parameters and economic evaluation of earthen ponds cultured with different fish species in polyculture system. The experimental ponds were stocked with 4000 Nile tilapia (O. niloticus) fingerlings with an average initial weight of 17.18g; 500 Common carp (C. carpio) fingerlings initial weight of 16.50g; 750 Bouri (Mugil cephalus) fingerlings initial weight of 21.43 g; and 750 Tobara (Liza ramada) fingerlings with initial weight of 15.9 g in ten earthen ponds with dimentions of 21 x 100 m. each i.e. 1/2 fadden. Five treatments with two replicates each, were applied as follows: The 1st treatment (T1) was fed only on a commercial fish feed (25% protein), where the daily allowance of the fish was calculated as 3 % of fish biomass/day for 6 days a week. The 2nd treatment (T2) ponds were fed on the same artificial feed and fertilized with poultry manure at a rate of 32.5 kg /pond weekly. The 3rd treatment (T3) was fed on the artificial feed and fertilized with poultry manure (32.5 kg /pond weekly) and 1 kg urea plus 4 kg triple super phosphate /pond weekly. The 4th treatment (T4) received the artificial feed and fertilized with 1 kg urea plus 4 kg triple super phosphate/pond weekly. The 5th treatment (T5) was fertilized by poultry manure 32.5 kg and 1 kg urea plus 4 kg triple super phosphate /pond weekly without artificial feeds.Results revealed that the highest (P<0.05) final weights and length, weight gain, length gain, daily weight gain, specific growth rate, relative growth rate and gross yield were recorded with T3 in all tested fish species compared to the other treatments, while T5 recorded the highest (P<0.05) condition factor in Nile tilapia, Common carp and Tobara and T2 recorded the highest (P<0.05) condition factor in Bouri. The best (lowest) feed conversion ratio was recorded with T4 followed by T3; T1 and T2, respectively, while T5 recorded no results of FCR, thus it received no artificial feed. Nitrogen utilization (N output/ N input) averages were 35.56; 32.18; 33.81; 35.90 and 116.40 for T1; T2; T3; T4 and T5, respectively. The applied treatments showed significant effects on whole fish body composition (protein, ether extracts, ash, NFE and gross body energy contents in all fish species tested. The treatment T3 recorded the highest total phytoplankton counts (org /ml) followed in a decreasing order by T2; T4; T5 and T1, respectively. The same trend was observed with total zooplankton and total plankton counts. The highest (P<0.05) total fish yield per pond was recorded by T3, followed in a significant decreasing order by T 2; T4 ; T1 and T5, respectively. The economical study showed that treatment T3 resulted in the highest return to cost followed in a decreasing order by treatments (4,2, 1and 5),
respectively. The applied treatments showed significant effects on blood Hematological parameters (Hemoglobin-Hb g/d; RBC x106/ml; WBC x103/ml; Hematocrit Ht %) and Serum components (Total protein g/dl; Albumin g/dl; Globulin g/l; Glucose mg/l; Cholesterol mg %; Triglycerides mg/l; ALT u/ml and AST u/ml) in all fish species tested.Based on the results obtained in the present study applying the earthen ponds polyculture system (Nile tilapia, Common carp and Mullet species) could be recommended using artificial feeding and fertilizing with poultry manure plus ureaand triple super phosphate for the highest net returns under Egyptian conditions.
Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries
The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)
1110-6131
17
v.
1
no.
2013
35
53
https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_2155_31ec880562b2dbf2c1cca75b3cb2d0ce.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ejabf.2013.2155
Effect of freshwater toxic and non toxic cyanobacteria, (Microcystis aeruginosa) strains on some biochemical parameters of Oreochromis niloticus
Mohamed
Marzouk
Fish diseases and management Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
author
Mohamed
Mostafa
Fish diseases and management Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
author
Nabil
Ibrahim
WorldFish Center, Regional Center for Africa and West Asia, Abbassa, Abou-
Hammad,Sharkia, Egypt.
author
Mahmoud
Sharaf
Fish diseases and management Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
author
text
article
2013
eng
Thirty six all male Oreochromis niloticus were divided into two groups, using six glass aquaria. The treated group was fed on a toxic strain of M. aeruginosa, while the control group was fed on a non toxic strain of M. aeruginosa, in order to measure their grazing rates from both strains of M. aeruginosa and consequently its effect on general fish health represented by, clinical signs, hematological changes and biochemical parameters. Grazing rates and daily intake of M. aeruginosa showed close grazing rates between the treated and the control groups with slightly higherintake of non toxic strain than the toxic one were the individual intake was 63,050 and 62,567 cell/ml/fish respectively. Clinical signs in O. niloticus associated with exposure to toxic cyanobacteria were investigated. The observed clinical signs were sluggish movement and reduced reflexes during the late stages of exposure period.Plasma glucose, cortisol, T4, creatinine and AST showed higher concentrations in the treated group than that in the control, indicating on increased fish stress that was reflected in its health state and consequently its performance. On the opposite side, plasma total protein concentration was higher in the control than that in treated group. The hematocrit, plasma albumin, LDH and Alkaline phosphatase concentrations did not show any significant difference in both groups. The study concluded that theuptake of toxic strain of M. aeruginosa via oral route had deleterious effects on some clinical and biochemical parameters of the blood of Nile tilapia which led finally affected the fish health. The study recommendations include prevention andmonitoring of organic and inorganic pollution that promote the harmful algal blooms,and take the early preventive measures to avoid toxic effects of cyanobacteria on fish and consequently on humans
Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries
The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)
1110-6131
17
v.
1
no.
2013
55
68
https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_2156_9a906012feb2dc848555050713abe43a.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ejabf.2013.2156
Effect of the filter-feeder silver carp on the water quality of fertilized earthen ponds and Nile tilapia production
Nabil
Ibrahim
World Fish Center, Regional Center for Africa and West Asia, Abbassa, Abou-
Hammad, Sharkia, Egypt
author
text
article
2013
eng
The objective of this study is to test the effect of silver carp on water quality and tilapia yield. This work was conducted in six 1000 m2 earthen ponds which randomly assigned to two treatments. The first treatment was the cultivation of Nile tilapia with silver carp and the second was the cultivation of Nile tilapia alone without silver carp.All ponds were fertilized for the first three months with cow manure, urea and superphosphate to maintain a level of 2 mg N/L and 0.5 mg P/L in pond waters. Water samples were collected weekly and analyzed for temperature, DO, pH, Chl. “a”, avail. P, NO3, NH4, NH3, T. Alk., and T. Hard. Two-way ANOVA results indicated that theeffect of the experimental period was the most important source of variation for the water quality parameters and it was responsible for 47 – 100 % of the variability for most of water quality parameters. The results also revealed that the presence of silver carp led to about 57% reduction of the chlorophyll concentration in the water column.Silver carp also was significantly responsible for 38 % of the variability of the total alkalinity concentrations and for 5-26 % of the total variability for pH, available phosphorus, ammonium, ammonia and total hardness however it was not significant. The results of factor analysis indicated that combined two factors (photosynthesis vs.respiration and pond fertilization) accounted for 40% of the total variability explained by the ANOVA model. The presence of silver carp reduced tilapia production by about 10%, but it increased the total fish production which in turn resulted in 25% higher net profit (1009 LE/ha) than that in the case of absence of silver carp, which appeared also in the B/C ratio of about 28% greater with the presence of silver carp than its absence. The stocking density of silver carp used in this study was not enough to obtain all benefits of cultivating silver carp with other fish species, therefore furthertrials are needed with different stocking densities.
Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries
The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)
1110-6131
17
v.
1
no.
2013
69
79
https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_2157_6c7c5890d7d5174cd5d37746f6718475.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ejabf.2013.2157
Effect of stocking density and probiotic dietary supplementation on growth performance, feed conversion and survival of postlarvae of the freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii)
Nabil
Abdel-Hakim
Department of Animal production, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
author
Hasan
Allam
Department of Animal production, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
author
Al-Desoki
Al-Azab
Department of Animal production, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
author
Ahmed
Gewida
Department of Animal production, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
author
text
article
2013
eng
The present study was conducted at the Fish Hatchery Saft Khalid, Behera Governorate, Egypt, for two months in order to investigate the effect of stocking density and probiotic (Ecobiol Aqua) dietary supplementation on growthperformance, feed utilization, survival rate and whole body chemical composition of postlarvae of the freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) of an initial weight 0.161g. reared in indoor nursery concrete tanks. A total number of 1350 postlarvae freshwater prawns were divided randomly into 18 concrete tanks (1 m2 area each) to represent three stocking densities (50; 75 and 100 PL/m2) with or without probiotic supplementation in three replicates each treatment. The experimental prawns were fed during the experimental period (8 weeks) on a diet contained 37.5% crude protein5times/day at a rate related to the development stage. The treatments applied were D1A; D2A; D3A; D1B; D2B and D3B i.e. densities 50; 75 and 100 animals/m2 without probiotic and densities 50; 75 and 100 animals/m2 with supplemental probiotics, respectively. Results obtained are summarized in the following:1- Water quality parameters tested were within the permissible levelsrecommended for optimum growth and development of freshwater prawn.2- Both densities D1 and D2 (50 and 75animals/m2) recorded significantly(p<0.05) higher final weights; total weight gains; specific and relative growthrates compared to the highest density, regardless of the probiotic effect.3- Probiotic supplementation had insignificant effects on final weight; totalweight gain; specific and relative growth rates, regardless of stocking density.4- Within each stocking density supplementing the diets of freshwater prawnwith probiotic improved the survival rate and the improvements were morepronounced at the lower stocking densities.5- The best feed conversion ratio (FCR) (the lowest) was recorded by D1A group(p<0.05) followed by D2B; D1B; D2A; D3B and D3A, respectively.6- Neither stocking density nor probiotic supplementation released anysignificant effects on whole body chemical composition of freshwater prawn.Based on the obtained results, the optimum stocking density of postlarvae M.rosenbergii laid between 50 to 75animals/m2 and increasing the stocking densitymore than75/m2 had negative effects on growth performance parameters. Also theresults obtained may lead us to recommend the supplementation of probiotic(Ecobiol Aqua) to postlarvae M. rosenbergii diets in order to improve the survivalrate during the nursery period.
Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries
The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)
1110-6131
17
v.
1
no.
2013
81
90
https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_2158_cd449411b80d567ec55cf91c967139c5.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ejabf.2013.2158
Effects of partial and total substitution of fish meal with corn gluten meal on growth performance, nutrients utilization and some blood constituents of the Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus
Ataalla
Metwalli
National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Shakshouk Fish Research
Station, El -Fayoum, Egypt.
author
text
article
2013
eng
The present study was conducted to evaluate partial or total substitution of fishmeal with corn gluten meal and its effects on growth performance, nutrientsutilization and blood characteristics of fingerling tilapia. Four isonitrogenous dietswere formulated to contain (30.16±0.08 Crude protein) with different inclusion levels(D0, D50, D75 and D100% corn gluten meal). Fish were fed on on the artificial dietsat a rate of 3% of the fish biomass daily divided into two equal portions. Fingerlingstilapia with an initial weight of 6.65±0.2g were distributed in concrete tanks as 225juveniles in each triplicate tank of 9m3 volume to represent 4 dietary treatments intriplicates. The experimental period lasted 105 days after start. The results showedsignificant differences (P<0.05) in growth performance and feed conversion ratiobetween diets. The highest performance in terms of (final weight, weight gain,average daily gain, specific growth rate, condition factor, feed conversion ratio,protein efficiency ratio, and protein productive value and Hepatosomatic index) wereobtained with the C0, C50 and C50%, respectively, without significance differencebetween them. The inclusion of 100% corn gluten meal showed significantdifferences (P<0.05) with decreased growth performance and feed efficiencycompared to the other tested diets. No significance difference (P<0.05) in whole bodychemical composition (dry matter, crude protein, crude lipid and ash) was observedbetween fish fed on on all experimental diets. The blood parameters did not varysignificantly by dietary treatments. The results of the present study indicated that, theinclusion of up to 75% corn gluten meal level as low cost plant protein instead of fishmeal can be utilized in tilapia diets without adverse effects on growth performance,feed efficiency and blood characteristics.
Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries
The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)
1110-6131
17
v.
1
no.
2013
91
100
https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_2159_5a5c62f86030288a072d52212e952a56.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ejabf.2013.2159
Impact of environmental parameters on fish condition and quality in Lake Edku,Egypt
Samir
Saeed
Central Lab. for Aquaculture Research, Agricultural Research Center. Limnology
dept., Egypt.
author
text
article
2013
eng
This study was carried out between May 2011 and February 2012 in order todetermine the effect of environmental parameters on physical and chemical quality ofwater, fish condition as well as fish quality in Lake Edku. Fish condition; lengthweightrelation, condition factor and hepatosomatic index of three cichlid species (O.niloticus, O. aureus and T. zillii) were studied. Also, fish quality as heavy metalsaccumulation and proximate body composition for muscle tissue of these species wereestimated. Physico-chemical parameters were in normal ranges for fish culture andrevealed that the lake water showed differences among different seasons.Concentrations of metals in fish muscles have been changed seasonally with highervalues recorded during autumn and winter. However, these concentrations are still inthe safety permissible levels for human consumption. The best condition andproximate body composition of fish were recorded in spring and winter seasons.According to the results of this study, the most important environmental parametersaffecting water characteristics, fish condition and quality in Lake Edku were watertemperature, nutrients and drainage water discharged into the lake.
Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries
The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)
1110-6131
17
v.
1
no.
2013
101
112
https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_2160_0051023523c457abf22ea974b09b628c.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ejabf.2013.2160
Biological studies on the filefish Setphanolepis diaspros, Fraser-Brunner, 1940 (Monacanthidae) from the Gulf of Suez, Egpyt
Azza
El-Ganainy
National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), B.O. Box 182, Suez, Egypt
author
Manal
Sabrah
National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), B.O. Box 182, Suez, Egypt
author
text
article
2013
eng
The reproductive characteristics and stomach contents of the filefish Stephanolepis diaspros were investigated in the Gulf of Suez during the period from 2004 to 2007. The overall sex ratio of males to females was estimated as1.00: 0.18,where females were represented in small sizes (8.0- 16.0 cm), while males largely outnumber females up to the length interval of 16.0- 26.0 cm. The monthly average values of gonad weight percentages and monthly different maturity stages showed that the species spawns during summer with intensive spawning in May. The length at firstsexual maturity was estimated at 9.5 cm for males and 8.5 cm for females. The diet of file fish consisted of a wide variety of items, dominated by crustaceans and mollusks. Algae, echinoderms, coelenterates and fish remains were also demonstrated in the stomachs. Sponges, hydrozoans, foraminifera and Bryozoa were also preyed by the file fish. The maximum feeding intensity was attained in spring, while the minimum was observed during summer (June to September)
Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries
The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)
1110-6131
17
v.
1
no.
2013
113
121
https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_2161_1bb2e4cb109674a8cdf159a110c0a6b2.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ejabf.2013.2161
Morphological adaptations of digestive tract according to food and feeding habits of the broomtail wrasse, Cheilinus lunulatus
Hassan
Khalaf Allah
Marine Biology & Ichthyology section, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science,
Al-Azhar University, Cairo
author
text
article
2013
eng
The present study deals with the morphological adaptations of digestive tract according to food and feeding habits of the broomtail wrasse, Cheilinus lunulatus. The highest rate of feeding activity was recorded during spring and the lowest during summer. In the older and younger fish, the rates of feeding activity are nearly similar.The fish is mainly carnivorous benthic feeder. This fish plays an important role as a predator of invertebrates of reef fauna. It consumes a wide range of animal food. Molluscs, echinoderms and small fishes were the main food items consumed by these fish. Molluscs increased and echinoderms decreased in the food with the increasing length of the fish.The mouth is relatively large, terminal in position, usually with prominent lips. Jaws are extremely protrusible to make the fish able to get food between branches of coral reef. The jaws teeth are conical canine in shape and composed of outer uni-serial pointed teeth. Two enlarged teeth are present in the front of the upper and lower jaws.They are specialized for catching and holding the prey and preventing its escape out of the buccal cavity. The pharyngeal teeth are molar in shape with blunt or round edge and arranged in two rows, usually 7 - 17 in each row of the floor. The teeth in the roof are developed and haphazard distributed. These molariform teeth are adapted for crushing and grinding of hard body preys. 11 gill rakers are present on the bowshaped gill arch and conical in shape with tapering tips adapted for binding the prey. Oesophagus is a short muscular distensible tube with few number of large mucosal folds adapted for facilitating conduction of food to the stomach. The Jshaped stomach is of the siphon type with large number of small mucosal folds adapted for food retention to be digested. The intestine is a short uncomplicated tube which recognized by the presence of ileo-rectal valve modified to prevent the passage of food particles into the posterior part before intestinal digestion and absorption is completed. It contains very large number of mucosal folds adapted for facilitatinglubrication of feces towards the anus
Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries
The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)
1110-6131
17
v.
1
no.
2013
123
141
https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_2162_6c80fabdb0f682f5fc016f691a6f2b7f.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ejabf.2013.2162
Status of fisheries resources of bitter lakes, Suez Canal, Egypt
Ashraf
Ahmed
Marine Science Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, 41522
author
Asmaa
El-Karamany
Marine Science Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, 41522
author
text
article
2013
eng
In this study, the Fisheries database were collected from GADFR (2007) and interviews with fishermen to throw a light on fisheries resources in the environment of Bitter lakes. Fishing boats, gears, number of fishermen and catch. The total catch of 2007 was 3090919 kg and the highest catch value was in summer, whereas the minimum catch value was in winter. The study gives new insight for a better understanding the fisheries of the study area and help decision makers to make propermanagement of the Bitter Lakes.
Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries
The Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health (ESDFHH)
1110-6131
17
v.
1
no.
2013
1
9
https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_2163_20596e7a4e53ca1ad0ed2bbc6e40bb1d.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ejabf.2013.2163